Answers

15_NC_Maths9_Stages_5.2/5.
3_ans Page 540 Friday, February 6, 2004 1:55 PM
Answers
Chapter 1 12 a
Start up
1 a 18 b 18 c −2 d6 e 64 f 23
1 3 6 10 15 21
2 a $44.95 b $17.80 c $8.05
3 a 7
------ b 2
--- c 1 1--- d 1 1--- b
20 5 8 5
4 a 20% b 70% c 8% d 150% e 35.5%
5 a 0.3 b 0.15 c 1.75 d 0.65 e 0.025 1 4 9 16 25
6 a $8.40 b 16 c 28 d 12 e 29 f 10 c 35, 51
d 1, 6, 15, 28, 45
Exercise 1-01
1 a 6, 12, 20, 30, 42 Skillbank 1A
b The sum of the first two even numbers is 2 × 3, 2 a 360 b 5700 c 9420 d 86 200
the sum of the first three even numbers is e 320 f 3200 g 18 000 h 16 000
3 × 4, … . i 3000 j 9600 k 4500 l 400
c i 72 ii 110 iii 342 iv 2550 m 4400 n 6000 o 1500 p 20 000
2 a 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64 q 120 000 r 3500 s 140 000 t 45 000
b The sum of the first n odd numbers is n2.
c i 100 ii 225 iii 1600 iv 10 000 Exercise 1-02
3 a 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, 36, 45, 55
--3-
19- --8-
47- 31- 19-
b 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100 1 a b ----- c d ----- e ----- f -----
2 5 3 8 4 8
c 1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216, 343, 512, 729, 1000
2 a 3 1--- b 1 4--- c 2 1--- d 7 1--- 3-
e 6 ----- f 7 5---
d 1, 36 2 5 4 3 11 6
e 1, 64 3 a 14 b4 c 15 d 63 e 33
f A square number f 9 g 6 h6 i 10 j 9
g A triangular number
4 a --3- b − --3- c 9-
----- d --1- e − -----
9-
f − --2-
4 a The pattern begins with 1. Each number that 4 5 11 3 11 3
follows is the sum of the two preceding 5 a 31, 32, 33 or 34 b 10, 11
numbers. c 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 or 23
b 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610 d 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46 or 47
c i every 4th number ii every 5th number 6 a B, D b A, C D c C
iii every 6th number iv every 7th number d C e B f A, D
v every 8th number 7 a 5 b 8, 9, 10 or 11
5 a 0 b0 c 0 c 10, 11 or 12 d 6, 7, 8 or 9
d The sum of any ten consecutive Fibonacci
numbers is divisible by 11. Exercise 1-03
6 a The 12th number (= 144) 1 a b c d
b The 6th number (= 8) e f g h
7 Check with teacher. 2
2 a --- , 4--- , 5
--- b 5
--- , 3--- , 4
--- c 1
--- , 1--- , 4--- , 3
---
8 3 and 5; 5 and 7; 11 and 13; 17 and 19; 29 and 3 5 6 7 4 5 3 2 7 5
31; 41 and 43; 59 and 61; 71 and 73 3 a 3
--- , --2- , 3
--- b 5
--- , --2- , 5
--- c 4
--- , --2- , --1- , 5
------
9 a 28 = 1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 14 4 3 5 7 3 8 5 3 2 11
b 496 = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 31 + 62 + 124 + 248

10 a i 1001 ii 1 000 001 Exercise 1-04
b i 999 ii 999 999 1 a 3
--- b 2
--- c 1
--- d 5
--- e 6
--- f 1
---
5 3 3 6 7 2
c 2002
5 1 7
11 a 99 b 848 c 44 044 2 a 1 -----
- b 1 -----
- c 1 -----
- d 1 13
------
3
e 1 -----
-
12 14 15 24 40
3 a − 1--- b 11
------ c − -----
2-
d 1
--- e − -----
1-
8 30 15 3 15
540 N E W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 9 : S T A G ES 5.2/ 5.3

15_NC_Maths9_Stages_5.2/5.3_ans Page 541 Friday, February 6, 2004 1:55 PM
4 a 5 11
------
7
b 5 -----
-
1
c 11 ----- 7
- d 4 ------ e 6 1--- 2 a 13.2 b 1.2322 c 33.02
15 20 20 20 6 d 0.066 e 3.9210 f 35.7
7 7
f 4 -----
- g ------ h 10 17 5
------ i 10 --- j 1 3--- g 1.304 h 1.22 i 3.0
15 10 20 7 4
j 11 k 13.7571 l 4.6
1 1
5 a --- b 3 -----
- c 2 1--- m d 1
------ e 4
------ m 1322.222 n 1.23
6 12 8 12 15
Exercise 1-05 Exercise 1-09

1 a 38 b 9000 c 68.4
6- 1--- 7 12 1---
1 a ----- b c ------ d ------ e d 3 e 16.0 f 64 000
25 4 16 55 2
2 a 4 4--- b 4 1--- c 4 2--- d 15 e 3 3--- g 1 800 000 h 389 800 i 200 000
5 2 3 4 2 a 0.06 b 0.70 c 0.85
3 a 48 b 3 --3- m c $9.50 d 12 kg d 0.000 02 e 0.0876 f 0.039
4
e $59.50 f 12.5 km g $4.50 h 27.5m g 0.800 h 0.000 040 00 i 1
1 3 a 3 b2 c 2 d5
4 a 1-----
- b 9 1--- c 4 1--- d 911
------
1-
e 3-----
15 2 4 12 16 e 1 f 1 g 3 h5
f 28 4--- g 8 5--- h 3---
i 8 1--- j 3 i 2 j 2 k3 l 6
7 6 7 7
4 a 7.5 b 5710 c 400 d 0.007 660
5 a 9 b 4 1--- h = 4 h 7 1--- min c $312.50 e 0.507 f 11 000 g 1860 h 0.0008
8 2
i 60 000 000
Exercise 1-06 5 a $28 000 000, two significant figures.
b $30 000 000, one significant figure.
1 a --4- = 1 --1- b − --1- c 5-
----- d 8-
----- e − --2-
3 3 7 12 27 5 6 a 5 b 14 400 c 4 100 000
2 a 1 1--- b 1 1--- c 3
--- d 1
--- e 5
------ 7 a 180 b −5 c 6.16 d −4.176
5 6 5 5 16
e 3.8627 f 0.179 g 0.74 092 h 0.7435
3 a 8 1--- b 3 1--- c 1 11
------ d 48 e 2 13
------ i 0.06 j 0.67 k 33 300 l 0.6565
4 3 25 21
f 2 g 4 12
------ h 34
1 -
----- i 93-
-------- j 1 29
------
8 a 5000 b 5000 c 5000 d 5002
25 35 100 51
4 a 25 b $1200 c 70 d 84 kg e 16 Exercise 1-10
1 a 20 + 30 = 50 b 200 + 100 = 300
Exercise 1-07 c 50 − 20 = 30 d 760 − 20 = 740
1 a 1
--- b 3
------ c 2
--- d 3
--- e 930 − 130 = 800 f 6 × 20 = 120
3 10 5 4
g 50 × 8 = 400 h 80 × 10 = 800
2--- 1--- 3--- 11
e
5
f
2
g
5
h ------
17 i 90 ÷ 10 = 9 j 750 ÷ 5 = 150
1 1 3 3 1
k 20 ÷ 10 = 2 l 900 ÷ 90 = 10
2 a ------ b ------ c ------ d ------ e ---
6 × 10
12 10 10 10 3
2 a --------------- = 30 b 700 000 ÷ 2 = 350 000
2
1 1 3 2
f --- g ------ h ------ i ---
c 40 ÷ 20 = 2 d 800 ÷ 40 × 4 = 80
5 20 20 3
( 300 – 100 )
3 a 7
------ b 7
------ c 3
--- d 5
--- e 3
--- e 100 = 10 f ----------------------------- =4
10 16 7 8 7 50
8- 11 g (100 + 150) ÷ 50 = 5
4 a ----- b ------
19 19 h 10 + 5 × 10 = 60
5 1
--- 6 13
------
i 100 × 9 + 100 × 7 = 1600
5 20
------------------ =
30 + 60
j 6
25 – 10
Skillbank 1B k 82 = 64 l 52 ÷ 25 = 1
2 a 5600 b 11 700 c 390 d 7700 3 a B bC c A dB e D
e 6400 f 35 200 g 1300 h 9300 4 a A bC c D dB
i 7930
4 a 630 b 3900 c 16 000 d 3800 Exercise 1-11 . . .
e 1570 f 2700 g 68 000 h 840 1 a 0.625,
. T b 0.428 571, R c 0.7, R
i 37 800 d 0.83,. R e 1.2,
. T f 6.8,
. .T
g 0.416, R h 4.3, R i 0.45, R
Exercise 1-08 j 0.35, T
1 a 39.06 b 100.5 c 7.378 d 0.0 2 a 1
--- b 7-
----- c 1
--- d 9-
-----
5 10 4 20
e 0.05 f 15 g 246 h 2.2
12 1 1 61
i 43.000 e ------ f --------- g ------ h ---------
25 200 40 200
ANSWERS 541
i 33
------
40
j 2 4---
5
9
k 1 -----
20
-
1
l 3 -----
-
20
Exercise 1-15
13 21 5 1 1 a 14 b $1144 c $3.75
m 2 --------
- n ------------------- o 4-
-- p 10 --------
-
200 100 000 8 100 d 19.8 kg e 2.4 m f 24 L
11 5 g 156 g h 190 km
3 a ------ b --- c 0.69 d 0.8
20 8
2 a $2.25 b 0.84 m c $29.18
7- 6--- 7
4 a ----- , , 0.678, 0.68, ------ d 4L e 81 kg f $78.10
11 9 10
b 0.34, 1--- , 13 8
------ , ------ , 0.305 g $40 h 0.9 km i 16 t
3 40 25
3 a 28% b 66 240
4 24 5 $35 200 6 105 g
Exercise 1-12 7 a 11 250 b 86 250
2 2 7 7
1 a --- b --- c ------ d ------ 8 $17 325 9 4.62 g
9 3 45 18
163 65 31 103
e --------- f ------ g ------ h ---------
225 99 99 165 Exercise 1-16
17 832 1- 25- 1 a 72 kg b 44.8 km c 82.8
i --------- j --------- k ----- l -----
111 999 30 33
d $2460 e 85.6 kg f 63.84 L
m 1 73
------ 1-
n 2 ----- 26-
o 1 -------- 2 a 82.8 L b $568.75 c $110
99 45 165
1 2
d 2.6 km e $106.50 f $866.88
2 a --- b ---
3 3 3 $835.76
4 a $73 b $438
Exercise 1-13 5 $102 6 $15 895 7 $259.60
7 18 19 2 2 8 $3.44 9 $59 020.80
1 a ------ b ------ c ------ d ------ e ---
20 25 20 25 5
4 9
10 a $1020 b $714 c $114
f --- g ------ h 1 1--- i 3 1--- 1
j 1 -----
-
5 50 5 4 20 11 a $408 b $391.68
k 1 2--- l 12
------ m 1 11 ------ n 6 3--- o 1 1--- 12 $84.15
5 25 20 4 2
2 a --1- b 1-
c 1-
d 17-
e 21-
8
-----
40
-----
12
--------
400
--------
200 Exercise 1-17
11 1 11 1 3
f ------ g --- h --------
- i --- j --- 1 a 80%
. b 95% c 70%.
80 3 200 6 8
2--- 1- 1 3- 5- d 6.6% e 6% f 33.3%
k l -------- m ------ n -------- o ----- .
3 200 15 200 12
2 a 33.3% b 60% c 14.375%
3 a 0.55 b 1.33 c 0.46 d 0.05 .
e 0.024 f 2 g 0.095 h 0.0525 d 37.5% e 20.83% f 14.4%
i 0.12 . j 0.003 k 0.125 l 0.2525 3 History (history 70%, science 68%)
m 0.083 n 0.109 o 3.5 4 a $350 b 70%
5 a $800 b 11.4%
Exercise 1-14 6 1.11%
1 a 37.5% b 45%. . c 75% d 250% 7 a $52 b 11.3%
e 85% f 63.63% g 32% h 20% 8 a $150 b 42.9%
i 60% . j 125%
. k 260% l 400% 9 39% 10 23% 11 6.2% 12 64.2%
m 233.3% n 66.6% o 62.5% 13 a $102 b $78 c 43.3%
2 a 50% b 186% c 35% d 170% 14 a $165 b 120%
e 0.8% f 239% g 20% h 25% 15 a $4800 b 75%
3 a 31% b 80% c 65% d 87.5%
e 56%. f 17.5% g 72% h 61%. Exercise 1-18
i 83.3% j 130% k 260% l 566.6%
1 a 108 b 110 c 64
m 487.5% n 352% o 72.5%
d 130 e 256 f 120
3
4 a 0.57 b --- c 18% 2 $8000 3 $2250 4 $640 5 40
5
12 6 $32 000
5 a ------ b 40% c 130%
25
7 a 60 kg b 57 kg
6 a --1- , 55%, --4- , 0.59 8 a $625 b $93.75
2 7
17
b ------ , 0.79, 3--- , 72% 9 a 409 b 660 c 3200 mm d 800
20 4
19 11 e $36 f 384 g 518 kg h 72
c 77%, 0.764, ------ , ------ , 7.95%
25 40 i 132 j 50 m k 20 l 58 km
10 200 11 $41 690.65
12 $485 13 $3667 14 1200 g
542 N E W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 9 : S T A G E S 5.2/ 5.3

Power plus Chapter 2

1 a 1
--- + 1
------ b 1
--- + 1
--- c 1
--- + 1
--- + 1
------
2 10 3 9 4 8 40
Start up
d 1
--- + 1
--- e 1
--- + 1
--- + 1
------ + 1
------
1 a 8y b 9y − 9 c 10ab
4 8 4 8 16 32
d 9a + 5y e 9ab f 26 + xy
f 1
--- + 1---
2 5 g 3y2 + 2y h 20ay i 6x + 5
2 1
--- + 1--- , 1---
+ 1
--- + 1-
----- , 1---
+ 1---
+ 1
------ , 1---
+ 1-
----- + 1
------ + 1-
----- j 20abc − 3ab c
2 2 k 6m − 5m
2
2 6 4 3 12 2 8 24 2 12 16 48
l −5p2q + 4pq2
3 a 1
--- + 1
--- = 16
------ and 162 + 632 = 652 2 a 18xy b − 6w2 c 12ap
7 9 63
d 50m2 e 8y3 f 15a2c
b 1
------ + 1
------ = 24
--------- and 242 + 1432 = 1452
11 13 143 3 a 4a b 4y c 4ab
1
--- + 1---
= 12
------ and 122 + 352 = 372 d ay
------ e 6a f 5bc
5 7 35 2
4 Check with teacher. 4 a 36 b −36 c 15 d 2 e − 4.5 f 0
5 Irrational numbers are a, d, e and f. 5 a 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 b 1, 3, 9, 27
6 a The square of any number is always positive. c 1, 3, 9, x, 3x, 9x
b The cube of a negative number is negative. d 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, ab, 2ab, 4ab, 8ab, 16ab, a, 2a,
9 One possible answer is 4a, 8a, 16a, b, 2b, 4b, 8b, 16b
--- + --- + ------ + -----
- + ------ + --------- + --------- .
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 a 2 b 10 c 3 dx e 8a f 4
2 3 12 18 72 108 216
10 a i 24 ii 120 iii 3 628 800 g 6m h 2 i 4
iv 5040 v 5040 4- 17 13 2 3
7 a 1 ----- b ------ c ------ d --- e ---
15 30 16 5 8
b i Yes ii 362 880
16 2- 3
c i 30 ii 696 iii 144 iv 8 v 210 f ------ g 1 ----- h ---
35 15 4
11 a 4 = 2
b 2 ≈ 1.4, 3 ≈ 1.7, 5 ≈ 2.2 Exercise 2-01
6 ≈ 2.4, 7 ≈ 2.6, 8 ≈ 2.8 1 a 13y b 10x c 13 + 4y
d 8a e 0 f 18y
g 9y3 + 2y2 h 14n i −11y
Chapter 1 review j 8ac k 5xy l 10e2f
1 a 5-
----- = 15
------ = 1---
b 29, 30 or 31 2 a 10y + 6 b 2a + 10 c 5m + 5y
10 30 2
c 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 or 32 d 16 + 6x e 10ac + 2a f 8xy + 5
d 6, 7 or 8 g 2y + 5 h 4ay + 8y i − 6 − 6x
3 a 6m + 10 b y + 3g c p + 7h
2 a 1-
----- b 5 13
------ c −2 -----
1-
d2 d 15 + k e 2 − 10p f 15y − 9k
12 20 12
g 6t − 7y h 11 − 7n i −2a − f
e 9 f − 11
------ g 1
------
7
h 1 -----
-
24 18 25 j 11 + 11w k 8e − 5t l −ab − 4q
i 1-
6 ----- m 9c2 − 6c n 2x2 − 5x3 o ab − 2m
10
p 2hy2 − 7h q y − 11x r −9a2 − 16y
3 a 4.94 b 0.2 c 15.093 d 0.0000 4 a 2a b 7m + 2m c − 6k
2
4 a 2641 b 1.587 c −0.9028 d 2u e 3d − 5d 2 f 3m + 3t
5 a 420 ÷ 60 + 20 × 5 = 107 g 13k + 2y h 13 − 3r i −14b − 3u
b 100 × 40
--------------------- = 80 j 5e + 12 k 8w l 9t − 4g
50
m 7y2 − 20 n 8mn o 4−f
7- 817 251
6 a -----
45
b ---------
999
c ---------
990 p 4 − 11f q 4ab − 2b + 5a
7 D r −1 − 12l s 6 t −4n + 2
8 1
--- , 0.48, 43%, 3--- , 19
------ u 8p3 + 8p v 2s w 2 + 3cd
2 7 50
x 10k − 3m − m2
9 a 84 b 886 5 a 6p + 3 b 90h c 18c + 12a
10 $236.73 d 5x + 8 e 7p + 12 f 7x + y + 3
11 a 22.2% b 1.44% loss 6 a 2m b 8n c 16n + 6m
12 259 7 a u + 4t b 2u + 3t c 10u + 14t
8 a a units b (a − 2) units
c (2a + 2c − 2) units
ANSWERS 543
Exercise 2-02 4 a 10k + 15 b 3 − 9y c 4m + 14n

