Department of Electronics &

Communication
Course: analog
Communication System

[analog Communication
System]

Topic: Use of internet & Electronic Communication

System

Submitted To: Submitted By:

Mr.Gurushan Singh Aashish Gupta
B-Tech[ECE-
MBA]
10802783

Internet and electronic Communication

Page 1
 RollNo:
RB6803A09

Introduction:::::

What is the Internet?

The Internet has been called the "network of networks." Simply put, it's a way to link
millions of people around the world, each of whom is using a computer connected to a
smaller network such as the one in their office, or school, or to a commercial network
such as America Online or CompuServe.

A network of networks, joining many government, university and private computers

together and providing an infrastructure for the use of E-mail, bulletin boards, file
archives, hypertext documents, databases and other computational resources

Internet and electronic Communication

Page 2
The vast collection of computer networks which form and act as a single huge network
for transport of data and messages across distances which can be anywhere from the
same office to anywhere in the world.

What is Electronic Communication system?

Connecting Computers to a Network

_ Network switch
_ Network ports in wall connected to switch
_ Network transmissions from computers are independent of each other
_ Preferable, but expensive

How internet relate with Communication system

The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the
standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide.
It is anetwork of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic,
business, and government networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad
array of electronic and optical networking technologies.

Most traditional communications media including:

Communication system with internet

Film

Telephone Music

Internet and electronic Communication

Page 3
 Television

Are being reshaped or redefined by the Internet.

• E-mail is an important communications service available on the Internet.

• Internet telephony is another common communications service made possible
by the creation of the Internet
Importance of Communication system:
• Communication means the process of exchanging information .it is used for
conveying thoughts, ideas and feelings.
• Two of the main barriers in human communication are distance and language.
• Out of them the distance problem is solved now a day means of introducing long
distance communication.
• The telegraph was invented in 1844 and the telephone in 1876.
• Invention of Radio was a huge leap forward in the field of communication.
• Radio, T.V uses the Electronic communication and they have increased our
ability to store information.
• This has changed our society from what it was to what it is now.

Classification of Electronic Communication System:

Classified into Various Categories:

1) Whether the system is Unidirectional or Bidirectional

2) Whether it uses an analog or digital information signal

Classification based on direction of communication system:

• Simplex system(Unidirectional System)

• Half Duplex system(Bidirectional System)
• Full Duplex system(Bidirectional System

Internet and electronic Communication

Page 4
 Simplex System:
In this system the information is communicated in only one direction.
For example: the radio or TV broadcasting systems can only transmit. They
can’t receive.

Half Duplex system:

These systems are Bidirectional .They can transmit as well as receive but not
simultaneously.
For Example: Wally talky set

Full Duplex System:

These are truly bidirectional system as they allow the communication to take
place in both directions simultaneously.
The bulk of electronic Communication however is Two –way.
For Example: Telephone system

Application of Electronic Communication:

Internet and electronic Communication

Page 5
Simplex (one way) Duplex (two ways)

• AM and FM broad casting telephones

• TV broadcasting two way radios
• Cable TV Radar
• Wireless remote control Sonar
• Navigation and direction finding data communication
• Telemetry
• Radio Astronomy
• Music services

=============================================
=============================================
====

Modem:
Modem (Modulator/ Demodulator)
It takes digital electrical pulses from a computer, terminal, or microcomputer and
converts them into a continuous analog signal, for transmission over an analog voice
grade circuit.

It then re-converts the analog signal to its original digital format.

Evolution:
Evolution A dumb terminal at an off-site office or store could "dial in" to a large,
central computer. The 1960s were the age of time-shared computers, and the 300-bit-
per-second (bps) modems.

Today:
Today Faster non-analog “modems”. Users connect to the Internet through a: regular
modem local-area network (LAN) connection cable modem, or digital subscriber line
(DSL) connection

• Modern modems use combinations of amplitude, frequency, and phase

modulation to achieve high data rates.

• The fastest dial-up modem at the moment is 56 Kbps.

• Modems can support auto answer, auto dial, auto disconnects, and auto redials.

