Professional Documents
Culture Documents
In
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Session 2010-11
The acknowledgement is just a drop of water in the ocean of the deep sense of gratitude within our
hearts, for the people who help us out of the embarrassing part of our life when we are standing on the
most difficult step towards our dream of life.
First and foremost, we would like to express our gratitude to Ms. Renu Joshi (Principal, R.I.E.T) and Ms.
Shikha Chaudhary (H.O.D. of I.T.) for providing invaluable encouragement, guidance and assistance. We
are thankful to our Project Guide Mr. Rahul Sharma who devoted his precious time for us and rendered
his support and guidance to develop the project and retain its quality standards. After developing this
project we can confidently say that this experience has not only enriched us with technical knowledge
but also has unparsed the maturity of thoughts & vision, the attributes required being a successful
professional. The assistance provided by the teachers has really helped us a lot of to move with more
confidence in this competitive world.
We also wish to thanks our parents who always stand by us in our all decisions and without their help it
was not possible for us to reach at this place.
At last but not least we are very grateful to almighty God who provides us the energy and stamina to do
some creative work with efficiency and with ease.
Amit Kumar
(VIII Semester)
Information Technology
ABSTRACT
It is a desktop application.
It is a well developed programming language and supporting resources are available
everywhere. .
Uses a step-by-step approach hence working with Visual Basic files is an easy to use.
SQL is short for Structured Query Language and is a widely used database language, providing
means of data manipulation and database creation.
Its scope includes data insert, query, update and delete, schema creation and modification, and
data access control.
In this project attendance is done by the student through identity card.
Identity card is read by the bar code reader.
In bar code reader includes student name, branch name, roll no.
Student arrival time and departure time is also registered.
Short attendance, full attendance all these kind of alerts are also shown.
INDEX
Page
CONTENTS No.
CERTIFICATE i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii
ABSTRACT iii
CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1-6
1.1 Project Category 1
1.2 Requirements 1
1.3 FRONT END and BACK END used 2
1.3.1 FRONT END: VISUAL BASIC 6.0 2
1.3.2 BACK END: M S ACCESS 2007 3
CHAPTER 2 FEASIBILITY STUDY 5-6
2.1 Technical Feasibility 5
2.2 Economical Feasibility 5
2.3 Operational Feasibility 6
CHAPTER 3 DFD AND ER DIAGRAMS 7-12
3.2.1 ER Diagram 1 11
3.2.2 ER Diagram 2 12
4.9 Calculator 30
4.10 Notepad 30
LIST OF TABLES
8
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
The present century has been a revolution in information technology all over the
word. Attendance Management System is software developed for daily student
attendance in schools, colleges and institutes. If facilitates to access the attendance
information of a particular student in a particular class. The information is sorted by
the operators, which will be provided by the teacher for a particular class. This system
will also help in evaluating attendance eligibility criteria of a student.
The attendance management system using barcode reader project assists the
organization to maintain the attendance system easy.
PLATFORM USED:
1.2 REQUIREMENTS
Software Required:
Windows 7
9
Back End : MS Office (Access)
10
Hardware Requirements:
RAM : Min 64 MB
Barcode reader
Causes behind the uses of Visual Basic 6.0 as a Front End in this Project.
Visual Basic language is having several faces. One is Visual, which comprises of
objects and tools that easily assembles themselves into a modern Windows interface. Another
face is the Visual Basic language, which is an outcome of the original BASIC language.
BASIC (Beginners All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code). BASIC was invented in the early
1960s. It was intended to be as easy to understand and as close to layman language as
possible. Visual Basic has kept the BASIC tradition intact in this respect. It is one of the
easiest computer languages to work with and understand.
Design and
Build User
Interface Write Event-
Driven Code
Convet
to
runtime
and
11
Visual Basic is a challenging environment within which to work. Such a powerful and
flexible development system can't be mastered overnight. However, the benefits of learning
how to program in Visual Basic are considerable.
FEATURES
It's simple language. Things that may be difficult to program with other language can
be done in Visual Basic very easily.
Because Visual Basic is so popular, There are many good resources (Books, Web sites,
News groups and more that can help you learn the language. You can find the answers
to your programming problems much more easily than other programming languages.
You can find many tools (Sharewares and Freewares) on the internet that will Spare
you some programming time. For example, if you want to ping a user over the internet
in your program, Instead of writing the ping function yourself, you can download a
control that does it, and use it in your program. Compare to other languages, Visual
Basic have the widest variety of tools that you can download on the internet and use in
your programs.