d − 6 − 3x e 43 − 10d f 24p − 4
1 a 15p b 18x c 24m
g −w − 8 h 8t + 26 i 11v + 37
d 8hy e 6yq f 10y2
j 18 − 16h k 6m + 12 l 26 − 7d
g −12w h −8nd i −24p2
m e + 16 n 14c + 23 o −10w − 1
j 24ab k − 60xyk l 30r2
m 24c2 f n −36t2 o 12hk2 5 a 13m2 + 8m b 3w2
p 8c2e2 q 6a2d2 r −15m3n2 c 3r2 − 6r d 2q2 + 13q
e 4v + 23v
2 f 2a2 + 13a
2 a 3y b 15 c 4 d 3k
g −3t2 + 18t h −m2 − 7m
e 3y f 6n g − 4a h 5a
i −11e2 j 26d − 18
i a j 2x k 5m l 7c
k 9h + 1 l −14r2 + 4r + 4
a x b
m 4w n ---
3
o ---
2
p ---
3 m 2k2 − 6k − 5 n 7f 2 + 10f
x- b--- 3 5- o −12b2 + 19b − 8
q ----- r s ------- t ---------
2y 5 4m 3ab 6 a 5w + 5 b 6k − 8 c −3r + 4
u a-
-------- v − 7----------
xw
w − --------
2a-
x 8p
------- d 3 − 6m e 5h − 6 f 3x2 − x
5bc 3y 3bc 9m
g 5 − 4s h 7e − 1 i 9q − 1
3 a 10 b 18a c −3xy d −8y j −5e + 24 k 9 − 6b l 10d − 10e
e −5y f −9m g m2 h −19d m 2y − 2 n 14g + 2 o t2 + 2th + h2
i 1 j −22m2 k − 4r2 l 5y 7 a 11d + 7
m 11c n −2x2 o −g2 b i 7.05n − 0.7 ii $1409.30
4 a 6ad units2 b 12py units2 c i 70N − 500 ii $200
c 10ck units2
5 a 8m3 units3 b 60dty units3 Skillbank 2
c 12kw2 units3
2 a 783 b 4455 c 684 d 8811
e 1592 f 2786 g 74 925 h 2772
Exercise 2-03 i 8055 j 9405 k 5445 l 3582
1 a 4 b0 c 2
2 a 2 1---
3
b −9 c 6 d −2 2---
5
Exercise 2-05
1 a 3(3m + 4) b 3(t + 2) c 4(w − 3)
3 a 1 b −10 c 0 d6
d 6(k − 4) e 5(4c + 3) f 9(k − 3)
4 a −6 b −6 c 9 d 2
--- g 8(2 − 3w) h 6(2e + 3) i 5(3 + 4p)
5
j 2(5 + 6t) k 6(4y − 5) l 2(q − 11)
5 a 4 b −2 c −2.5
m 9(2g + 3) n 8(2w − 1) o 3(3v + 11)
6 a 4 b 5 c −15 d −5
p 7(4 − 3t)
e −17 f −1 g 0 h 2
2 a h(k − 1) b y(w + 1) c m(n − 3)
i 1 j 20 k 21 l −1
d p(6 + r) e a(b + c) f 4(a + 3b)
7 a 15 b − 64 c −3 d −11
g x(x + 1) h 5(1 − q) i 6(2y + 3x)
e 128 f −40 g 15 h −15
j y(2 + y) k d(d + 8) l 3e(e + 2)
i 121 j −1 1--- k −20 l 2 m 2m(6m − 5) n a(a + c) o 5n(n − 4)
5
p g(7 + 9g)
8 a 14.4 b 91 c 90 d 31.5 e 20.16
3 a 4x(4x − 3y) b 2pr(4p + 3) c 4m(mh2 − 1)
d 7k(2h + 3y) e 7v(4w − 3v) f 6ab(3c + 4)
Exercise 2-04 g 2mn(2n − 3) h 2r(4t − 9r) i 3y(3a2 + 5y)
1 a 5t − 15 b 4 − 12b c 12k + 20 j 2wy(10 + 9y) k 15(1 − 2b2) l 4xh(2w + x)
d 2d + 2e e mn + mp f 5 − 10w m 3(3e + 4 + 2e2) n 3h(5k − h + 3)
g 2c2 + cd h 32 − 28f i 3k2 − 6kw o 3(3ef − 4e + 2f 2)
j a2 − 3a k 14p − 21m l 12n2 + 20ny
4 a −4(p + 2) b −9(k − 3) c −3(g − 2)
2 a −3s − 6 b −20f − 15 d −6(3w − 2) e −2(3x − 2) f −4(3m + 4)
c − 4m − 2c d −12d − 20e g −5(4e + 3) h −3(6n + 7) i −x(x + 7)
e −2w2 + 5w f −35 + 7a j −8(w2 + 3h) k −a(p − q) l −8x(3y + 2)
g −21b + 14q h −16d − 24
5 a d(d + h) b 2p(p − 10) c −4(y + 4)
i − 4r2 + 20ry j −9 + 15m
d t(r − 1) e −4kt(4kt − 1) f −10a(b − 2)
k −2p2 − p3 l − 6v + 14vn − 6vr
3 a − 4 − 3m b −5x − 2 c −3f − 5 g −3(3 + w) h --1- (p + q) i --1- x(x − y)
2 4
d −8 − y e −1 − p f − 6n + 1 j 1
--- k(3 − t) k −3xy(3y − 4) l −6m(4m − 1)
4
g −1 + 2a h −1 + e i −10 + 5q

6 a 4(2a + 3y + 1) b 5(4xy − 2x2 + y) 3 a 6

--- b 12
------ c 3
--------- d 2s
------
c tm(t + m + 1) d (a + 6)(5 + h) p 35 20 y 35
5x c 25b 4t
e (m + 2)(7y − p) f (a + b)(c − d) e ------
z
f ------
3b
g ---------
3
h ------
27
g −10p(p + q)
i 2
------ j 50 p2 t
-------------- k --- =
5
1 1--- l 1
---------
h −(d + 3)(w − 4) or (d + 3)(4 − w) 3n 7 4 4 6h 2
i 5a(x − y)(1 + 2y) t
m ----
-
2
n 2 yh
--------- o 3a f 2
------------- p 2h 3
---------
2 k 9 25 3
Exercise 2-06
3w m −x 9
Power plus
1 a ------- bk c ---- d ------ e ---
4 2 3 q 1 a i 11, 13, 15 ii 2n + 1 iii 41
f 1
--- g 3r
------
3
h --- i 4t + s
-------------- j y
--- b i −9, −13, −17 ii 11 − 4n iii − 69
d w c 3 h
1--- 10 - p + 3- u- 1 c i 40, 53, 68 ii n2 + 4 iii 404
k l ----------- m ------------ n ----- o ------
a e+1 z 4g 3f 2 3r
p --e-
2 3 a 40m + 50n b 40m + 50n
--------------------------- = 4m + 5n
---------------------
−2h −5m 100 10
7x 4s
2 a ------ b ------ c ---------- d ------------
12 21 15 14 15r – 2
4 ------------------
9w 33t 11 p 5r 6
e ------- f -------- g ---------- h ------
20 20 15 6 5 a k + 5, k − 5 b 4k + 10, 4k − 10
13c 5d – 2r 9h + 10a- 25 + 24w-
i --------- j ------------------- k ---------------------- l ---------------------- 6 a 2b
10 10 15 30
b Possible answers include 4a, 5b; 20a, b;
m 21 + 8a-
------------------ n 3a + 2b-
------------------- o 5e
------ p 9------------------
– 20k
10ab, 2; 5, 4ab
28 6 24 15
17 5 −3 −11- 7 a 26 b 225 c 45 d −3 --3-

3 a ------- b ------ c ------- d -------- 4
3p 2k 4m 3y
e − 1--- f 34 g 16 h 13
9 19- 22- k-----------
+ 8- 3
e ------- f ----- g ----- h 10 - 7- 15 – 3r-
5m 3x 5a 4c 8 a ----------- b ----- c -----------------
−5-
e+1 6v 20
a – 4b- 49- 8a –c
i --------------- j ----- k -------- l --------------- 14 11
4m 8y 15d 4w d --------------- e ---------------
3x – 3 2x – 2
4 a 14k
--------- + 7m
------- b 13
--------y- − 5m
------- c 8------------------
x + 10-
3 4 5 3 15 36w 2 + 2w-
f --------------------------
27 ( w + 1 )
d 7y + 5
---------------- e 23h
--------- − 14k
--------- f 9 x – 13
-------------------
12 4 5 20
−2 m + 8
g ------------------- h 9e
------ − 7t
-----
−3 k + 31-
i -------------------- Chapter 2 review
15 2 4 70
1 a 4x b −3km c 11ky
j 7m – 11-
-------------------
12
k k-----------
+ 5-
6
l 7 x + 31-
------------------
20
d 2p + 2d e 6w − 5 f 3x2 − 3x
g 7m + 10 h 3w + 4f i 5d + 9
−12 m + 17 n −--------------------
7 k + 33 14m + 49
m -------------------------
35
-
6
o -----------------------
36 j −2y2 + 3 − y k 10 + 3p l 2xy − 7
m 10y2 − 6y n −a2b + 5ab − 2b
p −-----------------------
13 x + 14
- q 59 x + 40
---------------------- r 101w + 24
--------------------------
o −2t 2 − 8k
6 60 70
d −6r
t −-----------------------
13 x – 23 19 r + 11 13 y + 21 2 a 18y b 30k c 3ad
s ---------------------- - u ----------------------
12 30 6 e 15xw f 8xy2 g 6a h3
2y 3a
i 4p j ------ k 2d l ------
Exercise 2-07 3 a 7 b −17 c 200 d 14
3 4d
h −30
w st 5 12
1 a ---- b ------ c --------- d ------- e 96 f 3 g 10
6 20 2hk mn
e 5l
------ f 2
-------- g 6
----- h ac
------ 4 a 15t − 20 b 7 + 21x c −8 − 10k
3f 3v 2 x2 bd d −3 + 6y e 12p2 − 4p f −8m + 6m2
i 2
--- j d2
------ k d
--- l 12
-------- g −4 + 9w h −3 − 2n i −5a2 + 15at
3 36 g 5k 2
3u 2 5 a 11y + 4 b 12 − 12p c 3g + 3
m ------ n1 o ------
5 3d d 30m − 14 e 35 − 12v f 20q + 19
2 a --- =
5
2 1--- b m-
----- c 4 d q--- g 7 + 10y h 13r2 + 5r i 12d − 23
2 2 2n 3
j −m2 + 7m k 2a2 + 2ab − 4b2 l 17e − 18e2
e 3d
------ f 20
------ g 3
--- h 9
---
10 27 5 b m 17h − 13 n 2kx
−11 6 a 2(m − 4) b xy(x − y) c −3(g + 9)
i 15
------ = 7 1--- j h2
----- k 12 l --------- = −1 3---
2 2 k2 8 8
5u-
d 4(3x + 2 − 4a) e 4w(w − 3) f k(5 + hk)
m ----- n6 o x g − 4(2a + 1) h −5y(1 + 5a)
9
ANSWERS 545
7 a 5h
------ b k
--- c 2
---- d − 3w
-------
3 a 3y2 + 8y + 5 b 16c2 − 20c − 6
6 2 m 20 c 2m2 − 9m − 5 d 8d 2 − 2d − 15
−3
e 5k
------ f ------ g 3 x + 13
------------------- h m+2
-------------- e 3p − 8p − 60
2 f 25y2 + 5y − 2
6 2d 4 12
y + 22
i --------------- j 29
--------------------- k 5d 17m
------ + ---------- l --------- − ------
39g 4k g 3g2 + 23g + 30 h 15 − 22q + 8q2
10 3(c + 5) 3 4 7 3
−11w + 11 i −2w2 + 5w − 2 j 6t 2 − 13t + 5
m 21c + 19-
--------------------- n 23h – 11-
--------------------- o ---------------------------
k 25a2 + 15a + 2 l −6h2 + 5h + 6
20 15 10
8 20
a ------ b 3h
------ c 21
------ d 1 --1- m 7b2 − 57b − 54 n 9e2 − 25
mt k2 d 4
o 10d 2 + 13d + 4
e 2 1--- f 1 g 2d
------ h p
--- 4 a l = 100 + x; w = 75 + x
2 5 3
i 10a
--------- j 1
---
b A = (100 + x)(75 + x) = 7500 + 175x + x2
3 3 c 175x + x2 d 17.51 cm2
5 a l = 4 + x; w = 3 + y b A = (4 + x)(3 + y)
c 12 + 4y + 3x + xy d 4y + 3x + xy
Chapter 3 Exercise 3-03
1 The missing terms are:
Start up a 20x b m2 c t2 d +8h
1 a −12km b 40gh c 8x2y3 e − 18k f + 80f g 4d 2; 12d h 36a2; 1
d 108m3n3 e 30a3w4 f −18t3
2 a m2 + 18m + 81 b u2 + 6u + 9
2 a 5x + 10 b 4y − 12 c −n − 3 c y2 − 12y + 36 d 64 + 16k + k2
d 2x2 − 8x e 12g + 3g2 f −12m + 8m2 e 25 − 10h + h2 f 49 + 14k + k2
3 a 8x b −2x c −8x g f 2 + 40f + 400 h q2 − 22q + 121
d y2 − 25 e x2 + 4x − 12 f 3n2 − 5n − 2 i 100 + 20t + t 2 j x2 − 2xw + w2
g 2a − 3 h 13x − x2 i 5x − 3 k a2 + 2ag + g2 l 4m2 − 12m + 9
4 a 3(5k + 3) b −6(2d − 3) c −5x(x − 2) m 25x2 − 60x + 36 n 81a2 + 36a + 4
d 4h(2g − 3) e −xy(x + 4) f 9ay(a − 3y) o 9e2 − 24e + 16 p 25 + 70b + 49b2
q 16 − 40p + 25p2 r 121 − 44c + 4c2
Exercise 3-01 s 100g2 + 60g + 9 t 9k2 + 66k + 121
1 a 80 + 10b + 8a + ab b 3y + xy + 36 + 12x u 25 + 20v + 4v2 v 81d 2 − 72d + 16
c k2 + 8k + 15 w 1 − 16e + 64e2 x 144 + 120n + 25n2
2 a x2 − 3x − 54 b w2 + 4w − 5 3 a m4 + 6m2 + 9 b 1 − 6f 2 + 9f 4
c n2 − 12n + 35 d 12k − 27 − k2 c n2 − 2nw2 + w 4 d 49h2 + 28hk + 4k2
3 a dg + d + 4g + 4 b k2 + k − 12 e 64a2 − 48ay + 9y2 f 16a2 − 24ab + 9b2
c 2l 2 − 9l − 5 d 2x2 + 13x + 15 g 49p2 + 28pn + 4n2 h 64 + 16pq + p2q2
e m2 − 2m − 15 f 6gb + 12g − 2b − 8 i x2y2 + 2xyw + w2 j x4 − 4x2 + 4
g 12y2 + 11y + 2 h h2 − 5h + 6 k 16 + 8k2 + k4 l x6 + 4x3 + 4
i 12w2 − 11w + 2 4 a 1+ 2
--- + 1
----- b t2 − 2 + 1
----
y y2 t2
Exercise 3-02 c k2 + 2 + 1
----- d 9
------ + 6 + w2
k2 w2
1 a x2 + 5x + 6 b km + 4k + m + 4
c 6 − y − y2 d 8e2 + 19e + 6 e 16
------ −2+ a2
------ f a2
----- − 2a + b2
a2 16 b2
e 2g2 + 9g + 7 f 16a2 − 42a + 5 5 a (m + 2)2 b (p + 10)2 c (a − 5)2
g −3p2 + 4p + 4 h 6 − 7b + 2b2 d (w − 4)2 e (g + 1)2 f (x − 7)2
i 4m2 − 8m − 5 j 16t 2 − 25 g (2y + 2)2 h (5h − 4)2 i (4b + 8)2
2 a a2 + 7a + 12 b x2 + 11x + 30 j (n + 2m)2 k (3a − 5b)2 l (10g + 3h)2
c m2 + 11m + 24 d e2 + 8e + 12 6 a x2 + 2xy + y2 b 2xy
e g2 + 14g + 45 f h2 + 22h + 120
7 a 2 × 10 × 20 = 400 b 800 c 1200
g s2 + 3s − 10 h w2 − 3w − 18
d 1000 e 1200 f 500
i k2 + 2k − 15 j p2 + 2p − 3
8 a 441 b 2025 c 841
k n2 + n − 56 l v2 − v − 30
d 3481 e 10 404 f 9604
m c2 + c − 6 n l 2 + 2l − 8
o p2 + 3p − 18 p t2 + t − 2 9 b 100 − 40x + 4x2
q y2 + 6y − 40 r u2 + 5u − 84 c 10x − 2x2
s d 2 − 7d + 10 t b2 − 14b + 48 e 10 × 10 − 4 × x × x = 100 − 4x2
u r2 − 6r + 8 v z2 − 16z + 55
w u2 − 11u + 24 x n2 − 12n + 27
546 N E W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 9 : S T A G ES 5.2/ 5.3

