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Methods
Naaimat Muhammed
Present day
Instrumental Analysis
Miniaturization
Introduction:
Instrumental Methods:
is present?
6. What are the physical and chemical properties of the sample matrix?
The table below lists the names of instrumental methods that are
based upon various analytical signals.
Analytical Signals
Data Domain – information
encoded
Non-electrical Domains
current, charge)
Analog Domains –
current)
slopes)
Hi/Lo)
Selecting an
Analytical Method
Required Accuracy
Amount of sample
Concentration range(s)
of analyte(s)
Possible interferences
Chemical and physical
properties of matrix
Number of samples
Desirable
Characteristics for
an
Analytical Method
Speed
Ease and Convenience
Skill required of
operator
Cost and availability of
equipment
Per-samples cost
Numerical Criteria
for
Selecting an
Analytical Method
Precision
Absolute
standard deviation
Relative
standard deviation
Coefficient
of variation
Variance
Bias
Absolute
systematic error
Relative
systematic error
Sensitivity
Calibration
Analytical
Detection
Limit
Blank
plus three times Std.
Dev. of blank
Concentration
Range
Limit
of Quantitation
(LOQ)
Limit
of Linearity (LOL)
Selectivity
Effects
of interferences
Coefficient
of Selectivity
Table 1-2
The table below lists most of the analytical signals that are currently
used for instrumental analysis.
Signal Analytical Numerical Criteria for
Transduced Signal Readout selecting Analytical
Instrument Generator Signal Methods
Transducer Signal
Bias
Sensitivity
S= measured signal
c =
concentration of analyte
Sbi = instrument signal for a blank
M= slope of
the straight line
Analytical Sensitivity
γ = m / Ss
γ = analytical sensitivity
m = slope of straight line
Ss = standard deviation of the signals
Detection Limit
Cm = detection limit
Sm = minimum distinquishable analytical signal
Sbl = mean signal of blank
M= slope of calibration curve
Selectivity
1. Speed
5. Per-sample cost
http://www.acs.org
http://www.cas.org
http://www.chemcenter/org
Science Magazine:
http://www.sciencemag.org
http://www.kerouac.pharm.uky.edu/asrg/wave/wavehp.html