Visual Basic is powerful language, but it's not suit for programming really
sophisticated games.
It's much slower than other languages.
Causes behind the uses of Microsoft Access database as a Back End in this Project.
A collection of data and objects related to a particular topic or purpose. A Microsoft Access
database may contain tables, queries, forms, reports, macros, modules, and shortcuts to data
12
access pages. The Microsoft Jet database engine manages data in tables that reside in the
database. Data in linked tables may reside in another Access database, in an external data
source such as dBASE or Microsoft Excel, or in an ODBC data source such as MS
ACCESS.
FEATURES
Stored procedures.
Popularity.
Easy to install.
13
CHAPTER 2
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Depending on the results of the initial investigation the survey is now expanded to a more
detailed feasibility study. “FEASIBILITY STUDY” is a test of system proposal according to
its workability, impact of the organization, ability to meet needs and effective use of the
resources.
A study of resource availability that may affect the ability to achieve an acceptable system.
This evaluation determines whether the technology needed for the proposed system is
available or not.
Can the work for the project be done with current equipment existing software technology
& available personal?
It involved estimating benefits and costs. These benefits and cost may be
tangible or intangible.
The economic and financial questions raised by analysts during the preliminary investigation
seek estimates of :
The cost of hardware and software for the class of application being considered.
14
2.3 OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY:
Proposed projects are of course beneficial only if they can be turned into information
systems that will meet the organization‘s operating requirements. Simply stated, this test
of feasibility asks if the system will work when developed and installed. Here are
questions that will help test the operational feasibility of a project:
Is there sufficient support for the project from the management? From users? If the
current system is well liked and used to the extent that persons will not see reasons for
a charge, there may be resistance.
Have the users been involved in the planning and development of the project ? Early
involvement reduces the chances of resistance to the system and charge in general, and
increase the likelihood of successful projects.
15
CHAPTER-3
Data-flow diagrams (DFDs) were introduced and popularized for structured analysis and
design (Gane and Sarson 1979). DFDs show the flow of data from external entities into the
system, showed how the data moved from one process to another, as well as its logical storage.
Rounded rectangles representing processes, which take data as input, do something to it,
and output it.
Arrows representing the data flows, which can either, be electronic data or physical
items.
DFDs are defined in levels with every level decreasing the level of abstraction as well as
defining a greater detail of the functional organs of the system. A zero level DFD also
known as context or fundamental system model represents the entire software elements as
a single bubble with input and output data entities which are indicated as incoming and
outgoing arrows. Data Flow Diagram helps understanding the basic flow of data from one
process to another process.
16
Fi
g 3.1.1: 0’Level DFD
Nothing is filled
Fig 3.1.2’-1Level DFD
17
Fig 3.1.4: 0’Level DFD
KNOW MORE
Fig 3.6-1’Level DFD
3.2 ER DIAGRAM
18
Entity Relation Diagram represents the object relationship pairs in graphical forms thus we can
say that the primary goal of ER diagrams is represent data objects along with their relationships.
Attributes which specify various properties of entities and relations involved in a system.
19
Fig 3.2.2: ER Diagram
20
CHAPTER-4
A barcode reader (or barcode scanner) is an electronic device for reading printed
barcodes. Like a flatbed scanner, it consists of a light source, a lens and a light sensor
translating optical impulses into electrical ones. Additionally, nearly all barcode readers
contain decoder circuitry analyzing the barcode's image data provided by the sensor and
sending the barcode's content to the scanner's output port.
Pen-type readers
Pen-type readers consist of a light source and a photodiode that are placed next to
each other in the tip of a pen. To read a bar code, the tip of the pen moves across the bars
in a steady motion. The photodiode measures the intensity of the light reflected back
from the light source and generates a waveform that is used to measure the widths of the
bars and spaces in the bar code. Dark bars in the bar code absorb light and white spaces
reflect light so that the voltage waveform generated by the photo diode is a representation
of the bar and space pattern in the bar code. This waveform is decoded by the scanner in
a manner similar to the way Morse code dots and dashes are decoded.
Laser scanners
Laser scanners work the same way as pen type readers except that they use a laser
beam as the light source and typically employ either a reciprocating mirror or a rotating
prism to scan the laser beam back and forth across the bar code. As with the pen type
reader, a photodiode is used to measure the intensity of the light reflected back from the
bar code. In both pen readers and laser scanners, the light emitted by the reader is rapidly
varied in brightness with a data pattern and the photodiode receive circuitry is designed to
detect only signals with the same modulated pattern.