Exercise 3-04 4 a 3(t + 12) b 4(w − 3) c 6(k − 4)

d 4(5w − h) e h(g + h) f x(y − w)
1 a m2 − 25 b c2 − 100 c a2 − 144
g 3e(1 + 2e) h 2m(6m − 5) i 2(b2 − c)
d 36 − y2 e 64 − m2 f p2 − 1
j a(a + c) k 5n(n − 4) l 4x(4x − 7y)
g 25 − e2 h v2 − 121 i w2 − 9
m 4(3cf + 4) n −4(y + 4) o −t(r + 1)
j x2 − 100 k q2 − 49 l 81 − g2
p −4kl(4kl − 1) q −10a(b − 2) r −3(3 + e)
m b2 − 4 n 225 − r2 o d 2 − 169
2 a 4h2 − 9 b 25r2 − 16 c 25b2 − 64 s x(5 + 12y) t 1
--- (p + g) u g(7 + 9g)
2
d 16p2 − 49 e 9 − 64k2 f 49x2 − 25 v 1
--- x(x − y) w −6m(4m − 1) x --- k(3 − t)
1
4 4
g 4 − 81m2 h 81k2 − 16l 2 i 49n2 − 64m2 5 a 4(2a + 3y + 1) b 5(4yx − 2x2 + y)
j 16g2 − 25h2 k 49u2 − 9w2 l 121a2 − 9b2 c tm(t + m + 1) d (a + 6)(5 + h)
m 25a2b2 − 4 n t 2 − 1
---- o w2
------ −4 e (m + 2)(7y − p) f (a + b)(c − d)
t2 9
g −10p(p + q) h 5a(x − y)(1 + 2ay)
p 1− 1
----- q x2y2 − t 2 r a2
----- −4 i (d + 3)(4 − w) j −5g(u + 3)(1 + 2g)
r2 b2
3 a length = x + l, width = x − l b x2 − l 2
Exercise 3-07
4 a p−1 b p+1 c (p − 1)(p + 1) d 7
1 a (m + n)(5 + t) b (r + 3)(y − 4)
5 899
c (3g − 4)(1 − 4g) d (x2 + 1)(5x + 2)
6 a 399 b 2499 c 8099 d 6396 e (3 − 4t)(d − t) f (e + 2)(4e + 1)
7 a 29 b 47 c 3000 d 400 g (3 − 2x + y)(w + 3) h (k + 3)(k − 3)
e 240 f 196 i (7 − 3a)(1 − w) j (3b − 1)(b2 + 2)
8 a l = x + y, b = x − y 2 a (b + d)(4a + 5c) b (y + t)(2x − 5w)
c (3c + 4d)(3a + 2b) d (10 + x)(x2 + 3)
Exercise 3-05 e 3(a + b)(a + c) f 6(t + p)(r − 3w)
1 a m2 b y2 + 18 c −k2 − 36 g (7 + d)(2e − 3) h (h − 2)(k − h)
d d 2 + 21 e 2e2 + e f 48m i (3m + p)(n − 2) j (9 + q)(p2 − 3)
g 27t − 10 h 2f 2 − 8 i 12h + 18 k ( f − 10)(g − h) l 3(l + n)(3k − 4m)
j 5xy − 6x + 3y + 9 m (2 − p)(p − c) n (l − 3)(l 2 + m2)
k bc − ab l 18a2 − 6a o (a + y)(x + 1 − k) p (a − b + 3q)(p − 2q)
2 a 60a2 b n2 + 4n + 4 c −2t 2 − 8t
d −8mn e x−2 f 1 − 2b2 Exercise 3-08
g am − 2m + bm − ac + 2mc − bc
2
1 a (w − 3)(w + 3) b (y − 6)(y + 6)
h 11l 2 + 30l − 25 i 19e + 256 c (k − 1)(k + 1) d (m − 11)(m + 11)
j 2r3 − 36r + 24 e (p − 8)(p + 8) f (t − 10)(t + 10)
3 a 3a2 + 15a + 20 b 3y2 + 12y + 14 g (2e − f )(2e + f ) h (a − 3b)(a + 3b)
c 3x2 + 9 d 34n2 − 34 e −4b2 i (4y − 1)(4y + 1) j (2 − b)(2 + b)
k (5 − e)(5 + e) l (1 − 4x)(1 + 4x)
Skillbank 3A m (k − l)(k + l) n (7 − 4m)(7 + 4m)
2 a 24 b 51 c 32 d 110 o (b − 11d)(b + 11d) p (6c − 5k)(6c + 5k)
e 9 f 31 g 32 h 72 q (4 − 9h)(4 + 9h) r (5a − 8m)(5a + 8m)
i 45 j 9 k 118 l 40 s (10 − 7n)(10 + 7n) t (11p − 12q)(11p + 12q)
4 a 28 b 28 c 9 d 27 u ( --1- − 5c)( --1- + 5c) v (2t − --1- )(2t + --1- )
2 2 3 3
e 27 f 40 g 150 h 35 w (5h − 3
--- )(5h + 3
--- ) x (1 − mn)(1 + mn)
2 2
i 216 j 24 k 588 l 36
2 a 2(a − b)(a + b) b 7(k − 2)(k + 2)
c 3(1 − 5u)(1 + 5u) d x(x − 7)(x + 7)
Exercise 3-06 e k(1 − 4k)(1 + 4k) f 2(5q − 1)(5q + 1)
1 a 6y b 6a c 5 d 3 g 3(d − 2v)(d + 2v) h 5t3(t − 5)(t + 5)
e m f 24c g 3pr h 8w i 2(ab − 1)(ab + 1) j x2(y − w)(y + w)
i 9mn3 j 4e k 15ab l 4 k 12(4f − 3g)(4f + 3g)
2 a 3 b 6x + y c 10 d h; 8
l 5(3d − 1--- )(3d + 1--- ) or 5--- (6d − 1)(6d + 1)
e p − 2q f c − 2t + 3a g 5 2 2 4
h x2 + 7 i 4m2 j 3q − 1 k 4c − 8t + a m 2(x − 2a)(x + 2a) n 25(2 − w)(2 + w)
l 4(9y − 4 − 3y)
2
o 5( 1--- − 4e)( 1--- + 4e) or 5--- (1 − 8e)(1 + 8e)
2 2 4
3 a −9 br c +3 d −7; 3z
--- (6c − 5)(6c + 5) or (3c − 2 --- )(3c + 2 --- )
1 1 1
p
e g−4 f l + 2m g ac; 3a h −4d 4 2 2
i −3d 2 j 4+x
ANSWERS 547
3 a ( --p- − --x- )( --p- + --x- ) b (x − 1--- )(x + 1--- ) s −3( f + 15)( f − 2) t −5(a − 6)(a + 2)
4 5 4 5 3 3 u 3(y + 6)(y − 8)
c ( --v- − u--- )( --v- + u--- ) d 2( --y- − m
------ )( --y- + m
------ ) 8 a (h − 6)(h + 3) b (t − 5)(t + 5)
7 9 7 9 3 11 3 11
c (w + 1)(w + 7) d (k + 3)(k − 15)
------ +
e ( 4a ------ )( ------ − ------ ) f (t − 3)(t + 3)(t 2 + 9)
5b 4a 5b
7 2 7 2 e (v − 2)(v + 10) f 3(c + 5)(c + 5)
g (10 − n2)(10 + n2)
h 25(c2 − 2)(c2 + 2) g (q − 1)(q − 5) h (a − 3)(a − 1)
i (2k − 1)(2k + 1)(4k + 1)
2 i −(t + 9)(t − 2) j (x − 8)(x − 8)
j x(y2 − 2)(y2 + 2) k (a + b − x)(a + b + x) k 8(u − 4)(u + 1) l (b + 5)(b + 6)
l (x + y − 2c)(x + y + 2c) m (y − 6)(y − 6) n 5(r − 2)(r + 1)
m (a − c)(a + 2b + c) n (x − a + c)(x + a − c) o 4(l − 4)(l + 2) p (g − 20)(g − 4)
q −2(d − 6)(d + 9) r −(n + 2)(n − 13)
o −(p + 3q)(3p − q) p --1- (x − --y- )(x + --y- )
4 3 3 s 6(x + 8)(x − 2) t 10(t − 1)(t − 1)
q (x − 1)(x + 1)(x2 + 1) r 4ab u − 4(k − 8)(k − 5)

1 a −1, −6 b −3, 4 c −5, 3 1 a (m + 5)(2m + 1) b (d + 3)(4d + 1)
d 3, 4 e −5, −4 f −2, 7 c (k + 3)(5k + 2) d (2p + 5)(3p + 2)
g −2, 5 h −5, 5 i −2, 1 e (w + 15)(2w + 1) f (e + 3)(4e + 3)
j −9, 2 g (2f + 3)(4f + 1) h (d + 1)(3d + 2)
2 a 10, 10 b −4, −4 c −11, 2 i (b + 1)(2b + 7) j (y + 1)(5y + 11)
d 2, 10 e −4, −2 f −9, 3 k (4g + 3)(2g + 5) l (3a + 7)(2a + 3)
g −2, 5 h −9, 9 i −5, −1 2 a (y − 4)(2y − 3) b (2k − 3)(5k − 2)
3 a (m + 3)(m + 4) b (k + 7)(k + 5) c (2e − 3)(3e − 2) d (b − 3)(4b − 1)
c (d + 4)(d + 1) d (t + 5)(t + 2) e (w − 3)(6w − 5) f (2t + 5)(4t + 3)
e (x + 5)(x + 4) f (t + 1)(t + 5) g (3x − 2)(3x − 2) h (3f − 4)(4f − 3)
g (e + 2)(e + 3) h (h + 2)(h + 2) i (2h − 9)(2h − 9) j (3n − 4)(5n − 1)
i (n + 10)(n + 1) j (a + 6)(a + 5) k (6p − 5)(2p − 3) l (5m − 1)(3m − 4)
k (d + 4)(d + 6) l (y + 4)(y + 11) 3 a (y + 1)(5y − 11) b (4d − 5)(d + 1)
4 a (x + 4)(x − 1) b (t + 8)(t − 3) c (2m + 3)(m − 3) d (3t − 10)(t + 3)
c (m + 5)(m − 3) d (a + 2)(a − 1) e (6h − 7)(h + 1) f (y − 4)(2y + 3)
e (k + 7)(k − 2) f (w + 6)(w − 2) g (2a + 1)(4a − 3) h (5u − 4)(3u + 1)
g ( f + 15)( f − 2) h (y + 4)(y − 2) i (3c + 1)(3c − 5) j (6p − 5)(3p + 2)
i (b + 4)(b − 3) j (p + 12)(p − 4) k (3w − 4)(2w + 1) l (5e + 1)(3e − 1)
k (c + 9)(c − 1) l (w + 13)(w − 9) 4 a (5m + 7)(m − 1) b (3g − 4)(2g + 3)
5 a (y − 3)(y + 1) b (r − 7)(r + 2) c (3p − 2)(p + 2) d (7w − 1)(w + 1)
c (h − 4)(h + 1) d (w − 9)(w + 2) e (5y − 1)(y + 3) f (3n − 2)(n + 4)
e (e − 9)(e + 3) f (a − 6)(a + 2) g (4b − 3)(b + 3) h (4m − 1)(2m + 3)
g (p − 5)(p + 1) h (u − 7)(u + 6) i (3x + 8)(x − 2) j (3q − 5)(q + 3)
i (y − 10)(y + 1) j (x − 7)(x + 4) k (2a − 3)(2a + 5) l (6y − 5)(y + 4)
k (d − 9)(d + 5) l (h − 11)(h + 2) 5 a 2(t + 2)(3t − 1) b 3(g + 4)(2g − 3)
6 a (m − 4)(m − 1) b (w − 2)(w − 4) c 4(2e − 3)(3e + 1) d 2(a − 2)(4a + 3)
c (k − 3)(k − 4) d (p − 6)(p − 4) e 4(t + 2)(3t − 1) f −1(5q + 3)(5q − 2)
e (n − 2)(n − 1) f (a − 1)(a − 1) g −2(2m − 1)(3m − 2) h −1(3h + 4)(4h − 5)
g (t − 7)(t − 1) h (x − 7)(x − 5) i 6(2c + 3)(2c + 1) j −3(z + 1)(2z − 5)
i (g − 5)(g − 4) j (d − 3)(d − 3) k 2(2d − 3)(3d + 5) l −2(x − 3)(3x − 2)
k (t − 16)(t − 3) l (e − 7)(e − 9) 6 a (a + 1)(2a + 3) b (2m − 5)(6m − 1)
7 a 3(m + 1)(m + 2) b 2(y + 2)(y − 1) c (4x − 1)(x + 3) d (k − 2)(7k + 1)
c 5(t − 10)(t + 8) d 5e2(e + 8)(e − 3) e (u + 5)(8u + 1) f (e − 3)(6e − 1)
e x(x − 11)(x + 10) f 4(b − 7)(b + 6) g (w − 1)(7w − 1) h (h − 3)(4h + 5)
g 4(w + 4)(w − 3) h 3a(a − 4)(a + 1) i (4x − 3)(2x + 1) j (r + 5)(5r + 1)
i 2(e + 5)(e + 4) j 6(h − 3)(h − 3) k (d − 7)(2d − 1) l (3n + 1)(2n − 3)
k 8(p + 2)(p + 2) l 2r(r + 3)(r + 8) m −(3m − 2)(3m + 4) n −(5c − 3)(c + 1)
m −(t + 8)(t − 3) n −(u − 7)(u + 6) o (3g + 2)(5g + 3) p −(4q + 3)(2q − 5)
o −(x − 7)(x + 4) p −(b + 4)(b − 3) q (x − 2)(3x − 7) r −(3d − 4)(d + 4)
q −(k − 3)(k − 4) r −(x − 5)(x − 7) s −(3v + 1)(2v − 5) t −3(y − 4)(y + 3)
u 3(k + 1)(4k − 3)


1 (m − 8)(m − 8) 2 3d(d − 1) 1 a 6m b 25
------ c 1
---
3 (d − 3)(3d + 5) 4 (3 + h)(k − 5) 24 2
5 (5y + 8)(5y − 8) 6 4(5f + 4)(5f − 4) d 6k e 10

------------
h+1
f 3
---------------------
2(a – b)
7 q(q + 3 − 3p) 8 (3 − g)(g + 1) -r 4m x+3
g ------------------- h ------------- i --------------------
9 4(2b + 5)(3b − 2) 10 (5r − 1)(5r + 1) 5(r + t) m–1 x(x – 1)
11 (l 2 + 1)(l + 1) 12 (2x − 5)2 j --4-
p
13 −(5d − 4)(d + 1) 14 (b − 1)2(b + 1)
r 3
15 2(2 − v)(2 + v) 16 m(n + 3)(n + p) 2 a --------------------
2(r – 4)
b 4t c ---
7
17 2(w − 6)(w − 6) 18 (6h + 1)(6h + 1) 2 10 (d + 1)(d – 3)
d --------------------- e ------ f ------------------------------------
19 (3r − 8t)(5r + 3t) 20 (2d + 1)2 3(x – 2) 3 6
21 9(g − 2k)(g + 2k) 22 e(e − 5)(e + 2) g f +3-

-------------------- h 3 -
------------
4( f – 3) f –2
23 5[(p + q)2 − 15(p − q)2]
24 7(2x − 1)(2x + 1) 25 (a − b)(a + b + 4)
26 (c − 2)2(c + 2) 27 (3a − 1)(2a + 5)
Exercise 3-14
7m + 10 2w – 20
28 (t + 7)(t − 5) 29 2(3p + 2)(3p + 2) 1 a -------------------------------------------
m(m + 1)(m + 2)
- b ------------------------------------------
w(w + 3)(w + 5)
-
30 −(6a − 1)(4a + 1) 31 9(x + 2)(x − 3) 4b – 7 2 ( 3k + 2 ) -

c -----------------------------------------------------
- d --------------------------------------
32 (a − 3)(2ab − 3) 33 2(a + 3)(a + 3) (b – 1)(b + 2)(b – 3) k(k + 3)(k + 1)
34 (5u − 1)(5u − 1) 35 (k − 3)(4k + 7) e 4w – 5

------------------------------------------------------------ f 2n – 3
-------------------------------------------
2(w – 3)(w + 2)(w – 1) n ( 2n + 1 ) ( n + 1 )
36 3(4 − w)(4 + w) 37 3(1 − 3s)(1 + 3s) 2
p2 + 2 p + 4
(k − 4)(k + 4)(k + 4) 39 5y(y2 − 2y + 3)
11a – 9a
38 g ------------------------------------- h ---------------------------------------------------------
( p + 2)( p – 5) ( 2a – 3 ) ( a + 4 ) ( a – 4 )
40 mn(m − 2)(m + 2) 41 −2(a − 2)(a + 2) 2g + 5 3q – 1
2 a --------------------------------------- b ------------------------------------
42 4(2c − 3)(4c + 1) 3(g – 2)(g + 2) (q + 1)(q – 1)
f – 12 -k – 2
c ---------------------------------------- d ---------------------------------------
f ( f – 3)( f + 3) k(k + 1)(k – 1)
Skillbank 3B
5h + 12 - -4d – 1
2 a 11 b 40 c 14 d 32 e ------------------------ f ------------------------------------
4h ( h + 1 ) (d + 2)(d + 1)
e 23 f 7.5 g 11.25 h 58
42 – 5r - 3d – 6 + d 2 -
i 57 j 18 k 15 l 42.9 g ------------------------------------- h ---------------------------------------
4(r – 6)(r + 6) d (d + 2)(d – 2)
m 40 n 135 o 11 p 14
9k – 5 – k 2
q 135 r 54 s 123 t 56 i ----------------------------------------------------
-
(k – 4)(k + 1)(k – 1)
Exercise 3-12 Power plus

