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Alpine Linux 2 review

Alpine Linux is a distribution designed primarily for use as a router, firewall and application gateway. The latest stable version,
Alpine Linux 2.0, was released last week (August 17, 2010). This review is the first for this distribution on this site, and also marks
its first listing in the Firewall & Router category.

Installation: Installation of Alpine Linux to hard disk is via a text-based interface. The setup-disk script takes care of the completed
automated installation, and the whole process takes less than two minutes. By default, the script creates the following partitions (test
installation on an x86 computer with a 250 GB hard drive):

- /boot of 100 MB
- swap of about 1 GB
- / takes up the rest of the disk space

Ext3 is the default file system. Alpine uses the OpenRC initialization and daemon management script, the same system used by
Gentoo. Incidentally, the maintainer of OpenRC has given up on the project. There are several setup- script that you need to use to
make the system usable.

Post Installation Configuration: Aside from formatting and installing a base system, Alpine's installation script does very little else.
Specifying a hostname, configuring the internal network interface, specifying a password for the root account, and other mundane
tasks usually taken care of by other installation scripts, are some of the post installation tasks that you will have to get done. Alpine
provides several setup- scripts that you have to use to perform most of the important post installation tasks.

For configuring the network interface (and a couple of other tasks), for example, you will have to use the setup-alpine script. The
setup-interfaces script, which is expressly coded to configure network interfaces, is a dud. It does not work. So to configure a
network interface on Alpine from the command line, you will have to use the setup-alpine script or the ifup command.

Package Management: Apk is Alpine's package management system. That is one more package manager that you will need to learn,
if you want to use Alpine. It is just as easy to master as Debian's apt. Apart from some basic packages needed to get the system up
and running, virtually all the packages that you will be using on Alpine will be installed by you - after installation. That requires that
you first append an online repository to the /etc/apk/repositories file. By default, a pointer to the installation medium is the only
entry in this file.

Administration: Administrative access to a fresh installation of Alpine Linux is by direct access, using the passwordless root
account. If you need remote access, you will have to first install the openSSH server (client and server installed at the same time by
the apk add openssh command), or run the setup-acf script to install the Alpine Configuration Framework, an "mvc-style application
for configuring an Alpine device" over a secure Web (https) interface.

The image below is the "home" page of the Web interface, but not from a default installation. The OpenVPN entry under

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Networking, the entries under Applications and the entry under Storage are all from a post installation operation,
[caption id="attachment_6608" align="aligncenter" width="575" caption="Alpine's browser-based management interface"]

[/caption]
Like a default installation of Alpine Linux, the Browser-based management interface is very basic, lacking features needed to
configure aspects of some of the services and applications. Most of what you will accomplish on Alpine will be from the command
line (console or remote access via ssh).

Features: A prominent claim on Alpine's website is that it "was designed with security in mind. It has proactive security features,
such as PaX and SSP, that prevent security holes from being exploited."

With the appropriate applications installed, from the command line or from the browser-based management interface, Alpine Linux
may be configured to serve as a firewall and IDS/IPS system, VPN server, VoIP server, Web and FTP server, etc. Alpine may be
used to play any role within your network.

Final Thoughts: If you would like to take Alpine for a spin, here are some points to keep in mind:
- Become familiar with apk, the Alpine Package Management system.
- Become familiar with the various runlevels, and how to attach services to them. If you are a Gentoo user, or are familiar
with Gentoo's init system, you should be right at home.
- If you are a power user, or want to be one, the browser-based management interface, while intuitive to use, will be a
secondary management tool. Most of the serious stuff you will be doing will be from the command line.

Resources: Alpine Linux provides three stable iso images for download: Standard, Mini and Vserver. Some tutorials and howtos are
available here.

Screenshots:
A few screenshots from Alpine's browser-based management interface. A view of the System information.

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[caption id="attachment_6609" align="aligncenter" width="575" caption="System health information"]

[/caption]

A list of applications available for installation. Alpine's browser-based management interface offers a one-click installation operation
for all the available applications.
[caption id="attachment_6610" align="aligncenter" width="575" caption="Available packages from the online repository"]

[/caption]

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A list of the services under Alpine's runlevels.

[caption id="attachment_6611" align="aligncenter" width="575" caption="Runlevels"]

[/caption]

Network interface graph.

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