Early sexual Multiple sex Smokin Immunosuppr Long-term use of

interaction partners g ess oral

contraceptive

Pap smear Exposure to HPV

through sexual contact

Patient may be asymptomatic or may show signs of Flu-like symptoms: fever,

viral infection and then it may be gone without malaise, fatigue, body
making any major damage but in some cases it may aches .etc.
lead to dysplasia or precancerous cells.
These precancerous Pap smear: may show
>Cervical conization cells may lead to cervical dysplasia.
>LLETZ invasive cervical cancer.
>Endocervical
Curettage
Spread throughout > Genital warts
>Liquid based
cervix
cytology tests

As it grows larger it gathers more >Unusual and foul smelling vaginal

mutation and begins to burrow deeper discharges
to the muscle wall > Abdominal pain between periods.

Colcoscopy Spreads in vagina and uterus, >abnormal bleeding between

fallopian tubes, ovaries menses
>heavy menses
>Hysterectomy >bleeding after menopause
>radiation >painful intercourse
therapy >blood while having intercourse
>chemotherapy >infertility

Spreads in the pelvic wall, ureters, >Pelvic pain, back pain

urethra, bladder, rectum >painful urination
>hematuria
> blood in stool
>obstruction in ureter will lead to
back flow of urine to kidneys
leading to kidney failure

May spread to the pelvic lymph >engorged lymph nodes

nodes

From the lymph nodes it

>ung mga meaning ng diagnostic
may at treatment
metastasize to highlykau maglagay. AT PLS LANG
DAGDAGAN NIO KUNGvascular
ALAM NIONG
organ KULANG!!!!
like OK.
kidneys, lungs, liver etc.
> Ung mga ndi nio maintindihan jan bukas ko na ieexplain

>kung sakaling kulang man o may mali pls inform me agad para maresearch ko at
mabago.

>.^_^.

Conization
Doctors may perform a conization to detect the possible existence of cervical cancer. This
procedure is also called a cone biopsy because it involves removing a piece of tissue from the
cervix and cervical canal that is cone-shaped or cylindrical. The surgery is performed while a
patient is under general anesthetic. The doctor uses a scalpel called a cold-knife conization, a
laser or a device called an electrosurgical wire loop to remove the cervical tissue. The normal
thickness of the piece of tissue removed is approximately 1 centimeter although a thicker piece
may be removed.

Endocervical Curettage
Endocervical curettage is yet another procedure used to diagnose cervical cancer. Under local
anesthetic, the lining of the cervical canal will be scaped to examine the existence of any cancer
cells. A narrow instrument called a curette is used for this purpose. It is shaped like a scoop or a
spoon. This instrument is inserted into the passage located between the outer cervix and the
inner uterus to remove cervical cells.

Liquid based cytology tests

Liquid based tests are performed by using a special gentle brush to collect cells from the cervix.
Samples are then sent to a lab for examination in a liquid. Cells are examined on a glass slide
under a microscope.

LLETZ
Large loop excision of the transformation zone is used to remove cells that are marked
abnormal using a microscope. It is also reffered to as LEEP, which is an abbreviation for loop
electrosurgical excision procedure. After application of local anesthesia a thin wire is used to
remove cells. The zone with abnormal cells is called Transformational Zone.