1 x+y 2 1
------------- 3 1 -
------------------ 1 a a2 + b2 + 2ab + ac + bc
m–n 2(t – r)
b x2 + xy − 5x − 2y + 6
4 b–c
------------
a
5 3
---
7
6 a
---
b
c p3 − 6p2 − 7p + 60
d xyz − xy − yz − xz + x + y + z − 1
2 ( d + 2e )
7 ------------------------ 8 −1 9 w−4 2 a w2t 2 − 6rwt + 9r2 b 1 − 6c2 + 9c4
t
10 5
----------- 11 1
------------ 12 -2
------------ c x6 + 2x3 + 4 d 1+ 2
--- + 1
-----
d+t l–m a+b y y2
13 − 2--- 14 k+5
------------ 15 3(c − 1) 3 a 16a4 − 9a2 b x2y2 − t 2 c x2
----- − y2
-----
3 k–5 4 9
16 a+1
-------------- 17 y+4
------------ 18 k+1
------------
d a2
----- −4 e d4 − d 2 f 1− 1
-----
m+n 2 k+4 b2 r2
4 a (n + 2m)2 b (x − y)2 c (5x − 4y)2
4a + 5c e–6 4–h
19 -------------------
a–c
20 ------------
2
21 ------------
4+h d 5(a − 3b)(a − 3b) e (c2 + 1)2
3 ( d – 5 -) s-----------
+ 2- m – 3-
f −(t 2 − 1)(t 2 + 8) = −(t − 1)(t + 1)(t 2 + 8)
22 -------------------- 23 24 -------------
d+5 s–3 m+4
5 a ( --x- − --y- )( --x- + --y- ) b (x − 1)(x + 1)(x2 + 1)
4 5 4 5
3d – 2 k–1 2n – 3
25 ---------------- 26 ---------------- 27 ----------------
c 25(c2 − 2)(c2 + 2) d (a + b − c)(a + b + c)
d+5 3k + 2 n+3
28 -1 ( 2c – 1 -)
------------------------- or 1---------------
– 2c e ( 4a
------ − 5b
------ )( 4a
------ + 5b
------ ) f 4pq
3c – 1 3c – 1 7 2 7 2
2x + y a+4 6 a 7h2 + 28 b 8r2 − 204 c 385v2 − 385

29 ---------------- 30 ----------------------
x+y 2( p + 2) d+1 1 -3
d --------------------- e --- f ------------------------------------
d (d + 6) k (u + 1)(u + 6)
7 a both positive
ANSWERS 549
b The larger of p, q is negative; the smaller of 3y + 5 w+5

12 a m − 2 b ---------------- c x–1
---------------- d -------------
p, q is positive. 4 3x + 2 w–5
c The larger of p, q is positive; the smaller of 9 2(y – 3) 1 5

13 a --- b -------------------- c --------------------- d ---
5 y2 2(d – 2) 4
p, q is negative.
d both negative 14 a x–4
--------------------------------------
- b 2 -
--------------------
x(x + 1)(x – 1) 3(x – 3)
Chapter 3 review c 10 – x 2 – 2 x
---------------------------------------
2(x – 2)(x + 2)
d k 2 – 3k + 10
---------------------------------------
2(k + 3)(k – 3)
1 a 35 + 12b + b2 b 2d 2 + 13d + 15
4d 2 – 3d + 3
c y2 − 8y + 15 d 3m2 − 5m + 2 e 5x – 9
------------------------------------------------------
(x – 3)(x + 2)(x + 3)
f ---------------------------------------
d (d – 1)(d – 2)
2 a m2 − m − 6 b p2 + 10p + 21
m + 18 h 2 + 3h – 6
c s2 − 11s + 24 d 15 − 2k − k2 g ----------------------------------------------------------
(m – 3)(m + 1)(m + 4)
h --------------------------------------
h(h + 2)(h – 2)
-
e 12 − 7g + g2 f 6f 2 + 11f + 3
g 20a − 19a + 3
2 h 20r2 − 85rw + 20w2
i 12h2 − 14h − 10 j 6a2 − 3ab + 9b2
k 36 + 7m − 15m2 l −6x2 + 21x + 45 Mixed revision 1
3 a n + 10n + 25
2 b u2 − 6u + 9 1 a $161.59 b 79.12 kg
c 81 + 18x + x 2 d 36 − 12k + k2 2 a $259.50 b $87 c $48.98
e 9y + 6y + 1
2 f 4x2 − 20x + 25 d $30.15 e $14.10 f $163.20
g 16 + 24a + 9a2 h 36 − 84b + 49b2
12- 5
i 16a2 + 40ab + 25b2 j 9g2 − 24gh + 16h2 3 a ----- b ------ c 4 --3- d 6 --3-
35 24 8 4
k 1 − 8h + 16h2 l 4x2 + 28x + 49 3- 22- 49- 1-
4 a i 4 ----- ii ----- iii -------- iv -----
4 a n − 36
2 b b −1
2 c 100 − m2 20 25 300 16
d 49 − y 2 e 9r − 1
2 f 16w2 − 25 b i 2.18 ii 0.058 iii 0.004 iv 1.73
g 64x2 − 9y2 h 36p2 − 25q2 i 1 − 64w2 5 a 8 + 7 = 15 b 5 × 10− 2 = 0.05
5 a 3x2 + 9x + 4 b 7y + 18 c 8×9+ 1
--- = 72 1--- d 1300 − 13 = 1287
c −6a − 2 d 8p2 + 18q2 4 4
6 a 4(t + 6) b x(x + 6) 6 a 29 1--- b 12

3
c 3y(1 + 2y) d pq(p − q) 1 × 100
e −(y + 16) f −y(x + 1) 7 a 52 + 10 × 30 = 325 b ------------------ =5
20
g −5g(1 + 2g2) h w(3 − w + 4w2) c 81 = 9 d 5 × 50 = 250
i (x + 4)(x − 3) j 5(4ab − 2a2 + b) e 100 ÷ 25 + 150 = 154
7 a (a + 3)(5a + 2) b (5m − 3)(n + 2) f 500 – 200-
----------------------- =6
c (b − 1)(a − 1) d (x + y2)(xy − 5) 50
e (p2 + 3)(10 + p) f 6(t + p)(r − 3w) 8 a 100 b 2.21 c 1.499 d 19

8 a (w − 3)(w + 3) b (m − n)(m + n) 9 a i 60
------ ii 16
------ iii 8
--- iv 10
------ v 6-
-----
96 28 5 9 15
c (6 − r)(6 + r) d (4a − 3)(4a + 3)
bC
e (9x − y)(9x + y) f (7a − 5b)(7a + 5b)
g (2n − 5m)(2n + 5m) h 7(h − 2)(h + 2) 10 36
i 3(q − 3)(q + 3) j h(1 − 8h)(1 + 8h) 11 a 11
------ b 7-
----- c 4-
-----
60 80 25
k 2(5m − 4)(5m + 4) l 6(2 − 5d)(2 + 5d)
14 59 56-
9 a (m − 12)(m + 1) b (y − 3)(y − 1) 12 a ------
33
b ------
90
c --------
333
c (t − 13)(t + 5) d (p + q)(p − 3) 13 1.04 g
e 3(n + 1)(n + 2) f 4(y + 2)(y − 1)
14 a $280 b 103.7%
g −(x − 6)(x + 3) h −5(b + 4)(b − 3)
13
i −(2k − 1)(3k − 4) 15 ------
96
16 $748.61
10 a (3x + 2)(2x − 1) b (5s + 3)(s − 2) 17 33.4 18 $1667
c (4w − 1)(2w − 3) d 3(e + 2)2 19 a 3 + 11d b 10x + 2 c 5 − 7y
e 3(2y − 3)(y + 4) f 4(3a + 1)(2a − 3) d 22w − 2 e 1 − 16k f 26t − 23
g −3(3x − 2)2 h −2(4t − 3)(2t − 5)
20 a 3(8 − 5m) b 4(9i − 7mk)
i 2(3g − 1)(2g − 7)
c xy(x − 5y) d h(h − 1)
11 a (8y − 5)(8y + 5) b (x − 8)2 e 3(16 − 5kd) f 3y(3 + 5y − 2n)
c 16(r − 3) d (g − 5)(3 + h)
e (a − 1)(a2 − 1) f 3b(b − 1)(b + 1) 21 a 10a 2 b 2
------------------ b 12 x
--------- c 3m 2
----------
3c y 4n 2
g (4y + 7)(y − 3) h 2(3q + 2)2
i −(6p − 1)(4p + 1) j (5w − 1)2 22 a 7m
------- b 6d
------ c 13t
--------
3 11 20

d 10 y – 3m
----------------------- e 7
------ f 15 + 6k
-------------------
3 a 3k + 66 = 180 (co-interior angles)
6 2x 6h 3k = 114
23 a 13a
--------- − 5d
------ or 26a – 15d
------------------------- b 13e
--------- − 8w
------- or 65e – 24w
-------------------------- k = 38
3 2 6 3 5 15
b 5m = 80 (alternate angles)
c 10m + 11
-----------------------
12
d 12 x + 1
-------------------
10
m = 16
c 4w = 120 (corresponding angles)
e 4a – 23-
------------------ f 9-----y-
− 7------p-
or 27 y – 35 p
------------------------- w = 30
15 5 3 15
d 3c = 75 (alternate angles)
2b 2 d 3k 3m 2
24 a ------------
c
b ------
4c
c ------------
10n 2
c = 25
e 5m + 30 + 70 = 180 (co-interior angles)
25 a 20m − 2 b x2 − 8x + 10 c 28v − 12v2 − 14
5m + 100 = 180
d 9dh − 3d e −pr − 7p f 20n − 13
5m = 80
26 a d 2 − 18d + 81 b 25a2 + 30a + 9 m = 16
c 81 − 126h + 49h2 f 4k + 60 = 180 (vertically opposite angles, then
27 a 25y2 − 9 b m2 − 64 c 49 − 9h2 co-interior angles)
28 a k + 18k + 77
2 b w − 11w + 28
2
4k = 120
c x2 − 6x − 7 d a2 − 12a − 45 k = 30
e 12g + 17g − 5
2 f 6h2 + 7h − 24
29 a 25k 2 b 24m c 6x − 18 d 11d − 55 Skillbank 4
30 a (5k − 1)(k + 3) b (2e − 3)(2e + 7) 2 a 6 b 12 c 10 d 6
c (3y − 8)(y + 3) d (4k + 1)(3k − 5) e 24 f 24 g 24 h 18
e (h − 3)(4h + 5) f (4w − 5)(2w − 7) i 32 j 28 k 36 l 26
1 1 y+5 4 a 6 b 9 c 7.5 d 10.5
31 a ------------ b ------------ c ------------
k–3 x–3 6
e 6 f 22.5 g 17.5 h 14
32 a (y − 9)(y + 7) b (k − 5)(k − 2) i 12
c (d + 5)(d − 11) d (w − 7)(w + 2)
6 a 3.75 b 8.5 c 13.5 d 5.2
e (g + 3)(g + 2) f (m − 9)(m − 8)
e 12.6 f 30
33 a (k − 8)(k + 8) b (9 − 5d)(9 + 5d)
c 4(3y − 2x)(3y + 2x)
34 a −3(5m + 9) b 3(2d 2 − 6 − 9d)
Exercise 4-01
1 a d = 70 b k = 70 c y = 24 d k = 60
c 7gh(g + 3)
e w = 33 f c = 22
35 a 9k + 8
----------------------------------------------------
- b n2 + 1
--------------------------------------
- 2 a m = 115 b m = 85 c m = 68 d m = 130
(k – 1)(k + 2)(k – 3) n(n – 1)(n + 1)
e m = 135 f m = 120 g m = 40 h m = 112
36 a (m + 3)(m − 5n) b (2y − 3)(ky − 1)
i m = 121
d+5 e–3 3m – 2
37 a ------------- b ------------ c ----------------- 3 a 125° b 110° c 67° d 50°
d+7 e+5 5m + 4
e 60° f 56°
5m (k + 4)(k – 1)
38 a ------- b -----------------------------------
4 a A and D b D and C c B
3 5
39 a 2(2m − 5)(2m + 5) b (3g + 5)2 5 a d = 16 b a = 20 c g = 73

c (2p − 3q)(2p − q) d y = 20 e k = 28 f e = 108, y = 36
g h = 35 h m = 27, t = 24, v = 50
i h = 80, n = 65, r = 50, w = 130
j t = 35 k h = 30 l m = 29, w = 64
Chapter 4 6 a 52.5° (vertically opposite angles, then angle
sum of an isosceles triangle)
Start up b 105° (angles on a straight line, then angles in
1 a 110° (vertically opposite angles) an isosceles triangle, then angles on a straight
b 27° (vertically opposite angles) line)
c 53° (angle sum of a right angle) c 110° (angle sum of isosceles triangle, then
d 18° (angle sum of a right angle) corresponding angles, then angles on a straight
e 41° (angles on a straight line) line)
f 105° (angles on a straight line) d 115° (angles on a straight line, then angle sum
2 a p = 55, v = 125 b a = 35, c = 75 of isosceles triangle, then angles on a straight
c x = 75 d b = 90, h = 45, q = 115 line)
e w = 55 f c = 30, y = 150 e 36° (angle sum of isosceles triangle, then
co-interior angles)
f 60° (angle sum of a triangle, then alternate
angles)
ANSWERS 551
7 a 2 a Trapezium, parallelogram
40°
b Trapezium
100° c Square, rhombus d Square, rectangle
6 cm
e Square, rhombus, parallelogram, rectangle
6 cm or f Square g Square, rhombus
40° 40°
h Kite
70° 70°
i Square, rhombus, parallelogram, rectangle
b a = 65 b = 65 c = 50
j Rectangle, square k Rectangle, rhombus
c
l Parallelogram, square, rectangle, rhombus
m Parallelogram, rectangle, square, rhombus
n Square, rhombus, kite
3 A, C, D, E, G
4 a 74° b 30° c 221° d 57°
e 30° f 81°
5 a k = 70 (opposite angles of parallelogram are
d°
equal)
b a = 45 (angles of square bisected by diagonals)
8 a ∠P = 30°, ∠Q = 60°, ∠R = 90° c p = 55 (co-interior angles, opposite sides of
b ∠P = 48°, ∠Q = 42°, ∠R = 90° rhombus parallel)
9 20°, 60°, 100°. d w = 112 (opposite angles of parallelogram are
Yes, rule is m + n + 3n = m + 4n = 180 which has equal, then angles on a straight line)
more than one possible solution (e.g. m = 80, e t = 55 (angles of a rectangle equal 90°)
n = 25 gives 25°, 75°, 80°). f n = 67 (corresponding angles, opposite sides of
10 a Isosceles, missing angle is 70°. a rhombus are parallel)
b Isosceles, missing angles are both 56°. g a = 55 (co-interior angles)
h c = 9 (diagonals bisect angles of a square)
Exercise 4-02 i r = 110 (angles between unequal sides of a kite
are equal)
6 a ∠PQR = 72° (alternate angles, RW PV)
Parallelogram
b ∠TQU = ∠TUQ = 53° (angles in isosceles

Trapezium
Rectangle
Rhombus
triangle)
Square
∠QUP = 53° (alternate angles, QT PU)

Kite
Properties ∠UPQ = ∠PQU = 63.5° (angles in isosceles

triangle)
One pair of opposite ∴ ∠PQR = 63.5° (alternate angles, RQ PU)
✓
sides parallel c (30° + ∠QRT) + 110° = 180° (co-interior
Opposite sides parallel ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ angles, QT PR)
Opposite sides equal ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ∠QRT = 40°
∴ ∠PQR = 40° (alternate angles, PQ RT)
All sides equal ✓ ✓
d ∠PRQ = 35° (vertically opposite angles)
Two pairs of adjacent ∴ ∠PQR = 72.5° (angles in isosceles ∆PQR,
✓
sides equal diagonals of rectangle are equal and bisect
Diagonals equal ✓ ✓ each other)
Diagonals bisected ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ e ∠QRP = 75° (angles on a straight line)
∠QPR = 75° (angles in isosceles triangle)
Diagonals are
✓ ✓ ✓ ∴ ∠PQR = 30° (angle sum of triangle)
perpendicular
f ∠TPQ = 60° (alternate angles, RT PQ)
Diagonals bisect angles ✓ ✓ ∴ ∠PQR = 30° (angle sum of triangle,
Opposite angles are diagonals of rhombus meet at 90°)
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
equal 7 a n = 61 (angle sum of isosceles triangle)
One pair opposite m = 122 (angle sum of right angle, then angle
✓ sum of isosceles triangle)
angles equal
b p = 90 (diagonals of a rhombus bisect each
All angles 90° ✓ ✓
other at right angles)
Axes of symmetry 0 0 2 4 2 1 q = 65 (alternate angles and angle sum of a
Order of rotational triangle)
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
symmetry

c t = 34 (alternate angles) 3 a 12 b 72 c 20 d9
v = 34 (angle sum of a triangle) e 5 f 24
w = 112 (opposite angles of parallelogram are 4 a 120° b 170° c 128.6° d 175°
equal) e 162° f 157.5°
d 2g + 3g = 180 (co-interior angles) 5 10
5g = 180
g = 36 Power plus
e y = 90 (co-interior angles
1 a 135° b 82.5° c 127.5°
k = 85 (vertically opposite angles)
2 a Construction b 70.71 mm
f a = 44 (angle sum of isosceles triangle)
b = 68 (alternate angles) 3 a 900° b 2520°
c = 56 (angle sum of isosceles triangle) 4 Proof
8 a ∠N = 180 − ∠R (co-interior angles, KL NM) 5 b
∴ ∠M = 180 − (180 − ∠K) (co-interior angles, Number of
KL NM) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
sides
= 180 − 180 + ∠K Number of
= ∠K diagonals
0 2 5 9 14 20 27 35
∴ ∠L = 180 − ∠K = ∠N (co-interior angles,
KL NM) c d = 1--- n(n − 3)
b equal 2
9 a Similar to 8 a
b i Triangle is isosceles Chapter 4 review
ii Alternate angles iii Alternate angles 1 a e = 75 b x = 24
c From b ∠GFD = ∠EFD (both equal ∠GDF) c t = 107.5 d h = 19, x = 20.5
and ∠GDF = ∠FDE (both equal ∠GFD) e d=6 f a = 18, c = 53
∴ ∠F and ∠D are bisected by FD. 2 a True b False
10 ∠CBA = c (alternate angles, DC AB) 3 a Square, parallelogram, rectangle, rhombus,
and ∠CBA = a (alternate angles, DA CB) trapezium
∴a=c b Square, rectangle c Square, rhombus
d Square, parallelogram, rectangle, rhombus
Exercise 4-03 e Square, rhombus
f Rhombus, square, kite
1 a 1800° b 2340° c 3240° d 1980°
e 900° f 2160° g 1260° h 3060° 4 a True b False c True d False
i 4140° 5 a x = 65 b m = 60, y = 120
2 a 14 b 11 c 24 d 17 c g = 60 d a = 55, k = 75
e 8 f 21 g 30 h 13 6 Proof
i 16 7 152.3°
3 a 5 b 540° c x = 36 8 24
d 36°, 72°, 108°, 144°, 180°
4 173°
Exercise 4-04 Chapter 5

