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Stability of Lipogels with Low Molecular Mass Gelators and Emollient Oils
Ricardo C. Pasquali a; Natalia Sacco a;Carlos Bregni a
a
Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de
Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
To cite this Article Pasquali, Ricardo C. , Sacco, Natalia andBregni, Carlos(2010) 'Stability of Lipogels with Low Molecular
Mass Gelators and Emollient Oils', Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 31: 4, 482 — 487
To link to this Article: DOI: 10.1080/01932690903212263
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01932690903212263
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Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 31:482–487, 2010
Copyright # Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
ISSN: 0193-2691 print=1532-2351 online
DOI: 10.1080/01932690903212263
The influence of preparation methods on stability of lipogels was studied. The objectives of this
study were to evaluate the ability of different low molecular solid ingredients used as excipients
in pharmaceutical and cosmetical products to form lipogels with emollient liquids of different
polarities as well as to evaluate the stability of the lipogels obtained and the spreading ability
of stable lipogels. The lipogels were prepared by heating the mix of oil and gelator a 100 C with
two different forms of cooling: slow cooling of the without stirring and quick cooling with stirring.
The stability tests were one year of storage at room temperature, centrifugation and three months
at 40 C. None of the lipogels prepared with slow cooling and without stirring were stable in
all stability tests. Eight of the formulations with quick cooling and stirring were stables in all
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stability tests: six with 12-hydroxystearic acid, one with hydrogenated castor oil, and one with
beeswax as gelators. The lipogels with 12-hydroxystearic acid as gelator do not spread on skin
or form clusters that spread after pressing with the fingers. The two lipogels with castor oil have
good spreading ability on the skin.
Keywords Emolients, gelators, gels, lipogels, organogels
482
LIPOGELS WITH LOW MOLECULAR MASS GELATORS 483
Materials
Isopropyl myristate, decyl oleate (Cetiol V), octyldode- Lipogels Prepared with Slow Cooling
canol (Eutanol G), glycerol monostearate (Cutina MD), and without Stirring
ethylene glycol distearate (Cutina AGS), dicaprylyl carbon- Mineral oil, dicaprylyl carbonate, cetyl isononanoate,
ate (Cetiol CC), 2-propylheptyl caprylate (Cetiol Sensoft) and 2-propylheptyl caprylate do not produce lipogels that
and cetyl isononanoate (Cetiol SN) were provided by are stables after 30 days at room temperature.
Cognis. Hydrogenated castor oil and 12-hydroxystearic Isopropyl myristate gelify without liquid separation with
acid are from Castoroil (Argentina) and sorbitan mono- 12-hydroxystearic acid. The lipogel is stable by centrifuga-
stearate (Span 60) was provided by Uniquema (Argentina). tion and unstable after one year at room temperature and
Beeswax, paraffin, and mineral oil meets the requierements three months at 40 C.
of Farmacopea Argentina VI. Decyl oleate and octyldodecanol gelifyes without liquid
separation with ethylene glycol distearate. This lipogels are
unstable by centrifugation and after one year at room tem-
Methods perature and three months at 40 C.
Composition of Lipogels Castor oil gelify without liquid separation with glycerol
Lipogels were composed by 9.00 g of oil and 1.00 g of monostearate, beeswax and ethylene glycol distearate. This
gelator. The oils were mineral oil, isopropyl myristate, lipogels are stables by centrifugation. The lipogel with
decyl oleate, castor oil, octyldodecanol, dicaprylyl carbon- beeswax is the only stable after one year at room tempera-
ate, and cetyl isononanoate and the gelators were paraffin, ture and the three are unstable after three months at 40 C.
hydrogenated castor oil, glycerol monostearate, beeswax, Not one lipogels prepared with slow cooling and with-
ethylene glycol distearate, and 12-hydroxystearic acid. out stirring are stables in all stability tests.
484 R. C. PASQUALI ET AL.
TABLE 1
Stability of lipogels after 30 days of storage at room temperature: G ¼ gel, GL ¼ gel and liquid; up: slow cooling
without stirring; down: quick cooling with stirring
Gelator Glycerol Ethylene glycol 12-Hydroxystearic Hydrogenated Sorbitan
oil Paraffin monostearate Beeswax distearate acid castor oil monostearate
Mineral oil L GL L GL GL GL GL
L GL GL GL G GL GL
Dicaprylyl L L L GL GL GL GL
carbonate GL GL GL GL G GL GL
Isopropyl GL LS LS GL G GL GL
myristate GL GL GL GL G GL GL
Cetyl L GL GL GL GL GL GL
isononanoate GL GL GL GL G GL GL
2-Propylheptyl L L L GL GL GL GL
caprylate L GL GL GL G G L
Decyl oleate GL GL GL G GL GL GL
L GL GL GL G G GL
Castor oil GL G G G GL GL L
G G G GL GL G L
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Octyldodecanol GL GL GL G GL GL LS
GL GL G GL GL GL LS
Lipogels Prepared with Quick Cooling and Stirring 2-Propylheptyl caprylate and decyl oleate gelifyes
Mineral oil, dicaprylyl carbonate, isopropyl myristate without liquid separation with hydrogenated castor oil
and cetyl isononanoate gelifyes without liquid separation and 12-hydroxystearic acid. The lipogels with 12-
only with 12-hydroxystearic acid. The formed lipogels are hydroxystearic acid are stables in all stability tests, but with
stables in all stability tests. hydrogenated castor oil are unstable by centrifugation.
