To be uploaded to CIE IGCSE Programme

Biology 0610 –Revision Test

Name: ________________________ Class: ____ Date: __ / __ / _____ First Semester 2010
Topic: Bacteria. Mark: out of [40] Duration: (45 min)
Dear Students, this revision test will cover everything related to bacteria related to in Biology 0610 Syllabus.
Answer ALL Questions.
1. When bacteria are spread onto agar in a Petri dish they form colonies. Each colony forms from one bacterium. Fig. 4.1
shows an investigation into antibiotic resistance in a species of bacterium that causes disease.

(a) Explain what is meant by the term antibiotic.

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(b) Explain why

(i) only a few bacteria grew in dish B compared with dish A,

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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

(ii) more bacteria grew in C than in B.

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(c) Fig. 4.1 shows the effect of an antibiotic on a species of disease-causing bacterium.

Suggest why antibiotics should not be used too often.

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(d) Explain the possible effect of the X-rays on the bacteria.

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(e) State two ways in which the structure of a bacterium differs from the structure of a virus.

1…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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2……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…… [2]

[Total: 11] 0610/32/M/J/10

2. Fig. 4.1 shows the change in percentage of disease-causing bacteria that were resistant to the antibiotic penicillin from
1991 to 1995.

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(a) (i) Describe the change in the percentage of bacteria resistant to penicillin between 1991 and 1995.

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(ii) Explain how a population of antibiotic-resistant bacteria can develop.

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…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…… [4]

(b) Although bacteria can cause disease, many species are useful in processes such as food production and maintaining
soil fertility.

(i) Name one type of food produced using bacteria.

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(ii) Outline the role of bacteria in maintaining soil fertility.

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(c) Bacteria are also used in genetic engineering.

Fig. 4.2 outlines the process of inserting human insulin genes into bacteria using genetic engineering.

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Complete the table below by identifying one of the stages shown in Fig. 4.2 that matches each description.

[5]

[Total: 15] 0610/03/O/N/06

3. The antibiotic penicillin is produced by fungi that are grown in a fermenter, as shown in Fig. 3.1. The process is similar
to the manufacture of enzymes.

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(a) (i) Name the two raw materials likely to be present in the feedstock.

1…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

2……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]

(ii) State the function of X.

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(iii) Suggest the name of the main gas present in the waste gases.

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(b) During the fermenting process, the temperature in the container would rise unless steps are taken to maintain a
constant temperature.

(i) Suggest a suitable temperature for the feedstock.

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(ii) Explain why the temperature rises.

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(iii) Explain why a constant temperature has to be maintained.

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(iv) Using the information from Fig. 3.1, suggest how a constant temperature is maintained.

……………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..… [1]

[Total: 10] 0610/31/O/N/08

4. (a) Penicillin can be used to treat bacterial infections.

Suggest why penicillin can be used to treat bacterial infections in humans.

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(b) Seven small paper discs were soaked in solutions of different antibiotics, A to G.

The paper discs were placed on an agar plate which was evenly covered with growing bacteria. This was left for a short
time. The results are shown in Fig. 3.4.

(i) Select which antibiotic, A to G, is most effective.

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(ii) Give a reason for this choice of antibiotic in (i).

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[Total: 4] 0610/62/M/J/10

IGCSE Programme
Biology 0610
Test

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Name: ________________________ Class: ____ Date: __ / __ / _____ First Semester 2010
Topic: Bacteria. Mark: out of [40] Duration: (45 min)

Mark Scheme & Material Related

1.

(a) drug / medicine(AW) / chemical / substance ; medicine / AW e.g. ‘(antibiotic) used to treat
produced by microorganisms ; infection’ is worth a mark
A ref to idea of synthetic analogues A examples e.g. penicillin qualified
kills / stops, growth of, bacteria / other microbes ; ‘penicillin is an antibiotic that kills bacteria/AW’
would gain 2 marks
[2] penicillin alone cannot score
R viruses

(b) (i) (most) were killed by the antibiotic ; ora [1]

(ii) (only) antibiotic-resistant bacteria transferred from B / (only)

resistant bacteria in C / fewer resistant bacteria in B / non-resistant bacteria were killed in B ; [1]

(c) resistant bacteria, survive / not killed / are selected for / selection pressure ; R references to immunity as
eventually, all / many, become resistant ; alternative to
AVP ; e.g. any consequence of overuse / antibiotic no longer effective ; [max resistance
2]

(d) X-rays caused mutations ; ALLOW radiation

change in DNA ;
ref to, gene / allele ;
mutation causes antibiotic resistance ; [max 3]

(e) assume answer is about bacteria unless told otherwise, accept ora / R nucleus in bacteria
AVP for viruses e.g. capsid IGNORE composition of cell wall
bacteria have cells ;
cell wall ;
cell membrane ;
cytoplasm ;
ribosome(s) ;
flagellum ;
capsule ;
AVP ;

[max 2]

2.

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3.

4. (a) human cells lack cell wall;

human cells not affected;
bacteria can’t grow / killed / weakened / unable to reproduce;

(b) (i) E; [1] more than one letter = 0

(ii) largest clear area surrounding disk /more bacteria are
affected / killed; [1]

Material Required for this Test:

Everything about Bacteria including:

- Classification of Bacteria

- Natural Selection in Bacteria

- Genetic Engineering

- Uses of bacteria and about the antibiotic penicillin, its manufacture, mechanism of action.

- Understand how mutation takes place in Bacteria .

- Role of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria in soil.