1 a Equilateral b Square
2 a 135° b 144° c 150° d 156°
Start up
1 a $56 b $2 c $140 d $28
3 a 162° b 156° c 166.2° d 120°
e $6 f $98 g $10 h $84
e 168° f 144°
2 a 10 b 2 c 3 d 100
4 a 22 b 163.6°
e 20 f 13 g 63 h 32
5 a 157.5° b 162° c 161.1° d 165°
3 a $9 b $15 c $3 d $12
e 150° f 170°
e $30 f $10.50 g $52.50 h $90
6 a 24 b 36
4 a $384.62 b $6250 c $3150
d $1566.89 e $1830 f $14 911.22
Exercise 4-05 g $764.09 h $1208.13 i $6848
1 a 15 b 10 c 9 d 36 5 a $55 b $88 c $165 d $13.20
e 20 f 6 e $7.48 f $23.32 g $50.60 h $41.47
2 a 45° b 36° c 24°
ANSWERS 553

1 a $621.04 b $1242.09 c $2700.50 1 a $1440 b $1215 c $423
d $17.25 2 $10 979
2 a $502.80 b $719.95 c $556 d $990 3 a Perry $700, Amy $750
3 Dana earns $321.86 per week b Perry $1330, Amy $1800
Darren earns $320.60 per week c Perry $1600, Amy $2250
∴ Dana by $1.26 d Perry $2275, Amy $3375
4 Fortnightly income of $1075 4 a $82 000 b $6830
5 a $457.20 b $21 945.60 c $1828.80 5 a $165 b $550 c $1287
6 a Zane, by $0.55 b Mitch, by $1.40 d $1430 e $2736.25 f $3201
c Philip, by $0.30 d Fiona, by $2.60 g $5486.25 h $9460 i $11 000
e Robert, by $0.90 6 $1348
7 a $331.20 b $15 897.60 c $1324.80 7 a $6000 b $8500 c $9590
8 a i $42 000 ii $804.91 8 $4554
b i $72 000 ii $1379.84 9 a $8300 b $9820 c $11 400
c i $103 680 ii $1986.97 10 a $18 222.22 b $34 888.89 c $62 222.22
d i $57 600 ii $1103.87 11 a $29 000 b $51 000 c $83 000
9 a $187 b $935 c $4051.67 12 a $74 285.71 b $99 142.86 c $134 285.71
10 a $108 b $119.70 c $92.30 d $104 13 a $163.80 b $90 c $188
11 a $3226.67 b $742.05 c $17.67 d $307.80 e $97.13
12 $19.25 13 $724.20 14 $2584.62 14 a i $79.90 ii $124.10 iii $172.55
15 $716.45 iv $362.95
b 540 toys
Exercise 5-02 c i 236 ii 424 iii 559 iv 730
1 a $550.40 b $678.40 c $742.40 15 a $136.36 b $142.10 c $182.35
d $566.40 e $720 f $707.20 d $457.10 e $1090.25
2 a $556.80 b $1165 c $911.40 16 a $734 b $122.33 c $14.40
d $1040 e $1560 f $897.90 17 a i $51.60 ii $86 iii $111.80
3 a 43.5 hours b 46 hours c 46 hours iv $172 v $223.60 vi $374.10
d 21 hours e 12.75 hours f 15 hours b 1380 calls
c i 140 ii 419 iii 698 iv 1675
4 a $19.60 b $19.59 c $17.14
d $13.65 e $16.73 f $8.27 18 a i $4.80 ii $9.60 iii $17.60 iv $36.40
v $39.20 vi $57.20 vii $60 viii $66.40
5 a $613.20 b $394.20 c $503.70
b $180.60
d $671.60 e $580.35 f $744.60
19 a i $564 735 ii $10 860.29
6 a $94.80 b $110.60 c $110.60
b i $41 975.80 ii $807.23
d $268.60 e $233.05 f $191.58
c i $409 410.75 ii $7873.28
d i $217 426 ii $4181.27
Skillbank 5 e i $115 833.50 ii $2227.57
2 a $19.50 b $7.50 c $87.40 f i $470 510.75 ii $9048.28
d $20.20 e $3.76 f $21.67
g 93c h 90c i 5c Exercise 5-04
j 10c k $152.76 l $8.27
1 a $2014 b $3116 c $2704.65
m $3.15 n 11c o 43c
d $1961.18 e $2416.80 f $3847.50
p $2431.76
g $3897.66 h $3638.31
4 a $124 b $490 c $1.72
2 a $1023.76 b $1237.20
d $7.72 e $100.40 f $2550
c $1527.84 d $1542.96
g $192.40 h $7.60 i $1.50
3 a $1270.12 b $1315.32
j $1.63 k $5.08 l $64
4 a $680.40 b $558
6 a $100 b $2.50 c 60c
c $691.20 d $722.30
d $1.35 e $1.84 f $3.62
g 4c h 1c i 48c 5 a $18.50 per hour b $755.20
j $1.93 k 40c l $42.88 c $37 762.40
6 a $3384 b $4531.74 c $5099.50
d $7050 e $6679.78 f $4337.91
7 a $536 b $375.20 c $2519.20

8 a $1993.10 b $697.59 c $4683.79 Exercise 5-07

9 a $632 b $2970.40 1 a Item B b Item B c Item A
10 $784.70 11 $97 440 2 a Item A b Item A c Item A
12 a i $891.60 ii $1046.40 3 a Brand Z b Brand Y
b $3142.89 c Brand X d Brand W
4 D Chocolate Swirl
Exercise 5-05 5 Peta’s battery
1 a $1156.20 b $847.80 c $365.50 6 a ii bi c i d ii e i
d $1205.10 e $438.60
2 a 53.5% b 61.2% c 78.6% Exercise 5-08
d 44.0% e 29.3%
1 a $182.16 b $300.80 c $3.36
3 a i $638.40 ii $277.80 iii $360.60
2 a B bD c A dB
b i $525 ii $396.90 iii $128.10
c i $1071.60 ii $459.60 iii $612 3 a 30.56% b 40.60% c 22.81%
d 20.83% e 39.20%
4 a $2099.66 b $764.28 c $1060.38
4 a $120 b $183.33
5 a $353.01 b $55.07 c $268.74
c i $106.15 ii $148.62
6 a $251.70 b 24.5%
d $104.71
7 a i $139.47 ii $89.66 iii $393.50
5 a $9692.55 b $11 664
b i $410.53 ii $167.45 iii $772.44
c $7052.83 d $12 915.36
c i $116.05 ii $167.63 iii $432.69
6 a $125.80 b $119.51
d i $522.34 ii $336.05 iii $967.98
c $118.40 d No. 20% is better.
e i $2119.22 ii $788.71 iii $3950.40
f i $2458.56 ii $685.56 iii $4735.88 7 $749.52
8 a i $4036.69 ii $962.31 iii 19.25%
Exercise 5-06 b i $612.89 ii $146.11 iii 19.25%
c i $484.50 ii $115.50 iii 19.25%
1 a 10.2% b $2600 c $64 d 24 weeks
d i $879.37 ii $209.63 iii 19.25%
2 a $315
9 Store 2, you save more.
b i 25% ii 21.9%
10 A discount of 10% followed by one of 15% is
c $35
equivalent to an overall discount of 23.5%, which
3 a Income Expenses is less than a single 25% discount.
Earnings $494 Groceries $100
Household bills $65 Power plus
Car $45 1 Brenda: $514 per fortnight
Clothes $80 Barry: $454.80 per fortnight
Ent’ment $90 Difference = $59.20
Savings $114 2 $26 790
3 75 cm x 150 cm @ $7.95 for 2 rolls.
b She owns her house already.
4 Option 3 is the cheapest option.
4 a Income Expenses 5 Store 2 has the cheapest offer for 90 drawers.
Earnings $350 Board $50 6 Option 1: Selling price = $945
Fares $35 Option 2: Selling price = $945
Clothes $80 There is no difference.
Magazines $25 7 a $45 084 b $44 557 c $9747.10
Food $30 d $8964.80 e Tax debt of $782.30
Entertainment $40 8 a $6662.80 b $21 434.32
Savings $90 c $202.30 per week d $1003.11 per fortnight
b $90 e $1397.03 per month
c i 7.1% ii 11.4% 9 a $61 830 b $3570
d 90 × 52 = $4680 saved in one year 10 $212.77
∴ Still requires $120 to pay for trip.
e Decrease magazines and entertainment. Chapter 5 review
5 a $547.50 1 $23 128.80
b i $252.50 ii $13 130 2 a $56.40 b $94 c $65.80
c $90 3 a $958.22 b $1916.44 c $4166.67
ANSWERS 555
4 Brian c i v ii u iii w
5 a $702 b $708.40 c $860 d i SR ii TR iii ST
6 a $440.75 b $344 c $521.38 e i x ii y iii z
7 $176.40 f i 41 ii 9 iii 40
8 a $288 b $1134.90 7 a i angle θ , hyp = DF, opp = EF, adj = DE
9 a $4200 b $50 400 ii angle φ, hyp = DF, opp = DE, adj = EF
b i angle θ , hyp 15, opp = 12, adj = 9
10 a $1260 b $2250 c $11 550
ii angle φ, hyp = 15, opp = 9, adj = 12
11 87 bags 12 $11 625 13 $4117.20
c i angle θ , hyp = d, opp = f, adj = e
14 $821.70 15 $691.42 ii angle φ, hyp = d, opp = e, adj = f
16 a 300 mL for $2.70 b 750 g for 94c d i angle θ , hyp = HJ, opp = HI, adj = IJ
17 B ii angle φ, hyp = HJ, opp = IJ, adj = HI
18 a $490.50 b $236.25 e i hyp = 45, opp = 36, adj = 27
c 9.7% (to 1 dec. pl.) ii hyp = 45, opp = 27, adj = 36
19 a $550 b $990 f i hyp = a, opp = c, adj = b
20 Yes ii hyp = a, opp = b, adj = c
8 a i K ii L iii M iv M v L
b i ‘opposite’ and ‘adjacent’
ii ‘opposite’ and ‘adjacent’
Chapter 6 9 a A b Y
Start up
θ α
1 a 5
------ b 13
------ c 25
------ d 7
------ C B Z X
13 5 7 25
c Q R
12 13 1 4
e ------ f ------ g --- h ---
13 12 4 1
1--- 1--- 1---
2 a b c d4 hypotenuse = PR
5 3 4
e 100 f 1
--------- g 2
--- h 3
---
P
100 3 2
d D E
3 a 60° b 50° c 160°
d 60° e 40° f x° = 45°, y° = 135°
4 a AC bw c 10 isosceles
right-angled
5 a 85 b 16 c 3.9
triangle
Exercise 6-01 F
1 a F d b Q r P
E Exercise 6-02
e q 1 a DH CG BF
---------, -------- , -------- , AE-
------- b XD XC XB
-------- , -------- , -------- , XA-
-------
f f XH XG XF XE XH XG XF XE
D R c DH CG BF
---------, -------- , -------- , XA
--------
XD XC XB XE
c C
2 a i 0.90 ii 0.44 iii 2.05
a b i 0.91 ii 0.46 iii 1.93
b c i 0.90 ii 0.44 iii 2.05
d i ∠G ii ∠I
A c B 3 a T bT c F
2 a R bd c B dx e Q d T e F f T
3 a T bT c F dT e F g F hT i T
f i F ii T
4 The hypotenuse is always the side opposite the Exercise 6-03
right angle. 1 a sin θ = 55
------ , cos θ = 48
------ , tan θ = 55
------
73 73 48
5 The positions of the opposite and adjacent sides
depend on which of the two angles (other than b sin θ = e
--- , cos θ = g
--- , tan θ = e
---
f f g
the right angle) is being considered.
c sin R = ST-
------- , cos R = RS-
------- , tan R = ST
-------
6 a i 13 ii 12 iii 5 RT RT RS
b i BC ii AC iii AB

d sin α = n--- , cos α = m

---- , tan α = n
---- e f
k k m
2
e sin M = 3.6
------- , cos M =
7.7
------- , tan M = 3.6
------- 1
8.5 8.5 7.7
3 8
f sin W = --------
YX
- , cos W = ---------, tan W = ---------
WX YX M
1
YW YW WX
2 a i X ii Y iii Y P sin M = 1
------- , cos M =
2
iv Y v X vi X 1
b i α ii β iii β sin P = ------8- , tan P = ------8- = 8
iv α v α vi β 3 1
24 7- 24 7- 24 7-
3 a i , , ii , ,
------
25
-----
25
------
7
-----
25
------
25
-----
24 Exercise
.
6-04 .
b i u
---- , v
---- , u
--- ii v
---- , u
---- , v
--- 1 a 57.916° b 84.2° . . °
c 16.683
w w v w w u
d 24.5° . e 50.883° . f 75.13°
c i FG HF FG
--------- , --------- , --------
HG HG FH
ii HF FG FH
--------- , --------- , --------
HG HG FG
g 30.50694° h 82.67083°
84 13 84 13 84 13 2 a 33°45'36'' b 14°6'0'' c 78°9'0''
d i ------ , ------ , ------ ii ------ , ------ , ------
85 85 13 85 85 84 d 55°30'0''
e i b
--- , --c- , b---
ii --c- , b--- , --c- 3 a 56° b 57° c 57°
a a c a a b
d 27° e 28° f 28°
QS- RS- QS RS- QS- RS
f i ------- , ------- , ------- ii ------- , ------- , ------- g 34° h 33° i 33°
QR QR SR QR QR QS
4 a i F ii F iii T 4 a 68°40' b 68°39' c 68°40'
b i F ii T iii F d 18°30' e 18°31' f 18°30'
c i T ii F iii T 5 a 38.2° b 66.1° c 27.2°
5 a i tan Y ii tan X d 45.8° e 8.4° f 81.1°
iii sin X or cos Y iv sin Y or cos X 6 a 34°27' b 71°5' c 5°29'
b i sin φ or cos θ ii tan φ d 69°27' e 41°19' f 50°13'
iii sin θ or cos φ iv tan θ 7 a 0.3907 b 0.4985 c 0.8258
c i tan W ii sin W or cos U d 0.9489 e 3.9959 f 0.8311
iii tan U iv sin U or cos W 8 a 1.78 b 9.56 c 3.79
d 34.43 e 19.84 f 244.91
6 a
g 32.20 h 53.21 i 31.40
13 j 18.55 k 3.86 l 174.05
5
A
12
Exercise 6-05
1 a 41° b 64° c 60° d 81°
sin A = 5
------ , cos A = 12
------ e 61° f 30° g 6° h 55°
13 13
i 60° j 82° k 84° l 30°
b
2 a 64°59' b 54°35' c 36°52'
3 d 20°10' e 78°14' f 72°0'
5
g 27°2' h 61°39' i 86°12'
j 70°32' k 35°16' l 51°3'
B 3 a 5.7° b 63.0° c 45.2°
4
d 53.1° e 23.9° f 53.9°
cos B = --4- , tan B = 3
---
g 18.2° h 24.2° i 73.4°
5 4
c d j 26.7° k 72.5° l 41.8°
4 a α = 5°44' cos 5°44' = 1.0, tan 5°44' = 0.1
17 b β = 29° sin 29° = 0.48, tan 29° = 0.55
15 5 4 c γ = 53°58' sin 53°58' = 0.809,
cos 53°58' = 0.588
C Y
8 3 d θ = 30° sin 30° = 0.50, tan 30° = 0.58
sin C = 15
------ , tan C = 15
------ cos Y = , tan Y = 3
---
4
---
17 8 5 3
Skillbank 6
2 a 8 ≈ 2.8 b 18 ≈ 4.2 c 28 ≈ 5.3
d 111 ≈ 10.5 e 80 ≈ 8.9 f 31 ≈ 5.6
g 12 ≈ 3.5 h 65 ≈ 8.1 i 75 ≈ 8.7
j 29 ≈ 5.4 k 40 ≈ 6.3 l 126 ≈ 11.2
ANSWERS 557
Exercise 6-06 f 1.6 km g 0.47 m h 5.1 m

i 89 m j 930 mm
1 a tan θ b cos θ c tan θ
d sin θ e tan θ f cos θ
Exercise 6-07
2 a 27.63 b 24.44 c 8.90
1 a 102.3 b 62.9 c 96.4
d 31.17 e 38.71 f 53.02
d 21.5 e 245.7 f 378.3
3 a 66.5 b 1.9 c 17.2
2 a 89 b 1188 c 45 d 192
d 47.4 e 31.3 f 251.0
4 a 27.5 b 109.4 c 293.5
4 a 17 b 58 c 9
d 5.7 e 88.1 f 20.8
d 7 e 115 f 265
5 a 638 cm b 1203 cm c 414 mm
5 a 167.2 b 131.0 c 622.2
d 7m e 4 km f 1044 cm
d 2.2 e 24.5 f 3.5
6 a 3273 mm b 228 cm c 141 m 6 a K
d 671 m e 1053 cm f 17 km
KW = 12 m
7 a C 12 m
14.8 m 56°
75.2°
L W
A B b E
AB = 12.3 m
36°
b R
4.95 m
C D
27°14' CD = 3.60 m
M N
19 cm
c P
MR = 10 cm
c Q
LP = 329 mm
45°35'
W L
55.86° 230 mm
T P
43.5 m d H
PQ = 64.15 m
HM = 54.4 mm
d Y 18.4 cm
43.7° 8.34 m 19°47'

M T
e W
X W 84°
XW = 5.76 m WG = 402.8 m
42.1 m
e H
76° F G
13.9 m
f R
DR = 80.70 m
A K 25.34 m
HK = 3.4 m
18.3°
f I D N
7 a 782 cm b 12.1 m c 4.9 km
83°15' d 6.88 m e 3.84 m f 77.3 m
3.5 m g 1698 mm h 146 m
B E Exercise 6-08
BE = 30 m 1 a 34° b 51° c 60°
8 a 933 cm b 5738 mm c 48 m d 29° e 67° f 54°
d 624 m e 364 m × 265 m

