Sultan Qaboos University

College of Engineering
Electrical & Computer Engineering Department

Course : Power Electronics & Drives H.W. 3

Code : MCTE4210 Date : 22-3-2010
Semester: Spring 2010 Deadline: 31-3-2010

Fourier Analysis for periodic waves.

The shown waveform resembles the general form of

output voltage of DC/AC inverter. Fourier Analysis A
of this wave is performed as follows;
𝜋+𝛿 
2 2 2𝐴 𝜋−𝛿
2 
𝐴𝑛 = 𝐴 sin 𝑛𝜗 𝑑𝜗 = 𝑛𝜋 cos 𝑛𝜗 𝜋+𝛿
𝜋 𝜋−𝛿
2    
2  2 2

2𝐴 𝑛 𝜋−𝛿 𝑛 𝜋+𝛿 A
= cos − cos
𝑛𝜋 2 2

2𝐴 𝑛𝜋 𝑛𝛿 4𝐴 𝑛𝜋 𝑛𝛿
= 2 sin sin = sin sin
𝑛𝜋 2 2 𝑛𝜋 2 2

For n= 2,4,6,………….etc 𝐴2 = 𝐴4 = … … … … … = 0
For Single Phase Half wave or Full Wave Inverters 𝜹 = 𝝅 ;
∞ ∞
4𝐴 sin 𝑛𝜗 𝑛𝜋 2 4𝐴 sin 𝑛𝜗
∴ 𝑉 𝜗 = ∗ sin =
𝜋 𝑛 2 𝜋 𝑛
𝑛=1,3,5,… 𝑛=1,3,5,…
𝑉𝐷𝐶
Where; 𝐴 = 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑃𝑕𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑓 𝑊𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 & 𝐴 =
2
𝑉𝐷𝐶 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑃𝑕𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐹𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑊𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑡𝑦𝑝𝑒
2𝜋
For Three-Phase Inverters with period of conduction either 𝝅 or 3 ,Line Voltage of
the former or Phase voltage of the other are given by;
∞
4𝐴 sin 𝑛𝜗 𝑛𝜋 𝑛𝜋
𝑉𝐿𝐿 𝜗 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛
𝜋 𝑛 3 2
𝑛=1,5,7,11,13,….
∞ 𝑛𝜋 5𝑛𝜋
4𝐴 sin 𝑛𝜗 cos 6 − cos 6
= ∗
𝜋 𝑛 2
𝑛=1,5,7,11,13,….
2 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛5𝜔𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛7𝜔𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛11𝜔𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛13𝜔𝑡
= 𝐴 sin 𝜔𝑡 − + − +
𝜋 5 7 11 13
− ……….
 𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑕𝑎𝑡 𝐴 = 𝑉𝐷𝐶 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝜋 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 &
𝑉𝐷𝐶 2𝜋
= 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.
2 3
1- A single-phase half-bridge inverter has a resistive load of 2.4  and a dc input
voltages Vs = 48 V. For inverter frequency of 200 Hz, determine:
a- The instantaneous output voltage and current expressed in Fourier series.
b- The rms values of the output voltage and current.
c- The rms values of the fundamental component of output voltage and current.
d- The total harmonic distortion "THD".
e- The distortion factor “DF”.

Solution:
𝑉𝐷𝐶 48
In this case 𝐴 = = = 24 𝑉
2 2
4𝐴 4∗24
Hence; 𝜋 = 𝜋 = 30.5577 𝑉
𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑓 = 2𝜋 ∗ 200 = 1256.64 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠𝑒𝑐
Therefore, instantaneous output voltage is then given by;
30.5577 30.5577
a- 𝑉 𝑡 = 30.5577 sin(1256.64 𝑡) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3 ∗ 1256.64 𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 5 ∗
3 5
30.5577
1256.64 𝑡 + sin 7 ∗ 1256.64 𝑡 + … ..
7

𝑉(𝑡)
𝑖 𝑡 =
𝑅
= 12.7323 sin 1256.64 𝑡 + 4.2441 sin 3 ∗ 1256.64𝑡
+ 2.5465 sin 5 ∗ 1256.64𝑡 + 1.8189 sin 7 ∗ 1256.64𝑡 + … … .
𝜋
𝐴 2 𝑑𝜗 𝑉𝑅𝑀𝑆 24
b- 𝑉𝑅𝑀𝑆 = 0
= 𝐴 = 24 𝑉 & 𝐼𝑅𝑀𝑆 = = = 10 𝐴
𝜋 𝑅 2.4