21
CCD readers
CCD readers use an array of hundreds of tiny light sensors lined up in a row in the head of
the reader. Each sensor measures the intensity of the light immediately in front of it. Each
individual light sensor in the CCD reader is extremely small and because there are hundreds of
sensors lined up in a row, a voltage pattern identical to the pattern in a bar code is generated in
the reader by sequentially measuring the voltages across each sensor in the row. The important
difference between a CCD reader and a pen or laser scanner is that the CCD reader is measuring
emitted ambient light from the bar code whereas pen or laser scanners are measuring reflected
light of a specific frequency originating from the scanner itself.
Camera-based readers
Two-dimensional imaging scanners are the fourth and newest type of bar code reader. They
use a camera and image processing techniques to decode the bar code.
Video camera readers use small video cameras with the same CCD technology as in a
CCD bar code reader except that instead of having a single row of sensors, a video
camera has hundreds of rows of sensors arranged in a two dimensional array so that they
can generate an image.
Large field-of-view readers use high resolution industrial cameras to capture multiple
bar codes simultaneously. All the bar codes appearing in the photo are decoded.
Omni-directional barcode scanners
Omni-directional scanning uses "series of straight or curved scanning lines of varying
directions in the form of a starburst, a lissajous pattern, or other multiangle arrangement
are projected at the symbol and one or more of them will be able to cross all of the
symbol's bars and spaces, no matter what the orientation."
Omni-directional scanners almost all use a laser. Unlike the simpler single-line laser
scanners, they produce a pattern of beams in varying orientations allowing them to read
barcodes presented to it at different angles. Most of them use a single rotating polygonal
mirror and an arrangement of several fixed mirrors to generate their complex scan
patterns.
Cell phone cameras
22
While cell phone cameras without auto-focus are not ideal for reading some common
barcode formats, there are 2D barcodes which are optimized for cell phones, as well as
QR Codes and Data Matrix codes which can be read quickly and accurately with or
without auto-focus. These open up a number of applications for consumers:
Book catalogs
Groceries, nutrition information, making shopping lists when the last of an item is used,
etc.
Brick and mortar shopping: Portable scanners can be used to record items of interest for
looking up online at home.
Personal finance. Receipts can be tagged with a barcode label and the barcode scanned
into personal finance software when entering. Later, scanned receipt images can then be
automatically associated with the appropriate entries. Later, the bar codes can be used to
rapidly weed out paper copies not required to be retained for tax or asset inventory
purposes.
23
4.2 RESOLUTION
The scanner resolution is measured by the size of the dot of light emitted by the reader. If
this dot of light is wider than any bar or space in the bar code, then it will overlap two elements
(two spaces or two bars) and it may produce wrong output. On the other hand, if a too small dot
of light is used, then it can misinterpret any spot on the bar code making the final output wrong.
The most commonly used dimension is 13 miles (0.33 mm), although some scanners can read
codes
Each barcode has specific symbols defined as a series of bars in a barcode. The way to
differentiate the barcode is by the height and width as well as the bar spacing. Each strip of bar
can represent a number, character or alphanumeric character depending on which type of barcode
symbology set is used.
Usually a barcode contains a start and end bar to denote the starting and ending point of the
barcode. Sometimes, there is an additional bar called the checksum bar. The purpose of the
checksum bar is used to determine whether the barcode is correct after calculation and ensures
the accuracy of the barcode.
The barcode scanner’s photo sensors can then read the barcodes and convert them to electrical
pulses. Since each strip of bar is equivalent to a character, the barcode software can easily
convert these electrical pulses into readable text that can be displayed on a monitor. This process
is actually very fast and only takes a few milliseconds.
Nowadays there are many varieties of barcode scanners models. Their usage depends a lot on the
type of industry and the work of environment. Such Examples are desktop models.
24
4.4 BAR CODE CREATOR
Barcode scanners are relatively low cost and extremely accurate compared to key-entry, with
only about 1 substitution error in 15,000 to 36 trillion characters entered. [18][unreliable source?] The exact
error rate depends on the type of barcode.