2 a 69°52' b 27°2' c 55°9' c i 54° ii θ = 54°

d 22°33' e 62°22' f 78°28'
3 a 36.7° b 25.2° c 36.9°
d 31.5° e 26.8° f 48.2°
4 a 12.3° b 68.0° c 26.6° θ
d 27.2° e 30.0° f 88.1° 2 a i θ ii θ = 49°
5 a W 41°
∠W = 39° 10 cm
Y X b i θ ii θ = 28°
8 cm
b F
19.5 m ∠F = 10°45' 62°
G H c i θ ii θ = 43°
3.7 m
c M
45 m 43°
35 m
3 a 12 671 cm b 177 m
H T
∠M = 38.9° c 2224 m d 180 m
d T
4 a 14° b 9° c 50° d 19°
5 a 14.5 m b 970 m c 1256 cm
8.4 cm 9.5 cm d 57 m e i 379 m ii 273 km/h
S
∠V = 62°
V Exercise 6-10
1 a 243° b 290° c 040°
e W
d 115° e 210° f 140°
5m g 312° h 253° i 065°
2 a 000° b 090° c 180°
B K
23 m d 270° e 038° f 125°
∠W = 77.7° g 330° h 225° i 072°
j 187°
f E
4.2 m 3 a N
3.9 m
C A
∠A = 68°13'
6 a 11° b 37° c 6° d 40° E
W
e 71° f 35° g 11° h 50°
i 25° j 42°
40°
Exercise 6-09
S
1 a i ii θ = 20° b
70° N
θ 60°
b i 30° ii θ = 30°
W E
θ
S
ANSWERS 559
c N h N
32°
W 10°
E W E
S S
d N 4 a N
T
W E W E
42°
35°
P
S
S b N
e N
10°
M
W E
W E
80°
P
S
S c N
f N P
65° X
W E
W E
3°
S
S d N
g N P
10°
W E
W E K
9°
S
S

e N b N
80° N
250 km
W E 150
R km
W E W E
35° 280°
S
P S
S
f c N N
N
15 km
W E
Q 210°
W 5° E
km
P S S
20
S
9 a 230° b 270° c 160° d 340°
5 a 240° b 280° c 140° d 32° e 355°
e 050° f 090°
6 a 45° b 90° c 135°
7 N Exercise 6-11
1 a 21 km b 260°
A 2 a θ = 37° b 163 km c 143°
W E 3 a 63 km b 29 km c 025°
4 a 12 km b 035°
N 45° 5 a 7.16 km b 252°
S 6 a 19 km b 020°
B 7 45.7 km
W E 8 a 14 km, 13 509 m b 321°
9 a 3.7 km b 071.1°
10 a 2122 km b 330°
S 11 a 15 km b 26 km
8 a N 12 a 261 km b 168 km
13 6.558 km
180° 14 a 322 nautical miles b 276°45''
W E
Power plus
40 km 1 a i 0.342020143 …, 0.342020143 …
ii 0.731353701 …, 0.731353701 …
S iii 0.819152044 …, 0.819152044 …
N 50 km iv 0.996194698 …, 0.996194698 …
v 0.5, 0.5
60°
vi 0.788010753 …, 0.788010753 …
b Each pair of trignometric ratios has the same
W E value.
c The pairs of angles are complementary.
d sin 60° = 0.8660
S e i T as 75° + 15° = 90° ii F
iii F iv T as 30° + 60° = 90°
v T as 65° + 25° = 90°
vi T as 12° + 78° = 90°
ANSWERS 561
2 a 1932 m b 31° 9 a i 060° ii 240°

3 a β = 72° b γ = 22.5° c α = 15° b i 320° ii 140°
4 a 24°12'26'' b 63°17'3'' c 26°42'57'' 10 a 5.2 km b i 1281 km ii 024°
5 a 5° b 0.7 m
6 smaller building 21 m
7
taller building 30 m
a x° = 50° y° = 40°
Mixed revision 2
b i 085° ii 265° 1 a 32 b 168.75°
8 a 0.86 km b 2.35 km 2 a C bA
9 a 4 km b 343° 3 B, D
10 RP = 75 m 4 a i 24 ii 120 b i 45 ii 8
RQ = 60 m 5 a x = 22.5 (co-interior angles in a parallelogram)
3 4
b w = 35 (diagonals of rhombus meet at 90°,
11 a i --- ii --- iii 1 angle sum of a triangle)
5 5
b i 4
--- ii 3
--- iii 1 c p = 93 (angle sum of a kite)
5 5
6 a Item B b Item B
c i 1 ii 1 7 a $496.41 b $1218.75 c $320.32
8 John (by 50 cents)
Chapter 6 review 9 a $752.40 b $526.68 c $3536.28
1 a U: O = 15, A = 20, H = 25 10 D
V: O = 20, A = 15, H = 25 11 a i 53° ii 78° iii 59°
b U: O = VW, A = UW, H = VU b i 77°53' ii 69°33' iii 56°19'
V: O = UW, A = VW, H = VU c i 80.0° ii 35.5° iii 28.0°
c U: O = u, A = v, H = w
12 a 7.32 b 194.95 c 10.18
V: O = v, A = u, H = w
13 a 11.9 b 8.2 c 14.3
2 a i sin ii cos iii tan
14 a 39.3° b 51.9° c 44.4°
b sin X = 56
------ , cos X = 33
------ , tan X = 56
------
15 a 17.9 b 11.7 c 32.4
65 65 33
sin Y = 33
------ , cos Y = 56
------ , tan Y = 33
------
16 a 2.7 m b 2.2 m
65 65 56
17 212 km 18 75.7 m 19 50 m
c cos β = 77
------ , tan β = 36
------ 20 40.7°
85 77
3 a i 39° ii 45° iii 66° iv 12° v 28° 21 a
b i 12°9' ii 12°8' iii 12°9'
iv 12°31' v 12°40'
c i 73.5° ii 18°15' iii 46.4° M
iv 14°21' v 50°33' 10°
d i 65.0 ii 64.1 iii 210.8 A
4 a 60° b 42° c 43° 260°
5 a 14.67 b 72.50 c 0.88
6 a 99 b 21 c 23
7 a 32°35' b 28°4' c 37°49' b
8 a
70° A
tower
P
26°
400 m
Height of tower = 195 m
b θ
55 m
θ
100 m
Angle of depression = 29°

c h 5×p×p×p×p×q×q×q×q×q
i 5×5×p×p×p×p×q×q×q×q×q
165°
j a×b×b×b
k a×b×b×b×c×c
l a×a×a×a×b×c×c
T
mm × m × m × n × n × n × n
n 2×y×y×y×d×d
A o 4×4×a×a×a×m
15° p w×w×w×w×y×y×v×v×v
6 a 16 b 27 c 25 d 64 e 128
d f 125 g 169 h 512 i 1296 j 343
k 1024 l 243 m 78 125 n 270 000
A o 9216 p 30 375
34° 7 a 2751.261 b 0.021 c 0.026
W d −610.352 e 1.611 f 2.733
304° g −0.132 h 0.032
8 a 3 b4 c 3 d2
e 12 f 4 g 6 h4
9 a 3 000 000 b −160 000 c 4100
d 30 e 1.2 f 2700
10 a 256 b 108 c 1728
Chapter 7 d 180 e 3600 f 0.216
11 a −1, 1, −1, 1, −1, 1, …
Start up b i 1 ii −1
1 a 16 b 32 c 9 d 125 e 100 000 c i 1 ii −1
f 49 g 64 h 262 144 i 20 736 d i 0 ii −1
2 a 64 b 100 c 64 d 81 12 a i 36 ii 4356 iii 443 556
e 16 f 1 000 000 iv 44 435 556
b i 44 444 355 556
3 a 52 b 45 c 63 d 36 e y2
ii 444 444 443 555 555 556
f m5 g a3 h x6 i d4
4 a 10 × 10 × 10 b 8×8 Exercise 7-02
c 1×1×1×1×1 d 2×2×2×2
1 a 105 b 105 c 37 d 75 e 88 f 59
e 3 f k×k
g w×w×w×w h d×d×d×d×d g 610 h 412 i 1120 j 24 k 312 l 78
i p j c×c×c 2 a x5 bg 8 c w 8 db 13 e p20 f r2
g y6 hm 8
5 a 20 b 17 c 32 d 15 e 25
6 a 2 b3 c −2 d −6 e 10 f −3 3 a 6p7 b 12y12 c 18m9 d 5h11
e 24q 11 f 10a 7 g 30n 16 h 30b9
Exercise 7-01 i 3e 10 5
j 50p q k 16a b4 5 l 20w9y5
1 a i 3 ii 7 iii three to the power of seven 3
m 10a b c 4 3 n 10p q5 9 o 20g h6
4
b i 7 ii 3 iii seven to the power of three 4 a F bF c F dT e T f F

c i k ii 4 iii k to the power of four g T hF i F j T
d i 4 ii k iii four to the power of k 5 a 256 b 200 c 102 400
e i a ii n iii a to the power of n d 30 375 e 729 f 1000
2 a 54 b 102 c 83 d 322 g 100 000 h 1 024 000
e 95 f 123 g 14 h 61 6 a x9 b x3y7 c 60n3 d 20mn2
4 3
e 100p q f a b 8 5 g 4a + b h 22x + 1
3 a a4 2
bm c y 4 dq 6 e p3 f w1
i 3 3y j (p + q) k (x − y) l (a + 3)n + 1
5 3
4 a 2 ×3
5 2 b 3 ×7
4 3 c 5 ×8
6 2
d 63k2 e x3y2 f 52n3

5 a 6×6×6×6 b 10 × 10 × 10
Exercise 7-03
c 6 × 6 × 6 × 6 × 10 × 10 × 10 1 a 56 b 99 c 224 d 71
d p×p×p×p e 5×p×p×p×p e 100 f 84 g 2010 h 219
f 5×5×p×p×p×p i 660 j 84 k 36 l 27
g p×p×p×p×q×q×q×q×q 2 a h16 b y6 c a8 d b1
ANSWERS 563
e m0 f n6 g t9 h w24 Exercise 7-05

i e20 j d4 k p5 l w18
1 a 1 b 1 c 1 d1 e 1 f 1
3 a 2y12 b 5w6 c 8r 6 d 30x g 1 h 1 i 1 j 1 k1 l 1
e 5m8 f 2g6 g 2h9 h y4
2 a 1 b 1 c 1 d1 e 1 f 1
i 3g56 j a4b k 9p4q2 l 20fg2
g 1 h 1
m 10mn n 3x4y7 o 11e3f 8 p 5km2
3 a 2 b 3 c −1 d3 e 1 f 2
4 a F bF c T d F e T f F
g 3 h 6 i 4 j 9 k5 l 7
g F hF
5 a 32 b 128 c 3.375 d 125 m5 n −3 o 0 p 1 1--- q0 r 6
2
e 1 f 40.96 g 1. . h 64 s 3 t 27 u 5m4 v 12 w1 x 28
i 1600 j 512 k 0.148 l 81
6 a x5 b y6 c a3 d 4a − b e 2 Exercise 7-06
f 3y g 2m4 h 4n12 i p7 1 1 1 1
1 a ----- b ----- c --4- d -----
52 37 82
Exercise 7-04 e 1
--------
10 4
f 1
---
m- g 1
-----
h3
h 1
------
w2
1 a 46 b 516 c 312 d 228 e 22 f 912 1 1 1 1
g 100 h 620 i 515 j 250 k 35 l 70 i -------- j --------- k ----- l -----
20 4 −11 k8 c6
m 220 n 134 o 416 4 3 2 4
2 a --- b ----- c ----- d ------
2 a e8 b t25 c y21 d c5 d x5 d
3 m2
e m35 f y16 g h0 h p18 a m2 w 4a
e ----- f ------ g ----- h ------
b2 n4 y2 c
i w4 j x10 k n24 l d9
m k50 n d12 o a64 3 15k 12 y 2 m2
i ------ j --------- k ----------- l ------
4 p2 w4 m3 a4
3 a 16d b 25m2 c 16y10 d 81x8
y 3 4x 1
e 3125m f 8w15
30 g 10 000d 20 h 27e21 m ----
-
3
n ------ o ----------
d y3 vm 2
i 2b4 j 36d12 k 243f 20 l 1024c30
1 1 1 1
m 81h20 n 36k2 o 64w6 3 a ------- b ------ c -------------- d -------------
2m xy ( 4h ) 2 ( 5k ) 3
2 1 1 1 1-
e5 x2 27m 3 25h e -------------- f ------------- g ------------- h -----
4 a ------ b ------ c ------------- d ------------
( 3h ) 2 ( 4k ) 3 ( 2c ) 4 8y
32 49 8 36
1 1 1 1
e f8
------ f n 40
-------- g w 10
-------- h a4 m4
-------------
4 a --- b ------ c --- d ------
9 64 6 49
81 p 16 t 15 c4
1- 1- 1- 1-
e ----- f ----- g ----- h --------
4k 6 9r 8 a8 b4 125c 6 11 32 16 100
i -------- j -------- k ----------- l --------------
25 c4 d 20 27 x 9
5 a m−1 b w−1 c 8−1 d 9−1 e 2−2
5 a m30 b 53t3 c 28 d −x3
f n− 4 g 3− 4 h 10 −3 i e−3 j t −2
e y36 f 44w20 g −25d 5 h 2100
i −33p6 j 52m6 k 35f 25 l m8 k 2a−1 l 4t −2 m 2w −5 n 5d −1 o (2y) −1
6 a 64 b 81 c 1 000 000 d 25 p (7e) −1 q (3a ) −1 r
2 5(3m4) −1 s (8p3) −1
e −8 f −4096 g 6561 h −15 625 t 2(3k) −6
i 9---
j 4
------ k 125
--------- l 9
------ 6 a 3 b 16 c 9
--- = 2 1---
4 25 8 16 4 4
a 28
7 a l18m30 b x10y20 c -------- d 125
--------- = 15 --5- e 3
--- = 1 --1- f 4
--- = 1 x --1-
d 21 8 8 2 2 3 3
8 y9
−w3e6k9
m8 4
d ------ e f -------- g 100 000 h ---
n4 x6 5
w n- --5- --3-
p 10 q 15 7 a ---- b --- c 4 d e
g ---------------- h w16a8k32 i −243m10n5 4 m 4 k
t 20
j − --------
9 64 9 25 m 15
j 16p8w12 k1 l 1 f ----- g ------ h ------ i --------- -
x2 a6 16 4d 2 10 h
d 6 e 15 f 3 10 15
m -------------------- n − ----------------
m n
- o 64k9m3 64 p9
64 25
32 y k ----------- l ---------------
a6 c9 125d 6
p 64k8y10 q 243a15d 5f 20 r 1296d 20p8
8 a y3 b e4 c 1 dn e 12g2
5 20
k 2 p6
s − ----------------------
243a y
- t ----------- f 30a g 10
------ h 60
------ i 4
------ j 4q3
b 10 9q 8 x e4 p3
8 a 52x b 52x c (x + 1)6 k r3
----- l 1
----- m ----14- n 1
----- o 25
------
4 4t h b3 x2
d b4 e b20 f 324n12
1 5 1 p2
g 4n4 h 27x7 i 20y2 9 a --- b ------------ c ------------- d ------
y p2 q4 m4 n6 w2
-8 2 9
e m7n4 f ----------- g -------- h ---------
a2 b2 x y4 m 11

1 - -2- 1 5 --5- --3-

1
- --- - --7-
i ----------- j ---- k ------------- l --------------
p5 q3 h5 a 4 k 10 2x 5 y 4 e n3 f e2 g n4 h a3
20t a 1 4v 13 2 a 8 b2 c 32 d9
m -------- n --------- o ------ p -----------
r 2b 6 4h w3 e 100 000 f 256 g 216 h 27
1 c 1 1 1-
q ------- r -------- i 100 j --- k --- l --------
a 11 d 14 2 3 256
1 2 4 1 1 1
10 a --- b 27 c --- d --- m ------------ n ------ o ---------
2 5 3 8000 64 625
1 1 3 a 1.97 b 1.52 c 132.96 d 0.30
e --- f ---
4 9
e 0.03 f 5.28 g 0.02 h 2.41
Skillbank 7 4 a 2p b 2m 3
11
------
c 4d 5
2
---
d 9m 3
20
------
2 a 625 b 3025 c 2025 d 7225

e 13 225 f 56.25 g 9025 h 38 025 e 32d 10 f 256n16 g 125q15 h 100e2d 4
i 2.25 j 4225 k 24 025 l 60 025
4 a 441 b 10 201 c 961 d 8281 e 26.01 Exercise 7-09
f 3721 g 40 401 h 1.21 1 a 211 b 1511 c 43 d 712
6 a 3481 b 4761 c 7921 d 361 e 11 881 e 91 f 32 g 46 h 88
f 24.01 g 6241 h 141.61 i 719 j 28 k 71 l 149
8 a 144 b 169 c 324 2 a x7 b w17 c m5 d k2
d 361 e 121 f 2.56 e m8 f y24 g a2 h p
i t13 j d4 k q7 l 6b7
Exercise 7-07 m 20d13 n 6c4 o 8e6 p m
1 1 1 1 3 a 1 b 4 c 1 d 7
--- --- --- ---
1 a 82 b 35 2 c 10 3 d 15 3 e 4 f 2 g 1 h 4
1 1 1 1
--- --- --- --- 4 a 9m10 b a5w9 c x5y5
e 20 2 f 512 3 g 100 3 h 72 2
d p4q11 e m7n5 f 6c5d8
1 1 1 1
--- --- --- --- g 20w8m5 h 24a3b6 i 48y17
2 a m2 b w3 c ( 8k ) 3 d ( ab ) 2
j 2v k m2n l a8c4
1 1 1 1
--- --- --- ---
m 4l 3d 2 n 3x3y3 o 8g2h6
e ( 9y ) 3 f ( xy ) 2 g ( 18 f ) 2 h ( 10mn ) 3
5 a 7 b 64 c 16 d 1 e 25 f 31
3 a 8 b 7 c 10 d 25
g 3 h1 i −8 j 4 k2 l 4
e 0.2 f 0.5 g −4 h 32
i −2 j −9 k 14 l 30 1
---
1
---
1
---
1
---
6 a 52 b d2 c ( 3y ) 2 d 10 3
4 a 37 b 3 8 c d d 20 1 1 1 1
--- --- --- ---
3
e 3 4p f 3 100h g 3c
7
h 3 w e (4 p) 3
f ( xy ) 2
g 1000 3
h ( 3m n ) 2
1 1 1 1
5 a 1.59 b 2.83 c 4.64 d 31.62 7 a ----- b ------- c -------- d -----
78 2 10 15 1 y3
e −3.68 f 33.33 g 1.90 h −0.20
1 1 1 1
e ------ f ----- g -------- h ------
1--- 4--- 5x 92 10 3 ab
2 3
6 a n b f c x i 4-
---- j 1-
-------- k 10
------ l p 3-
-----
y8 3a 2 d q5
3 3
--- ---
d 6m e 10g f 14h 5 g 5 m c2 8t 3
m -----
-
3
n ----- o -------
w e3 m4
g pq2 h 3a3b3 i 2mn2 1 1 1- 1
1 8 a --- b --- c ----- d ---------
--- 4 3 20 125
2 9
j 5 k 5a l ----- 1- 1 - 1 - 1-
1
--- e -------- f --------------- g ----------- h --------
3 512 10 000 1296 243
a
7 a m6 b b8 c e6 9 a 4−3 b 2−1 c 10−3 d 7− 4
d p4q12 e 125q15 f 4h 4 e w−1 f k− 4 g d −7 h 3−3
g 4m2n8 h 32x10y5 10 a 1--- b1 c 4 d1
8
e 1 f 16 777 216 g 27
Exercise 7-08 h 3125 i 2 j 1 k --1-
9
1 5 1
--- --- l ---
5 4
1 a k b d c y3 d x4 6
ANSWERS 565
11 a 16a6 b m10n15 c 16k 20