TABLE 2
Stability at centrifugation of lipogels that are stable after 30 days of storage at room temperature: G ¼ gel,
GL ¼ gel and liquid, — ¼ unstable after 30 days of storage at room temperature; up: slow cooling without stirring;
down: quick cooling with stirring
Gelator Glycerol Ethylene glycol 12-Hydroxystearic Hydrogenated Sorbitan
oil Paraffin monostearate Beeswax distearate acid castor oil monostearate
Mineral oil —
G
Dicaprylyl —
carbonate G
Isopropyl myristate G
G
Cetyl isononanoate —
G
2-Propylheptyl — —
caprylate G GL
Decyl oleate GL — —
— G GL
Castor oil — G G G —
G G G — G
Octyldodecanol — GL
G —
LIPOGELS WITH LOW MOLECULAR MASS GELATORS 485
TABLE 3
Stability after one year of storage at room temperature of lipogels that are stable after 30 days of storage at room
temperature: G ¼ gel, GL ¼ gel and liquid, — ¼ unstable after 30 days of storage at room temperature; up: slow
cooling without stirring; down: quick cooling with stirring
Gelator Glycerol Ethylene glycol 12-Hydroxystearic Hydrogenated Sorbitan
oil Paraffin monostearate Beeswax distearate acid castor oil monostearate
Mineral oil —
G
Dicaprylyl —
carbonate G
Isopropyl GL
myristate G
Cetyl isononanoate —
G
2-Propylheptyl — —
caprylate G G
Decyl oleate GL — —
— G G
Castor oil — GL G GL —
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GL G G — G
Octyldodecanol — GL
GL —
Castor oil gelify without liquid separation with paraffin, temperature and at centrifugation and unstable after one
hydrogenated castor oil, glycerol monostearate and bees- year at room temperature and three months at 40 C. With
wax. With paraffin is stable over at least 30 days at room glycerol monostearate is unstable after three months at
TABLE 4
Stability after three months at 40 C of lipogels that are stable after 30 days of storage at room temperature: G ¼ gel,
GL ¼ gel and liquid, — ¼ unstable after 30 days of storage at room temperature; up: slow cooling without stirring;
down: quick cooling with stirring
Gelator Glycerol Ethylene glycol 12-Hydroxystearic Hydrogenated Sorbitan
oil Paraffin monostearate Beeswax distearate acid castor oil monostearate
Mineral oil —
G
Dicaprylyl —
carbonate G
Isopropyl GL
myristate G
Cetyl —
isononanoate G
2-Propylheptyl — —
caprylate G G
Decyl oleate GL — —
— G G
Castor oil — GL GL GL —
GL GL G — G
Octyldodecanol — GL
GL —
486 R. C. PASQUALI ET AL.
TABLE 5
Spreading ability on the skin by pressing with the fingers of lipogels prepared with quick cooling and stirring
that passes all stability tests
Oil Gelator Spreading ability
Mineral oil 12-Hydroxystearic acid Form clusters that spreads after pressing
Dicaprylyl carbonate 12-Hydroxystearic acid Not spread
Isopropyl myristate 12-Hydroxystearic acid Form clusters that spreads after pressing
Cetyl isononanoate 12-Hydroxystearic acid Not spread
2-Propylheptyl caprylate 12-Hydroxystearic acid Form clusters that spreads after pressing
Decyl oleate 12-Hydroxystearic acid Form clusters that spreads after pressing
Castor oil Hydrogenated castor oil Good spreading
Castor oil Beeswax Good spreading
40 C. Lipogels with hydrogenated castor oil and beeswax 16.5 MPa0.5), in the meanwhile hydrogenated castor oil
are stables in all stability tests. and beeswax forms stables lipogels with the more polar
Octyldodecanol gelifyes without liquid separation with castor oil (solubility parameters ¼ 18.2).
beeswax. The formed lipogel is unstable after one year at The resistance to spread of the lipogels with 12-
room temperature and three months at 40 C. hydroxystearic acid could be attributed to the rigidity of
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Eight formulations are stables in all stability tests: six the gel network and the good spread ability of the lipogels
with 12-hydroxystearic acid, one with hydrogenated castor of castor oil gellified by hydrogenated castor oil and bees-
oil and one with beeswax as gelators. The lipogels with wax to the minor rigidity of the gel network. Due to its
12-hydroxystearic acid as gelator don’t spread or form good spread ability, the lipogels of castor oil gellified by
clusters that spread after pressing. The two lipogels with hydrogenated castor oil and beeswax are the more
castor oil has a good spreading ability (Table 5). adequate for topical application of lipophilic drugs.
The ability of 12-hydroxystearic acid to form stable lipo-
gels could be able to the hydroxyl group in the atom of car-
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