Internet and electronic Communication

Page 6
 Features of Modems

o Operates at the Bell 202 Standard Forward Bit Rate (1200 bits/second)
o Uses 1200 Hz and 2200 Hz Bell 202 Shift Frequencies
o Low Power Consumption (typically 40 uA)
o Accurate Carrier Detect Logic
o Single Chip Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
o 1200 Baud Transmit and Receive Modulation
o 3 to 5 Volt Power Supply
o CMOS and TTL I/O compatible
o Optimized for Intrinsically Safe Applications
o Uses reliable CMOS technology
o Available in 16 pin DIP or 28 pin PLCC packages

How to design the Modems

The simplest approach to the design of modems is to treat the entire PSTN as a linear
analog network. [Note that PSTN is almost entirely due to the use of pulse-code
modulation (PCM) for the transmission of voice signals.]

In such a setting, analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversions are needed

whenever the modems send signals to and receive signals from the PSTN.

The modem configuration depicted in the above figure exhibits 'symmetry' in that both
modems are identical. The data rate downstream (from the ISP to the user) is exactly the
same as the data rate upstream (from the user to the ISP).

Types of modems
External Modem

This is the simplest type of modem to install because you don't have to open the
computer. External modems have their own power supply and connect with a cable to a
computer's serial port. The telephone line plugs into a socket on the rear panel of the
modem.

Because external modems have their own power supply, you can turn off the modem to
break an online connection quickly without powering down the computer

Internet and electronic Communication

Page 7
Internal Modem

Most internal modems come installed in the computer you buy. Internal modems are
more directly integrated into the computer system and, therefore, do not need any
special attention. Internal modems are activated when you run a communication
programme and are turned off when you exit the programme. This convenience is
especially useful for novice users.

Internal modems usually cost less than external modems, but the price difference is
usually small. The major disadvantage with internal modems is their location, inside the
computer

Modems for laptop computers are typically of two forms.

The first type of laptop modem is completely inside the laptop.

• A user plugs a modular phone cord (RJ-11) into a slot which is attached to the
modem.

The second type of laptop modem is about the size of a credit card and plugs into a
special connector.

PC Card Modem
These modems, designed for portable computers, are the size of a credit card and fit
into the PC Card slot on notebook and handheld computers. These modems are
removed when the modem is not needed.

Except for their size, PC Card modems are like a combination of external and internal
modems. These devices are plugged directly into an external slot in the portable
computer. So no cable is required other than the telephone line connection.

The cards are powered by the computer, which is fine unless the computer is battery-
operated. Running a PC Card modem while the portable computer is operating on
battery power drastically decreases the life of your batteries.

Internet and electronic Communication

Page 8
Modem Characteristics
The HT2012 HART® modem has four main subsections:
• Carrier detect,
• Clock/timing
• Modulation
• Demodulation.

Carrier Detect
The carrier detect output is active low whenever a valid carrier tone between 1000 and
2575 Hz (inclusive) is detected. Detection occurs when timed transitions remain within
the band of the 1200 and 2200 Hz periods for 40 Nanno seconds to 1 Bit time.
A loss of carrier for 1 millisecond or more causes the carrier detects line to go inactive
high (1).

Carrier Detect Frequency Range:

1000 Hz to 2575 Hz The range of frequencies applied at IRXA over which OCD must go
low (0).

Time from Carrier Input to Carrier

Detect:
40 nano seconds (Minimum) 1 bit time (Maximum) The time from the start of a valid
Carrier signal at IRXA until OCD goes to logical low (0).

Conditions:
1. Clock frequency of 460.8 kHz +/- 0.1%
2. Input (IRXA) asymmetry maximum of 5.0%

User Clock Frequency:

• Nominal 19.2 kHz
• Proportional to the 460.8 kHz
• clock at l460K

\Modulator

The modulator takes data to transmit and modulates it as either 1200Hz (mark) a 2200
Hz (space). The input signal to transmit is applied to the ITXD pin as an NRZ digital
signal.