-------------- d 64 y 15
-------------- Exercise 7-11
m4 27m 6
1 a 8 × 108 b 2.7 × 105 c 1.3 × 107
25
------ d 6.3 × 10 −7 e 9.3 × 10 9 f 9.3 × 102
5a 49m 2 2
e ------ f 4c2 g ------------- h 3125w g 3.04 × 10 h 4.5 × 10
0 −5 i 2 × 10−15
4 100
j 9.7 × 10 −2
125 a2 b6 y2
i --------- j ----------- k 2m2 l ------
d3 c4 16 2 a 6 × 102, 6 × 103, 6 × 105
16a 12 b 7.3 × 109, 5.5 × 109, 3.8 × 109
m 256k12n8 n 9g4 o 32x10 p --------------
c8 c 3 × 10− 6, 3 × 10−5, 3 × 10− 4
d 9.5 × 10−3, 6.4 × 10−3, 4.1 × 10−3
Exercise 7-10 e 4.9 × 10− 4, 3.5 × 100, 5.3 × 104
1 a 1.52 × 108 km b 1.3 × 105 kg f 6.9 × 10 −1, 4.3 × 10− 4, 2.1 × 10−8
−
c 2.9 × 10 cm 7 d 8 × 10 −5 m g 6.3 × 102, 9.76 × 101, 8 × 10− 4, 5 × 10−9
e 3 × 10 m/s
8 f 4 × 1013 km 3 a China, Indonesia, Japan, Vietnam, South
−
g 2 × 10 g24 h 1.2 × 10 − 4 m Africa, Australia, Cambodia, Lebanon, New
Zealand, Tonga
i 6.1 × 10 cm
2 j 1 × 10 −10 m
b Tonga, Lebanon, Cambodia, New Zealand,
k 7.7 × 10 m20 l 1 × 10− 6 s
Vietnam, Japan, South Africa, Indonesia,
m 2.2 × 10 light years
6
Australia, China
2 a 2.4 × 103 b 7.86 × 105 c 5.5 × 107
d 9.5 × 101 e 7.8 × 100 f 3.48 × 108 Exercise 7-12
g 5.967 × 104 h 1.5 × 101 i 3 × 108 1 a 6 × 108 b 2 × 105 c 8 × 1015
j 8 × 101 k 7.63 × 102 l 2.47 × 101 d 3 × 106 e 2.4 × 1016 f 5 × 104
m 4.563 × 102 n 8.007 × 100 o 9.0576 × 103 g 1.024 × 1018 h 1.8 × 107 i 4 × 10 − 6
p 1.302 × 102 j 3 × 10 −12 k 4 × 1015 l 7 × 109
3 a 3.5 × 10−2 b 7.6 × 10−5 c 8 × 10−1 2 a 2.856 × 10 16 b 8.3094 × 1015
d 7.13 × 10−2 e 3 × 10− 6 f 9.13 × 10−1 c 4.53 × 10 −9 d 3.15 × 10 −10
−
g 7.146 × 10 h 9 × 10
6 − 3 i 1 × 10− 6 e 3.01 × 10 −8 f 6.3 × 109
j 8.9 × 10 −1 k 7.8 × 10 −8 l 1 × 10−1 g 1.024 × 10 19 h 2 × 10 −3
4 a 2.5 × 10 4 b 4.4 × 10 6 c 1.85 × 108 i 3.81 × 10 13 j 1.14 × 1017
d 7 × 100 e 4 × 10−1 f 2.7 × 10−2 3 a 4.25 × 10 13 b 2.15 × 1035
g 8.75 × 10 − 4 h 6.7 × 100 i 2.0345 × 1010 c 7.04 × 10 30 d 4.68 × 105
j 9 × 10−10 k 7.3 × 101 l 6 × 10−2 e 8.12 × 1013 f 2.27 × 1036
m 5.52 × 10−1 n 2.299 × 103 o 3.5 × 106 g 5.45 × 1050 h 6.46 × 108
p 5.637 × 102 q 1 × 10− 4 r 7.03 × 100 i 1.81 × 10 − 4 j 9.50 × 102
s 2.7 × 108 t 4.004 × 102 u 5 × 101
4 a 1.2 × 10 9 b 3.2 × 1013 c 3 × 1015
5 a 5700 b 570 c 57 d 5.7
d 4 × 1016 e 7 × 1019 f 1 × 104
e 0.57 f 0.057 g 0.0057 h 800 −
g 3 × 10 4 h 2 × 109
i 80 j 8 k 0.8 l 0.08
6 a 600 000 b 7100 5 a 4 × 1033
c 302 000 000 d 3.14 b No, the power of ten is incorrect. Manal’s
e 0.000 06 f 0.0071 answer is ten times larger, which makes it
g 0.000 000 0302 h 0.000 000 000 59 incorrect.
i 1 100 000 000 000 j 0.0004 6 a 5.7 × 105 b 3.3 × 102 c 1.0 × 106
k 5000 l 0.000 476 d 5.5 × 10 −1 e 1.2 × 10 −2 f 1.7 × 10−5
m 0.803 n 63 200 g 3.9 × 10 8 h 4.2 × 10 0
o 0.016 p 0.000 000 22 7 a 3.78 × 1019 atoms
q 9 000 000 r 0.111 b i 507 seconds (to the nearest second)
7 a 2 × 100 b 9 × 101 c 7 × 102 ii 8 minutes 27 seconds (to the nearest second)
d 4 × 103 e 5 × 106 f 3 × 10 −1 8 a 2.3 × 10−2 mm b 1.9 × 1014 t
g 7 × 10 −2 h 5 × 10 − 6 i 1.5 × 10 −1 c 1.7 × 10 m/s = 1.7 × 100 km/s
3
j 1.5 × 103 k 3 × 105 l 6 × 10 −3 d 9.5 × 1012 km/year
8 a 1 b0 c −6 d 10 e 2 f −1 e 4.3 years
g 0 h −4 i 5 f 2.7 × 109 m/s

g i 1.1 × 10− 4 s ii 100 s g p4q h 9a4b2 i 20xy2

9 a 9.999 999 999 × 1099 4 a a8 b y25 c b3
b 1.000 000 000 × 10−99 d 32x15 e 125r6 f 256w16
g a4b2 h 25a4b2 i 1000g3
Power plus m 20 16a 28
j -------- k -------------- l 243m15n5p10
25
1 a 512 b 256 c 625 d 1---
e 1-
----- w e4
8 16
5 a 1 b1 c 1 d1 e 1 f q
f 5 g 2 h 1600 i 1 000 000
g 2 h 16 i 4
j 2 k4 l 3200
1 1 1
2 a 42y b1 c 102x d 36 6 a ----- b ----- c -------
81 82 9m
e 9a2 f 32a g 53n h 8x d 1
------ e 1
--y- f 1-
----
i 2m2 j 3p2 k 2n m5 y2
1- 1- --3x-
3 a 4 16 = 2 b 4 81 = 3 c 5 32 = 2 g ---- h ----- i
y3 3x
3 2
d 7 128 = 2 e 4
x f 5
m 7 a 64 = 8 b 3 64 = 4 c 3 -1
----- = − 1---
8 2
3 2 10 7 5
g k h d i 32 15 10
d 3
q = q5 e p = p5 f 3 2q
j n y 4
g 4a = 2a2 h 3 xy i 8k
4 a a4 b 4p4 c 2y3 d 3y5
10 16
e 10g f 4h8 g n4 h 4h5 ------
p2
− 8 a 625d 20 b 2y5 c 4x 5 d -----
5 a 9.42 × 10 10 b 5.2 × 10 4
v4
c 4 × 104 d 1.05 × 10−2 9 9.15 10 B (81) 11 D
6 a 6.7 × 106 b 1.57 × 107 12 a 64p3 b − 4n4 c 125w12
c 5.78 × 104 d 4 × 109 1 1
e 3.2 × 109 f 1.27 × 108 d -------- e −32x15 f ----------------
4h 4 9m n
6 2
7 a a = 4, m = 1, n = 2 8 12
--- ------
1
---
2
g 10 000e8d12 h 4a 5 b 5 i 4k2m
4 =2
1
b a = 9, m = 1, n = 2 j -------------- k −243d 20h5 l 2b3
125a 6
1
---
9 =3
2 13 a 9-
----- b −24 c 5832
16
c a = 16, m = 3, n = 2 14 a 5.5 × 104 b 5.5 × 10−1 c 2.5 × 105
--3- d 2.5 × 10 − 4 e 8 × 100 f 8 × 10−11
2
16 = 64 15 a 8100 b 60 000 000 c 3.075
d a = 625, m = 3, n = 4 d 0.0081 e 0.000 0006 f 0.030 75
3
---
4 16 a 3.5 × 107, 6.8 × 107, 7.5 × 107
625 = 125
b 9 × 10 −8, 4 × 100, 3 × 103
8 If a = b there is an infinite number of answers. c 5.7 × 10 −7, 4.4 × 10 −3, 3.1 × 10 −1
Otherwise a = 2, b = 4.
17 a 2.701 × 10−13 b 4 × 105
10 a 2n + 1, where n = 1, 2, 4, 8 … (doubling the
c 1.25 × 1017 d 2.5 × 10− 4
power each time.
18 a 9.6 × 10 − 8 b 1.5 × 107 c 3.0 × 10 −16
b 4 294 967 297
d 3.9 × 10 34 e 7.4 × 10 10 f 1.0 × 105
3.8 × 10 18 h 8.0 × 10 −5
Chapter 7 review g
1 a 43 b 62 c 101
d x4 e y2 f mn3
g 42 × 73 h a2b2 i 32a3 Chapter 8
2 a y13 b a5 c h10
d 6p7 e 9q11 f 10m8 Start up
g 15x8y h 30x3y3 i 20a4b5 1 a P = 40 cm b P = 88 cm c P = 112 cm
3 a 416 b x6 c b11 A = 100 cm2 A = 384 cm2 A = 336 cm2
d 2e12 e 5n6 f 8g6
ANSWERS 567
d P = 70 cm e P = 84 cm f P = 42 cm d
A = 200 cm2 A = 336 cm2 A = 96 cm2
2 a 3400 mm b 9.2 m c 0.565 km
d 2.385 m e 38 mm f 45 mm
1 1 1 3
3 a i --- ii --- b i --- ii ---
2 2 4 4
1 2--- 23 13
c i --- ii d i ------ ii ------
3 3 36 36
4 a 180 cm3 b 2197 cm3

c 1440 cm 3 d 4500 cm3
5 a i 5 faces
Skillbank 8
ii two right-angled triangles and three 2 a 895.4 b 37 c 83.1
rectangles. d 4200 e 5271.6 f 1561
iii cross section is a right g 31 840 h 6430 i 22.4
triangle j 48.94 k 7389 l 1142
4 a 73.34 b 0.94 c 6.52
d 0.104 e 0.704 f 1.985
g 0.02 h 4.159 i 12.3
j 0.007 58 k 0.0849 l 0.0251
b i 8 faces
ii two hexagons and six rectangles Exercise 8-01
iii cross-section is a 1 180 min 2 27 t 3 0.6 km
hexagon 4 4500 mL 5 360 m 6 50 000 m2
7 230 cm 8 45 000 mg 9 9 m3
10 675 cm 11 50 min 12 47 mm
c i 6 faces 13 0.4 m3 14 125 000 m2
ii two trapeziums and four rectangles 15 8h 16 0.75 L 17 170 000 cm2
iii cross-section is a 18 60 h 19 15 g 20 8150 m
trapezium 21 4.5 ha 22 300 000 g 23 165 s
24 14.5 m2 25 6 days 26 16 kL
27 15 cm3 28 3.8 ha 29 6 200 000 cm3
6 a 30 8 000 kg 31 48 mL 32 1.25 kg
33 10 800 s 34 800 000 mg
35 55 000 000 mL 36 600 000 cm
37 4320 min 38 2.9 t 39 700 mm
40 0.05 kL 41 0.375 t 42 5 days
43 6 000 000 mm 44 240 h
45 50 000 000 mg 46 500 m
47 18 000 000 g 48 0.08 km
b
Exercise 8-02
1 a 53 b 13.82 c 0.80
d 10.91 e 4.90 f 5.39
2 224 cm 3 17.3 m 4 4770 cm 5 1146 m
6 a 2.1 km, 1.1 km, 1.1 km
b 6.3 km
7 a 4387 mm b 6652 mm
8 a 47.2 m b 55.9 m
c
9 a 1.14 m b 1.21 m
10 a 70 cm (not 71 cm) b 86 cm
11 246 mm 12 14.7 cm 13 13.2 m

Exercise 8-03 2 a 960 mm2 b 352 mm2 c 2200 mm2

1 a 60, P = 144 b 85, P = 204 d 540 mm2 e 630 mm2 f 1824 mm2
c 60, P = 132 d 12, P = 84 g 540 mm2 h 324 mm2 i 180 mm2
e 65, P = 316 f 45, P = 230 3 a 75 m2 b 220 m2 c 392 m2
2 a 270 mm b 360 mm d 108 m2 e 232 m2 f 133 m2
3 16 sides 4 Length = 48 cm 4 a i 6 cm ii P = 24 cm
5 Cost = $4270 b i 9m ii P = 36 m
c i 12 mm ii P = 48 mm
6 Length = 60 cm, breadth = 30 cm
d i 1.7 m ii P = 6.8 m
7 a 360 m b 6 laps
5 a 44 m2 b $154
8 a sides = 16.97 cm, P = 67.88 cm
b sides = 21.63 cm, P = 86.52 cm 6 a 2.5 m b 31.25 m2
c short side = 13.42 cm 7 900 cm2
long side = 24.74 cm 8 a 100 cm2 b 50 cm
P = 76.32 cm
9 a 69.5 m b 64.02 m Exercise 8-06
1 a 300 mm2 b 172.5 mm2 c 90 mm2
Exercise 8-04 d 360 mm2 e 120 mm2 f 72 mm2
1 a 59.69 b 120.95 c 50.27 d 71.00 g 66.5 mm2 h 510 mm2 i 112 mm2
1 2 a 84 m2 b 800 mm2 c 52.25 m2
2 a i 90° ii --- iii 12.6 m iv 28.6 m
4 d 190 m2 e 54 cm2 f 3.15 m2
b i 180° ii 1
--- iii 28.3 cm iv 46.3 cm g 84 cm2 h 144.6 m2 i 752.5 mm2
2
3 a 46 m2 b 140 cm2 c 24 m2
3---
c i 270° ii iii 21.2 m iv 30.2 m d 168 cm2 e 100.8 cm2 f 47.04 m2
4
1
4 a 325 m2 b 141 m2 c 7.8 m2
d i 60° ii --- iii 36.6 mm iv 106.6 mm
6 5 a 288 cm2 b 432 cm2 c 216 cm2
7
e i 280° ii --- iii 58.6 cm iv 82.6 cm
9
Exercise 8-07
7-
f i 140° ii ----- iii 97.7 mm iv 177.7 mm 1 a 201.1 m2 b 84.9 m2 c 706.9 m2
18
d 624.6 m2
3 a 167.83 mm b 307.08 cm c 139.67 cm
d 34.27 m e 33.56 m f 94.25 cm 2 a 509 m2 b 79 m2 c 2313 m2
g 314.16 mm h 43.98 m i 41.13 m d 1056 m2 e 2566 m2 f 9 m2
4 a 182.8 cm b 72.8 mm c 121.1mm g 9 m2 h 4618 m2
d 129.1 m e 554.2 cm f 1416.7 mm 3 a 2228 cm2 b 293 cm2 c 952 cm2
d 442 cm 2 e 185 cm 2 f 71 cm2
g 104.0 m h 46.6 cm i 56.5 cm
g 370 cm 2 h 942 cm 2 i 52 cm2
j 106.5 cm k 54.8 m l 760.9 mm
4 a 503 cm 2 b 151 cm 2 c 193 cm2
5 a 31 cm b 201 cm c 251 cm
d 743 cm 2 e 4664 cm 2 f 471 cm2
6 40 laps 7 4.9 m
g 1383 cm 2 h 11 cm 2 i 314 cm2
8 a 40 074 km b 47 614 km
9 a 19 cm b 19 m j 1257 cm2 k 104 cm2 l 236 cm2
10 13 mm by 1 mm, 12 mm by 2 mm, 5 a 20 056 m2 b $1895
11 mm by 3 mm, 10 mm by 4 mm, 6 1.2 m2
9 mm by 5 mm, 8 mm by 6 mm, 7 mm by 7 mm 7 a 35 m2 (to the nearest m2) b $1137.50
11 50π 8 a 4503 m2 b $1125.75
12 a P = 2w + n b P = 4(x + 2) 9 a 10 m2 b 40%
c P = y( --π- + 1) d P = 2h(1 + π
--- ) 10 a 4 b 1:9
2 3
e P = 4(p + q) f P = x(10 + π)
13 a 399 m b 406 m c 7m
Exercise 8-08
1 a 253.5 m2 b 4140 cm2 c 103 680 cm2
14 73.9 m
d 125.36 m2 e 9600 mm2 f 9680 cm2
2 a 408 m2 b 636 m2 c 360 m2
Exercise 8-05 d 648 m2
1 a 96 cm2 b 45 cm2 c 84 cm2
3 a 1344 m2 b 4172 m2 c 2100 m2
d 300 cm2 e 540 cm2 f 180 cm2
d 2804 m2 e 492.7 m2 f 446.96 m2
ANSWERS 569
4 a 80 m2, $8400 b 171 m2 Exercise 8-10