30.5577 12.7323
c- 𝑉1𝑅𝑀𝑆 = = 21.6075 𝑉 & 𝐼1𝑅𝑀𝑆 = = 9 𝐴
2 2

24 2 − 21.6075 2
d- 𝑇𝐻𝐷 = = 0.4834
21.6075

30 .5577 2 30 .5577 2 30 .5577 2

+ + 0.6404 +0.0298+.00396
3∗3∗3 2 5∗5∗5 2 7∗7∗7 2
e- 𝐷𝐹 = = = 0.038
21.6075 21.6075

2- A single-phase full-bridge inverter has a resistive load of 10  and a dc input

voltages Vs = 220 V. For inverter frequency of 50 Hz, determine:
a- The instantaneous output voltage and current expressed in Fourier series.
b- The rms values of the output voltage and current.
c- The rms values of the fundamental component of output voltage and current.
d- The total harmonic distortion "THD".
 e- The distortion factor “DF”.

Solution:
In this type of inverters 𝐴 = 220 𝑉
Hence;
a- 𝑉 𝑡 = 280.11 sin 314.159 𝑡 + 93.37 sin 3 ∗ 314.159 𝑡 + 56.022 sin 5 ∗
314.159 𝑡 + 40.016 𝑠𝑖𝑛 7 ∗ 314.159 𝑡 + … … … … ….
𝐼 𝑡 = 28.11 sin 314.159 𝑡 + 9.337 sin 3 ∗ 314.159 𝑡
+ 5.6022 𝑠𝑖𝑛 5 ∗ 314.159 𝑡 + 4.0016 𝑠𝑖𝑛 7 ∗ 314.159 𝑡
+ … … … … ….
b- 𝑉𝑅𝑀𝑆 = 220 𝑉 & 𝐼𝑅𝑀𝑆 = 22 𝐴
c- 𝑉1𝑅𝑀𝑆 = 198.067 𝑉 & 𝐼1𝑅𝑀𝑆 = 19.8067 𝐴
220 2 − 198.067 2
d- 𝑇𝐻𝐷 = = 0.4834
198.067

93 .37 2 56.022 2 40.016 2

+ + 53.814+2.5107 +0.333
3∗3∗ 2 5∗5∗ 2 7∗7∗ 2
e- 𝐷𝐹 = = = 0.038
198.067 198.067

3- A single-phase full-bridge inverter has an RLC load with R = 10, L = 31.5 mH and
C = 112 F. The dc input voltages Vs = 220 V. For inverter frequency of 60 Hz,
determine:
a- The instantaneous output voltage and current expressed in Fourier series.
b- The rms values of the fundamental component of output voltage and current.

Solution:

This inverter has the same input voltage as that of the previous problem; hence its output
voltage as a function of time is given by:
a- 𝑉 𝑡 = 280.11 sin 377 𝑡 + 93.37 sin 3 ∗ 377 𝑡 + 56.022 sin 5 ∗ 377 𝑡 +
40.016 𝑠𝑖𝑛 7 ∗ 377 𝑡 + … … … … ….
As for individual current components, it should be calculated one by one;
𝑗𝑋𝐿 = 𝑗2𝜋 ∗ 60 ∗ 31.5 ∗ 10−3 = 𝑗11.875 Ω
106
−𝑗𝑋𝐶 = −𝑗 = −𝑗 23.864 Ω
2𝜋 ∗ 60 ∗ 112
Hence;
280.11
𝐼1 = = 17.942 𝐴 &
10 2 + 11.875−23.864 2
11.875 − 23.864
𝜑 1 = tan−1 = −50.168𝑜
10
 93.37
𝐼3 = = 3.173 𝐴
2
23.864
102 + 3 ∗ 11.875 − 3
&

23.864
3 ∗ 11.875 −
𝜑3 = tan −1 3 = 70.13𝑜
10
56.022
𝐼5 = = 1.102 A
2
23.864
102 + 5 ∗ 11.875 −
5
23.864
5 ∗ 11.875 −
𝜑5 = tan−1 5 = 79.622𝑜
10
40.016
𝐼7 = = 0.498 𝐴
2
23.864
102 + 7 ∗ 11.875 − 7
23.864
7 ∗ 11.875 −
𝜑7 = tan−1 7 = 85.5𝑜
10
𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒; 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑕𝑒𝑛 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦:
𝐼 𝑡 = 17.942 𝑠𝑖𝑛 377𝑡 + 50.168𝑜 + 3.173 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3 ∗ 377𝑡 − 70.13𝑜
+ 1.102 𝑠𝑖𝑛 5 ∗ 377𝑡 − 79.622𝑜 + 0.498 𝑠𝑖𝑛 7 ∗ 377𝑡 − 85.5𝑜 + ..
280.11 17.942
b- 𝑉1𝑅𝑀𝑆 = = 198.067 𝑉 & 𝐼1𝑅𝑀𝑆 = = 12.867 𝐴
2 2