GTIN12- the symbol to indicate Quiet Zones that are necessary for barcode scanners to work
properly
EAN-13 (GTIN-13) number indicate Quiet Zones that are necessary for barcode scanners to
work properly
Code 93
25
Code 128
PDF417 sample
Text 'EZcode'
26
High Capacity Color Barcode of the URL for Wikipedia's article on High Capacity Color
Barcode
Two different 2D barcodes used in film: Dolby Digitalbetween the sprocket holes with the
"Double-D" logo in the middle, andSony Dynamic Digital Sound in the blue area to the left of
the sprocket holes
27
The QR Code for the Wikipedia URL. "Quick Response", the most popular 2D barcode in Japan,
is promoted by Google. It is open in that the specification is disclosed and the patentis not
exercised.[29]
ShotCode sample
28
4.5 TOP BARCODE SCANNERS
Metrologic MS9535
PSC Powerscan RF Symbol LS 3478 ER
VoyagerBT
29
CHAPTER 5
PROJECT ANALYSIS
1. A system, which maintain the record of all students connected to the Server possess
3. Server controls and manages the student like loging, logout the st.udent.
5. The Server can shutdown and restart the student machines directly from the Server’s
Side.
7. A status window is displayed on the student side after successful login, which displays
the duration of session.
8. Sale of Products of different types can be maintained, Products sale can be either counter
sale or it can be a clients order.
9. Records of every students are maintained with their identity proofs and a unique proof id
is allotted to them.
5.1 OBJECTIVE:
The primary objective of this feasibility report is to inform The objective of proposed system
would be to overcome the problem faced in the manual system. Updating records would not be a
problem and also cross checking of records in the proposed system would not be required.
There is a increased risk of error in the manual system. Redundancy of data creeps in the manual
system and it becomes a very time consuming job to search information about any Medicine and
to prepare reports. This burden can be reduced by making the shop related whole process
automated right from the beginning.
In view of the above problems, a proposed automated management system is strongly needed.
30
What are the problem with conventional (manual) system?
What are the goals and sub goals of the new system?
The benefits, the system will give over conventional (Manual) System?
A Project design (software engineering paradigm) or a process model. A process model for
software engineering is chosen based on the nature of the project and application, the methods
and tools to be used, and the controls and deliverables that are required.
Sometimes called the classic life cycle or the waterfall model, the linear
sequential model suggest a systematic, sequential approach to software development that
begins at the system level and progresses through analysis, design, coding, testing, and
support. Below figure illustrate the linear sequential model for software engineering.
31
Design
Code generation
The design must be translated into a machine–readable form. The code generation
step performs this task. If design is performed in a detailed manner, code generation can
be accomplished mechanistically.
Testing
Once code has been generated, program testing begins. The testing process focuses on the
logical internals of the software, ensuring that all statements have been tested, and on the
functional external; that is, conducting tests to uncover errors and ensure that defined input
will produce actual result that agree with required results.
Support
32
time in calculation. At the end of session the students who don’t have 75% attendance get a
notice.
Not User Friendly: The existing system is not user friendly because the retrieval of data
is very slow and data is not maintained efficiently.
Difficulty in report generating: We require more calculations to generate the report so
it is generated at the end of the session. And the student not get a single chance to
improve their attendance
Manual control: All calculations to generate report is done manually so there is greater
chance of errors.
Lots of paperwork: Existing system requires lot of paper work. Loss of even a single
register/record led to difficult situation because all the papers are needed to generate the
reports.
Time consuming: Every work is done manually so we cannot generate report in the
middle of the session or as per the requirement because it is very time consuming.
33
CONCLUSION
The Attendance Management System is developed using Visual Basic fully meets the
objectives of the system which it has been developed. The system has reached a steady
state where all bugs have been eliminated. The system is operated at a high level of
efficiency and all the teachers and user associated with the system understands its
advantage. The system solves the problem. It was intended to solve as requirement
specification.
Developing attendance management system is to computerized the tradition way of
taking attendance. Another purpose for developing this software is to generate the report
automatically at the end of the session or in the between of the session.
34
FUTURE SCOPE
The scope of the project is the system on which the software is installed, i.e. the project is
developed as a desktop application, and it will work for a particular institute. But later on
the project can be modified to operate it online.
In future we can use it in library also as well as in classes for attendance. We can attach
software to it that gives the information of particular student to its parent’s mobile
number also.
35
REFERENCE AND BIBILOGRAPHY
REFERENCE
1. www.microsoft.com
2. www.w3schools.com
3. www.dotnetspider.com
BIBILOGRAPHY
1. The complete Reference Visual Basic
2. Beginning VB (Wrox Publication)
3. System Analysis and Design – Alias M. Awad
4. Software Engineering – Roger Pressman
36