An important feature of the modulator is its preservation of the phase integrity of each
frequency when switching between frequencies. This enables accurate reconstruction of
the original modulating signal at the output of the demodulator

Internet and electronic Communication

Page 9
Demodulator

The input signal from the IRXA pin is a digital pulse train consisting of the FSK
modulated square waves. The demodulated data stream is buffered at the ORXD pin as
a digital output signal

Internet and electronic Communication

Page 10
Maximum Demodulator Jitter:
+/- 12% of one bit time

Conditions:
1. Input frequencies at 1200 Hz +/- 10 Hz; 2200 Hz +/- 20 Hz
2. Clock frequency of 460.8 kHz +/- 0.1%
3. Input (IRXA) asymmetry = 0

Important point related to process of Modem

Cable Modem:
Cable Modem Cable company offers Internet access over the cable Speed at more than
1 mbps (1 million bits per second), or about 20 times faster that 56k modems
Downstream data into a 6-MHz channel looks just like a TV channel Equipment Cable
modem (customer) CMTS (cable provider)

Inside the Cable Modem: Modulator

In cable modems that use the cable system for upstream traffic, a modulator is used to
convert the digital computer network data into radio-frequency signals for transmission.
This component is sometimes called a burst modulator, because of the irregular nature
of most traffic between a user and the Internet, and consists of three parts:

• A section to insert information used for error correction on the receiving end
• A QAM modulator
• A digital-to-analog (D/A) converter

Internet and electronic Communication

Page 11
Integrating different standards

• Broadband access
• Home networking
• System interfaces

Interface Standards

Many different groups contribute to interface standards:

• International Telecommunications Union (ITU) (formerly CCITT)

• Electronics Industries Association (EIA)
• Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
• International Organization for Standards (ISO)
• American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

Standards organizations and modem protocols

• International Telecommunications Union ITU: Data communication over the

telephone network
• Federal Communications Commission TELECOMMUNICATION: PART
64_MISCELLANEOUS RULES RELATING TO COMMON CARRIERS
• 56k
• V.92
Internet and electronic Communication

Page 12
 • Columbia University - Protocols Explained - no longer available, archived
version
• Basic handshakes & modulations - V.22, V.22bis, V.32 and V.34 handshakes

Future scope of internet & Electronic Communication System

What is the future of communication?

The future is shiny.

Fifty years ago,

The tools we rely upon to communicate today were only science fiction.

Today, we can purchase a smartphone and make calls, surf the Web, play games, run
applications and accomplish more than most speculative fiction authors dared to
dream.

So what's next?

In the short term, we'll likely see basic cell phones slowly fade away. As smartphones
become more common and less expensive, more people will adopt them. The process is
gradual. As with most new technologies, a group of enthusiastic adopters lead the way.
Sometimes, the general population will follow the early pioneers -- the compact disc is a
good example of such technology.

In other cases, the early adopters end up owning technology that becomes obsolete
without ever finding wide acceptance -- like Laserdiscs.

Smartphones

Smartphones seem to be in the first category.

Products like the AppleiPhone and Google's Android operating system have pushed the
smartphone out of the world of gadget geeks and into the mass market.

In 2010, the first 4G smartphone for a major carrier in the United States made an
appearance. It was the HTC EVO 4G, running on Sprint's WiMAX network [source:
CNET].

The 4G network allows for faster data transfer speeds than other networks.

Internet and electronic Communication

Page 13
Voice over internet protocol (VOIP)

The Internet will continue to play an increasing role in communication. Voice over
Internet protocol (VoIP) already plays a large role in several communication products
and services. Sites like Facebook and Twitter allow users to communicate with networks
of people.

With the rise of the Web, people now have a platform from which they can
address the world. In the past, only celebrities and politicians could address
so many people at one time. Now, anyone with an Internet connection can
do the same thing.

References:
• http://www.howstuffworks.com/
• http://computer.howstuffworks.com/internet/basics
• Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach
ppt
• www.wikipedia.com
• Electronics Communication System-Wayne Tomasi
• Types Of Modems | Tutorvista.com
• company related to modem pdf - Google Search
• http://www.google.co.in/#sclient=psy&hl=en&q=application+of+internet+and
+electronic+communication&aq=f&aqi=g10&aql=&oq=&gs_rfai=&psj=1&fp
=f80b76cc19427b17

Internet and electronic Communication

Page 14
Internet and electronic Communication

Page 15