4- A three-phase bridge inverter has a star connected resistive load R = 10 . The inverter
frequency is 100 Hz and the input dc voltage is Vs = 120 V. For 180-conduction determine:
a- The rms values of the output line voltage and current.
b- The rms values of the fundamental component of output line voltage and current.
c- The instantaneous output line voltage and current expressed in Fourier series.
Solution:

2 ∗ 2𝜋
𝑉𝐷𝐶 2
a- 𝑉𝐿𝐿𝑅𝑀𝑆 = 3
= 𝑉𝐷𝐶 = 97.98 𝑉 & 𝑉𝜑𝑅𝑀𝑆 =
𝜋 3

𝑉 𝐷𝐶 2 𝜋 2𝑉 𝐷𝐶 2 𝜋
2∗ ∗ + ∗ 2 4 6 2
3 3 3 3
= 𝑉𝐷𝐶 ∗ + = 𝑉𝐷𝐶 = 𝑉𝐷𝐶 =
𝜋 27 27 27 3
𝑉𝐿𝐿𝑅𝑀𝑆
= 56.568 𝑉
3
56.568
𝐼𝐿𝑅𝑀𝑆 = = 5.6568 𝐴
10
2∗ 3 1 6
b- 𝑉1𝑅𝑀𝑆 = 𝑉𝐷𝐶 ∗ = 𝑉𝐷𝐶 = 93.564 𝑉
𝜋 2 𝜋
 𝑉1𝑅𝑀𝑆
𝐼𝜑𝑅𝑀𝑆 = = 5.402 𝐴
3 𝑅
2 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛 5∗628.318 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛 7∗628.318 𝑡
c- 𝑉𝐿𝐿 𝑡 = ∗ 120 𝑠𝑖𝑛 628.318𝑡 − + −
𝜋 5 7
𝑠𝑖𝑛 5∗628.318 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛 7∗628.318 𝑡
… . . = 132.319 𝑠𝑖𝑛 628.318𝑡 − + − …..
5 7
132.319 𝑠𝑖𝑛 5∗628.318 𝜏 𝑠𝑖𝑛 7∗628.318𝜏
𝐼𝜑 (𝑡) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 628.318𝜏 − + − ….. =
3 ∗10 5 7
𝑠𝑖𝑛 5∗628.318𝜏 𝑠𝑖𝑛 7∗628.318 𝜏
= 7.64 𝑠𝑖𝑛 628.318𝜏 − + − …..
5 7

Where;
30
𝜏 = 𝑡 −
𝜔

5- Repeat problem (4) for three-phase 120-conduction inverter.

Solution:

2 𝑉𝐷𝐶
a- 𝑉𝜑𝑅𝑀𝑆 = = 0.8165 ∗ 60 = 48.989 𝑉
3 2

𝑉𝐿𝐿𝑅𝑀𝑆 = 3 𝑉𝜑𝑅𝑀𝑆 = 84.853 𝑉

𝐼𝐿𝑅𝑀𝑆 = 4.8989 𝐴
2 3 𝑉𝐷𝐶 1
b- 𝑉1𝜑𝑅𝑀𝑆 = ∗ = 46.782 𝑉
𝜋 2 2

𝑉1𝐿𝑅𝑀𝑆 = 3 ∗ 𝑉1𝜑𝑅𝑀𝑆 = 81.028 𝑉

46.782
𝐼𝐿𝑅𝑀𝑆 = = 4.6782 𝐴
10
𝑠𝑖𝑛 5∗628.318 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛 7∗628.318 𝑡
c- 𝑉𝜑 𝑡 = 66.1595 𝑠𝑖𝑛 628.318𝑡 − + − …..
5 7
𝑠𝑖𝑛 5∗628.318 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛 7∗628.318 𝑡
𝐼𝐿 𝑡 = 6.61595 𝑠𝑖𝑛 628.318𝑡 − + − …..
5 7

𝑠𝑖𝑛 5 ∗ 628.318 𝜏
𝑉𝐿𝐿 𝑡 = 114.592 𝑠𝑖𝑛 628.318𝜏 −
5
𝑠𝑖𝑛 7 ∗ 628.318 𝜏
+ − …..
7
30
𝜏 = 𝑡 +
𝜔
*************************************************