Mote Application Note: ATmega 128 Programming Problems and Fuse Control

UISP Parallel Port Problems

Some users experience problems with the UISP firmware download program. These
problems manifest themselves in several modes:
1. UISP cannot detect the presence of the ATmega128 processor on the Mote
processor board (MPR).
2. Once programmed the part cannot be reprogrammed.
3. Flash errors occur after download, during the verify cycle.

Assuming that the MIB programming board is correctly connected to the PC and the
mote power supply/battery voltage is adequate, one of the following is generally the
cause of these problems:
1. The PC printer port driver is not supported correctly by the UISP program.
2. The PC is outputting serial programming data to the mote too fast.

If either of these issues occurs, the ATmega’s fuses may become set incorrectly during
the programming process. Depending on which fuses get incorrectly set, this can be fatal
and require replacement of the COU chip. Normally, the fuses can be reset to the correct
state using the UISP program with fuse control or a JTAG ice.

The following items should be checked if problems occur:

1. Use the simplest printer port driver in the BIOS. These drivers go by various
name (SPP, AT..). The printer driver EPP and ECP can cause these problems. To
change the driver, reboot the computer, enter the bios (before Windows boots)
then change the printer driver.
2. In the makerules file (tinyos/apps directory) slow down the uisp clock. Replace
the following:

PROGRAMMER_FLAGS=-dprog=dapa $(PROGRAMMER_EXTRA_FLAGS)

With:
PROGRAMMER_FLAGS=-dprog=dapa –dt_sck=40 $(PROGRAMMER_EXTRA_FLAGS)

This will slow down the uisp serial clock to 80usec (40 hi, 40lo)
Faster times may also work.

3. If using batteries, check the battery voltage. If the battery voltage is less than 3.0V
the flash may not be reprogrammed correctly. This can also cause the
ATmega128 fuses to be set incorrectly which will defeat any further
reprogramming. Users are advised to use a Crossbow MIB500 interface board that
detects low battery voltages. This unit also accepts an external wall mounted
power supply. (5-15VDC)

ATmega128 FUSE CONTROL

This is a procedure for controlling ATmega processor fuses via a PC parallel port.

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Mote Application Note: ATmega 128 Programming Problems and Fuse Control

The setup is identical as used for general UISP programming of a MICA Mote (eg make
install.15 mica)

Configuration

You must use a version of UISP.exe that is v2002.06.26 or later.

To determine the uisp.exe version:

At cygwin prompt:
uisp –h

The following should be returned:

uisp version 20020626

(c) 1997-1999 Uros Platise, 2000-2002 Marek Michalkiewicz

uisp is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License.

You are welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under
the conditions of the GNU General Public License.

Syntax: uisp [-v{=level}] [-h] [--help] [--version] [--hash=perbytes]

[-dprog=avr910|pavr|stk500] [-dprog=type]
[-dlpt=address|/dev/parportX] [-dno-poll] [-dno-retry]
[-dvoltage=...] [-dt_sck=time] [-dt_wd_{flash|eeprom}=time]
[-dt_reset=time] [-dinvert=sck,mosi,miso,reset]
[-dserial=device] [-dpart=name|no]
[-dspeed=1200|2400|4800|9600|19200|38400|57600|115200]
[--upload] [--verify] [--erase] [if=input_file]
[--download] [of=output_file]
[--segment=flash|eeprom|fuse] [--terminal]
[--rd_fuses] [--wr_fuse_l=byte] [--wr_fuse_h=byte]
[--wr_fuse_e=byte] [--wr_lock=byte]

Programming Methods:
-dprog=avr910 Standard Atmel Serial Programmer/Atmel Low Cost Programmer
pavr http://avr.jpk.co.nz/pavr/pavr.html
stk500 Atmel STK500
-dprog=dapa|stk200|abb|avrisp|bsd|fbprg|dt006|maxi|dasa|dasa2
Programmer type:
dapa Direct AVR Parallel Access
stk200 Parallel Starter Kit STK200, STK300
abb Altera ByteBlasterMV Parallel Port Download Cable
avrisp Atmel AVR ISP (?)
bsd http://www.bsdhome.com/avrprog/ (parallel)
fbprg http://ln.com.ua/~real/avreal/adapters.html (parallel)
dt006 http://www.dontronics.com/dt006.html (parallel)
maxi Investment Technologies Maxi (parallel)
dasa serial (RESET=RTS SCK=DTR MOSI=TXD MISO=CTS)
dasa2 serial (RESET=!TXD SCK=RTS MOSI=DTR MISO=CTS)

Parallel Device Settings:

-dlpt= specify device name (Linux ppdev, FreeBSD ppi, serial)
or direct I/O parallel port address (0x378, 0x278, 0x3BC)
-dno-poll Program without data polling (a little slower)
-dno-retry Disable retries of program enable command
-dvoltage Set timing specs according to the power supply voltage in [V]
(default 3.0)
-dt_sck Set minimum SCK high/low time in micro-seconds (default 5)
-dt_wd_flash Set FLASH maximum write delay time in micro-seconds
-dt_wd_eeprom Set EEPROM maximum write delay time in micro-seconds
-dt_reset Set reset inactive (high) time in micro-seconds
-dinvert=... Invert specified lines
Use -v=3 option to see current settings.

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Mote Application Note: ATmega 128 Programming Problems and Fuse Control

Atmel Low Cost Programmer Serial Device Settings:

-dserial Set serial interface as /dev/ttyS* (default /dev/avr)
-dpart Set target abbreviated name or number
If -dpart is not given programmer's supported devices
are listed. Set -dpart=auto for auto-select.
-dspeed Set speed of the serial interface (default 19200)

Functions:
--upload Upload "input_file" to the AVR memory.
--verify Verify "input_file" (processed after the --upload opt.)
--download Download AVR memory to "output_file" or stdout.
--erase Erase device.
--segment Set active segment (auto-select for AVA Motorola output)

Fuse/Lock Bit Operations:

--rd_fuses Read all fuses and print values to stdout
--wr_fuse_l Write fuse low byte
--wr_fuse_h Write fuse high byte
--wr_fuse_e Write fuse extended byte
--wr_lock Write lock bits. Argument is a byte where each bit is:
Bit5 -> blb12
Bit4 -> blb11
Bit3 -> blb02
Bit2 -> blb01
Bit1 -> lb2
Bit0 -> lb1
--lock Write lock bits [old method; deprecated].

Files:
if Input file for the --upload and --verify functions in
Motorola S-records (S1 or S2) or 16 bit Intel format
of Output file for the --download function in
Motorola S-records format, default is standard output

Other Options:
-v Set verbose level (-v equals -v=2, min/max: 0/3, default 1)
--hash Print hash (default is 32 bytes)
--help -h Help
--version Print version information
--terminal Invoke shell-like terminal

Report bugs to: Maintainers <uisp-dev@mail.freesoftware.fsf.org>

Updates: http://freesoftware.fsf.org/download/uisp/

If the version is not correct:

1. Install UISP v 2002.06.26 or later. Usually this is installed in cygwin folder

under ..\usr\local\bin
2. Install and run giveio.sys driver if running under NT/2000/XP as follows (you
need giveio.sys and loaddrv.exe. A source of both is at National Semiconductor.

Windows2000 driver installation procedure-----------

1. Log onto Windows2000 as the User/Administrator

2. Go to "Start - Programs - NatSemi"
Invoke the LoadDrv utility
(or go to C:\Program Files\National Semiconductor\SNAPS\WIN2000\LoadDrv)
3. Modify the path and add "giveio.sys" into the path
(The default path should be
C:\winnt\system32\drivers\giveio.sys)
Click Install

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Mote Application Note: ATmega 128 Programming Problems and Fuse Control

Click Start
4. Go to "Start - Control Panel - System - Hardware- Device Manager"
Under "View", click "Show hidden device"
Under "Non-Plug and Play Drivers", click "Giveio"
Go to "Driver" tab, change the "Startup type" from "Demand" to
"Automatic" ---*A

Note
If it is not successful, install the Window2000 Recovery Console
(if not installed already):
- Insert the Windows2000 installation CD, go to
directory "i386" and enter the command "winnt32 /cmdcons"
- Select the Window2000 installation you want to log onto
(ussually 1)
- Change the start option of the giveio.sys driver to "automatic"
by entering the command "enable giveio service_auto_start"
Invoke the LoadDrv utility and start the driver

WindowsXP driver installation procedure-----------

1. Log onto WindowsXP

2. Go to "Start - All Programs - NatSemi"
Invoke the LoadDrv utility
(or go to C:\Program Files\National Semiconductor\SNAPS\WIN2000\LoadDrv)
3. Check the path and add "giveio.sys" into the path
(The default path should be C:\windows\system32\drivers\giveio.sys)
Click Install
Click Start
4. Reboot
5. Go to "Start - Control Panel - Performance and Maintenance - System"
Under "Hardware" tab, click "Device Manager"
Under "View", click "Show hidden device"
Under "Non-Plug and Play Drivers", click "Giveio"
Go to "Driver" tab, change the "Startup type" from "Demand" to "Automatic"
Click "Start"

Trouble Shooting--------------------

- IBM Thinkpad laptop

For EPP parallel port mode, don't use address 0x3BC (which is
the default address setting in Thinkpad)
0x3BC causes address conlict with video display resulting black
screen when SNAPS is launched, press 'Function F7' to set the

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Mote Application Note: ATmega 128 Programming Problems and Fuse Control

screen back to normal

Solution:
Change the EEP address to 0x378 or 0x278
Go to "Control Panel - Thinkpad Icon - Parallel Port - Resources"
Unclick 'Use automatic setting', change 'Basic configuration'

- Notebook which doesn't have EPP

Change BIOS configuration to Bi-directional parallel port
Use SPP port mode in SNAPS
See the list of laptop that has been tested with SNAPS in User
Guide Appendix C

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Mote Application Note: ATmega 128 Programming Problems and Fuse Control

To Program Fuses via UISP

1. Run CYGWIN
2. Install MICA PROGRAMMING module (w/ Mica mote installed) on LPT1:
port of PC. Power up board – power is NOT available from LPT1 port.

At Cygwin prompt (assumed to be ‘$’):

$ uisp -dprog=dapa --rd_fuses//note the two (2) dashes - - in front of ‘rd_fuses’

Atmel AVR ATmega128 is found.
pulse

Fuse Low Byte = 0xfe

Fuse High Byte = 0x19
Fuse Extended Byte = 0xfd
Calibration Byte = 0xa8 -- Read Only
Lock Bits = 0xff
BLB12 -> 1
BLB11 -> 1
BLB02 -> 1
BLB01 -> 1
LB2 -> 1
LB1 -> 1

This indicates everything is working ok.

To disable JTAG and ONCHIP DEBUGGING (doing so is necessary for correct

operation of the PZ Sensor module):

$uisp –dprog=dapa --wr_fuse_h=0xD9

To enable JTAG (doing so is required for JTAG download and debugging):

$uisp –dprog=dapa --wr_fuse_h=0x19

It is recommended the fuse state be verified by reading the settings following a write:
$uisp –dprog=dapa --d_fuses

For More Information or Help--------------------

Contact techsupport@xbow.com

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