5 3m 1 a 1620 mm3 b 504.8 m3 c 10 500 mm3
roof d 1045 cm3 e 19 968 cm f 4.05 m3
3
2 a 9.7 m3 b 94 247.8 m3 c 7.4 m3

wall 2.5 m d 42.3 m3 e 5026.5 m3 f 216.9 m3
3 a 536 cm3 b 5027 cm3 c 167 cm3
2.5 m d 12 900 cm3 e 33 117 cm3 f 3258 cm3
floor 4 a 251.33 cm3 b 320.00 cm3 c 68.67 cm3
0.5 m 5 a 1508.0 cm3 b 75.4 cm3
6 13 666 cm3 7 2094.4 cm3
wall 8 a 300 m3 b 300 kL
9 h = 24 m 10 1728 cm3
roof
Shed 1 wall area = 28.75 m2 Power plus
1 a square: 10 cm by 10 cm, rectangle:
3.5 m
20 cm by 5 cm
roof b rectangle: 6 cm by 4 cm, triangle: base 6 cm,
height 8 cm
wall 2m
c parallelogram: base 9 cm, height 4 cm, square:
6 cm by 6 cm
3m 2 P = (20π + 8) m A = 40π m2
floor
0.5 m 3 r = 33.9 cm 4 side = 17 cm
5 628 m2
wall 6 a A = (x + 2)2, P = 4(x + 2)
b A = w2π, P = w( π--- + 1)
roof 2
Shed 2 wall area = 27.5 m2 c A= h----2-

, P = h(2 + 2)
2
Shed 1 has the greater wall area. 7 a A = 2(pq + pr + rp) V = pqr
6 464 cm2 πx 2 y
b A = x(y + --x- )π V = ------------
7 a 15.1 m b 151 m2 c 100 m2 d 251 m2 2 4
8 1.66 m2 8 a r = 4.6 cm b 432.2 cm2
9 a 3682 cm2 9 50 cm/h
b The surface area has increased by 52 cm2. 10 a seventy 4 cm cubes b 1520 cm3
11 160 cm3 12 40 mm
Exercise 8-09
1 a 747.70 m2 b 3573.56 cm2 Chapter 8 review
c 206.47 m2 d 15.83 m2 1 a 8000 m b 67 mm c 900 s
2 a 904.8 cm2 b 8545.1 mm2 d 700 mm e 5760 min f 9400 kg
c 35.3 m2 d 3477.7 cm2 g 250 kg h 4h i 125 000 L
3 a 1009 m2 b 2160 m2 c 4 m2 j 0.025 km k 17 kg l 0.075 kL
d 1895 m2 e 7 m2 f 14 m2 2 a 9.95 mm b 15.80 cm c 1.39 m
4 a 9721.7 cm2 b 14 031.4 cm2 3 a RQ = 15 b AG = 18.5
c 14 778.1 cm2 d 4619.6 cm2 PQ = 39
e 3827.4 cm2 f 2708.7 cm2 4 a 142 m b 112 m c 60 m
5 a 352 cm2 b 75.5 cm2 d 36 m e 76 m f 52 m
5 a 12.3 cm b 36.2 cm c 91.5 cm
6 a 20 slices b 13 823 mm2 c 0.3 m2
d 180.0 cm e 106.5 cm f 90.8 cm
7 2953 cm2 8 1028.32 cm2
6 a 468 m2 b 72 m2 c 480 m2
9 5770 cm2
d 450.56 m2 e 210 m2 f 784 m2
7 a 14.1 mm2 b 177.0 mm2 c 162.6 mm2
d 326.7 mm2 e 121.1 mm2 f 73.1 mm2

8 a 9360 cm2 b 2290 cm2 c 2592 cm2 6 a B bA c C dB

d 1120 cm2 e 1268 cm2 f 3180 cm2 7 a y
9 a i closed cylinder ii 942 m2 4
b i open cylinder ii 311 m2
c i cylindrical tube open at both ends 3
y=x−2
ii 170 m2 2
10 a 7389.0 cm2 b 1437.3 cm2 c 296.9 cm2 1
11 a 11 084 cm3 b 10 016 cm3 c 36 816 cm3
0 1 x
12 a 10.5 kL b 172.5 m2 c 3375 cm3 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 5
−1
d i 59 000 L ii 1.44 m
−2
−3
−4
Chapter 9 −5
Start up −6
1 A(2, 4) B (6, 1) C(−4, 10)

D(−7, 0) E(5.5, −3) F(−2, −7) b y
G(0, −2) H(12, 4.5) I(9, 9)
7
J(−3, 0) K(−8, −4) L(0, −9)
M(3, 8) N(9, −5) P(−6, 6) 6
Q(2, 1) R(−6, −1) S(6, −7) 5
T(0, 10) U(0, 6) V(−5, −5) 4
W(2, −5) X(−7, −9) Y(−11, 2) y = 2x
3
Z(−1.5, 7.5)
2 a 6 units b 14 units 2
c 8 units d 19 units 1
3 a y=4 b y = 13
0 1 x
c y = 5 1--- d y = −2 − 3 −2 − 1
−1
2 3 4
2
4 a x = 2 1--- b x=1
2
c y
c x=6 d x = −2 1--- 7
2
5 a y = 3x 6
x −2 −1 0 1 2 5
y −6 −3 0 3 6 4
y= –x
b y = −2x + 1 3
2
x −2 −1 0 1 2 2
y 5 3 1 −1 −3 1
c y= --x- +1 x
2 − 3 −2 − 1 0 1 2 3 4
−1
x −2 −1 0 1 2
1
y 1 --- 1 1 --1- 2
2 2
ANSWERS 571
d y Exercise 9-01
7 1 a y
6 6
5 5
4 4
y=x+4
3 3
2 y=2−x 2
1 1
0 1 x x
− 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 − 6 − 5 − 4 − 3 −2 − 1 0 1 2 3
−1 −1
−2
e y −3
6
5 x-intercept: x = −4, y-intercept: y = 4
4 b y
3 7
x+y=5 6
2 y=6−x
1 5
4
0 x
−3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
−1 3
−2 2
−3 1
0 x
−3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
f y −1
6 −2
5
4 x-intercept: x = 6, y-intercept: y = 6
x − y = −2
3 c y
2 6
1 5
4
0 x
−3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
−1 3
y = 3x − 1
−2 2
−3 1
0 1 x
− 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4
8 a 7.8 m b 10.8 mm c 12.1 m −1
9 a 2 b2 c −4 −2
10 a −2 b -3
----- c 2---
d -5
----- e 2
---
−3
4 5 4 5
−4
x-intercept: x = 1--- , y-intercept: y = −1

3

d y 2 a y
4 2
3 1
y = −1 − x
2
0 1 x
− 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4
1 −1
x −2
− 3 −2 − 1 0 1 2 3 4
−1 −3
−2 −4
y = 3x − 6
−3 −5
−4 −6
x-intercept: x = −1, y-intercept: y = −1

e y b y
4 5
3 4 6−x
y = ––––
2
2 3
y= –x
2
+2
1 2
1
0 1 x
− 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4
−1 0 x
−2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6
−2 −1
−3 −2
−4 −3
x-intercept: x = −4, y-intercept: y = 2 c y

f y 7
6 6
x+y=7
5 5
4 4
x+y=3
3 3
2 2
1 1
0 x 0 x
−3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
−1 −1
−2 −2
−3
x-intercept: x = 3, y-intercept: y = 3
ANSWERS 573
d y g y
3 5
x−y=6
2 4
3x − 4y = 12
1 3
2
0 1 x
−2 − 1 2 3 4 5 6
−1 1
−2 x
− 4 − 3 −2 − 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
−3 −1
−4 −2
−5 −3
−6 −4
−5
e y
14 h y
12 2
x + y −12 = 0
10 1
8 x
−2 − 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
6 −1
4 −2
2 −3
−4
−6 −4 −2
0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
x 2x − y − 5 = 0
−2 −5
−4 −6
f y i y
7 5
6 4
y= 2x
––
3
+ 1
5 3
–x
2
+ –3y = 1
4 2
3 1
2 x
−2 − 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
1 −1
−2
0 x
−3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 −3
−1
−2

3 a y d y
5 5
+ 1
4
2x
4
y=x
y=
3 3
2 2
1 1
x 0 1 x
− 5 − 4 − 3 −2 − 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 5 6
−1 −1
x+
−2 −2
y=
−3
3
−3
y=−
−4 −4
4x
−5 −5
−6 −6
Point of intersection (−1, −1) Point of intersection (−1, 4)

b y e y
5
x
7
=
y
6 4
x+
2
x−
5 y= 3
6
y=
4 2
3 1
2 x
− 5 − 4 − 3 −2 − 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
1 −1
−2
0 x
−3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
−1 −3
y+
−2 −4 x+
−5 4
=
0
Point of intersection (4, 2) −6
c y
7 Point of intersection (−2, −2)
y=
6 f y
x−
8−
y=
5 5
3
2x
+
x
4
=
4
y
3 3
2 2 1
x–+––
2
1 1 y=
x 0 1 x
−3 −2 −1
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 − 5 − 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 5
−1 −1
−2 −2
−3
Point of intersection (3, 2) −4
−5
−6
Point of intersection (−5, −2)
ANSWERS 575
Exercise 9-02 c y
1 a No b Yes c No 6
x=7
d Yes e No f No 5
g No h Yes i No
4
2 a Proof
b The lines intersect at (3, 2). 3 y=3
3 (−1, −5) satisfies both equations. 2
4 (6, −12) satisfies both equations. 1
5 a (6, 0) b (0, −3)
c (6, 0) satisfies y = 6 − x. 0 x
−3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
d (0, −3) satisfies x = 3y + 9. −1
−2
Skillbank 9 −3
2 a (2, 2) b (−5, −7) c (4, −4)
d (8, 1) e (6, 4) f (−2, −5)
d y
g (1, 5) h (−8, 10) i (−4, 0)
5
j (−4, −10) k (12, 2) l (−15, −1)
4
Exercise 9-03 3
2
1 a y y=1
1
5
4 0 1 x
− 5 − 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 5 6
−1
3
−2
2
−3
1 y = −3
−4
0 1 x −5
− 5 − 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 5 6 1
−1 x = 2 –2
−6
−2
−3
e y
−4 5
x = −1 x=2 x=5
−5 4
−6 3
2
y=2
b y 1
6
y=6 0 1 x
− 6 − 5 − 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 5 6
5 −1
4 −2
y=4
3 −3
y = −3
2 −4
x = −6 x=4
1 −5
0 1 x
− 6 − 5 − 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 5 6
−1
y = −1
−2
−3
−4

f y e i y=4 f i y = −1 1---
2
5
4 ii x = 0 ii x = −2 1---
2
3 g i y=0 h i y=4
2 ii x = 11 ii x = −3
1 5 a i y = 1 or ii y = 3 or iii y = −1 or
y = 11 y=9 y = 13
0 1 x
− 5 − 4 − 3 −2 − 1
−1
2 3 4 5 6
b i y = 4 or ii y = 0 or iii y = −6 1--- or
y = −1 2
−2
y=8 y = 12 y = 18 --1-
−3 2
−4
y = −4
1 −5 Exercise 9-04
x= −1 –2 x=5 1 a (8, 7) b (7, 8)
−6
c (4.5, 9) d (4.5, 4)
e (2, 3) f (4, 5)
g y
g (7, 4) h (1, 4)
5
i (−7.5, 6) j (3, 9)
4
k (3, −7) l (1.5, 2)
3 m (0.5, 4) n (1, 2.5)
2 o (−0.5, 3.5)
1 2 a (2, 3) b (−1, 1) c (5, 5)
3 a (−6, 6) b (7, −2)
0 1 x
− 5 − 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 5 6 c (−1.5, 2) d (3.5, 1)
−1
e (5, 11) f (10, 0)
−2 y = −1 –2
1
g (−4.5, 1.5) h (5, 12)
−3 4 a (4, 4) b (6, −4) c (−4, −2)
−4 1 d (5, −2) e (7, −1)
x = −2 x= –
2
−5
y = −6
−6 Exercise 9-05
1 a 7.3 b 7.2 c 8.2
y d 14.3 e 7.1 f 14.3
h
5 2 a 45 units b 72 units
4
c 128 units d 104 units
3
1
2 y= 1 –2 e 29 units f 74 units
1 g 85 units h 101 units
0 1 x
− 5 − 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 5 6 i 40 units j 73 units
−1
−2 k 17 units l 90 units
−3 3 a 36.1 units b 32.4 units
x= − 1–2 x=6
−4 4 a i 30.0 units2 b i 25.5 units2
−5 ii 26.8 units ii 29.5 units
y = −6
−6 c i 25.5 units 2 d i 29.0 units2
ii 29.5 units ii 26.0 units
2 a x-axis by-axis e i 19.5 units2 ii 25.8 units
3 a y=6 b x=4 cx = −1 d y = −2
5 (4, 1), (4, 3), (2, 1), (2, 3)
e y=3 f x = −1 gy=6 h y = −4
6 (2, 6) (2, −4) (7, 1) (−3, 1)
i x = −1 j x=5 kx=4
(5, 5) (5, −3) (−1, 5) (−1, −3)
4 a i y=2 b i y = −1
(6, 4) (6, −2) (−2, 4) (−2, −2)
ii x = −5 ii x = 4
c i y = −4 d i y = −3
ii x = 2 ii x = 8
ANSWERS 577
Exercise 9-06 ii −1 ii − 7---

8
1 a N bP c P iii 11.3 units iii 21.3 units
dP e X f N
g i (7, −1.5) h i (3.5, 4.5)
g X
-15 7
2 The line is horizontal or vertical. ii -------- ii ---
2 3
3 a 2 b − 1--- c −5 iii 15.1 units iii 22.8 units
4
6 a S bS c S dI
d −1 e 3
--- f 7
---
7 3 7 a 52 units (7.21 units)
4 a 3---
b -1-
----- c −6 b 28.8 units
5 12
d -10
-------- e 5---
f 1
---
c 104 units (10.20 units)
3 3 5
d 104 units
5 a 1 b 1
--- c −5 d − 1---
3 2 e yes
e 1
--- f − --1- g − --1- h − --1- f (2, 1)
3 2 2 2 g (2, 1)
4--- 2--- h Yes, since the midpoint of one diagonal is the
i j
5 3
midpoint of the other.
6 a − 1--- b5 c 2---
d7
2 3 8 a EH = FG = 50 units
-1 5--- -7
e -----
6
f
2
g -----
2 EF = GH = 8 units
b parallelogram or rectangle
Exercise 9-07 c FG = EG = 58 units
1 a (6.5, 4) b (1, 8) d rectangle, since diagonals are equal.
c (6, 4) d (−1, 7)
9 a 73 units
e (−13, 14) f (12, −6)
g (9, 6) h (5.5, 1.5) b 80 > 73
i (14, 6) j (5, 3) c D (on), H (inside), J (outside)
2 a 2.2 units b 8.2 units K (on), T (on)
c 11.4 units d 8.6 units 10 a (−5, 4) b (1, 8) c 2
--- d 2
---
e 7.1 units f 21.2 units 3 3
g 5 units h 13 units e 208 units f Yes g Yes

i 15 units j 16.6 units 11 a 10.3 cm b 520 m
3 a 89 units b 18 units
c 194 units d 41 units
Exercise 9-08
1 a -1
----- b 1
--- c 4 d 7
--- e −1.25
e 82 units f 82 units 3 2 3
-1 1 -4 -10 5
g 5 units h 181 units 2 a ----- b --- c ----- d -------- e ---
2 5 3 3 4
i 10 units j 18 units -3 -2 5
f 4 g 3 h ----- i ----- j ------
4 5 16
k 40 units l 80 units 3 a N bP c P dN e N f P
g L hN i N j P kL l L
4 a 1 b 3
--- c 6
--- d −1
2 5 4 a −1 b −1 c 1
e −1 f 5
--- g -6-
---- h -5-
---- 5 a -4
----- b -4
----- c 3
---
3 5 7 3 3 4
i 1 j 4
--- d PQ is perpendicular to CD because
3
m1 × m2 = −1
5 a i (5.5, 4) b i (3.5, −0.5)
6 a -1
----- b -2
----- c -1
----- d 1
--- e −4 f -6
-----
ii 12 ii − 7--- 3 7 k 6 5
9
-1 -4 q -100 1
iii 12.0 units iii 11.4 units g ----- hh i ----- j --- k ----------- l ----
t 9 p 7 w
c i (−4, 3) d i (−1.5, 0) 7 a yes b no c trapezium
ii −2 ii − -----
20
- 8 a Check that opposite sides have equal gradients
9
and lengths.
iii 4.5 units iii 21.9 units b Check that adjacent sides have perpendicular
e i (2, 7) f i (4, −4) gradients.

c Check for parallel gradients. e i 1

--- , 5, −5, 0 f i 0, 6, 3, -1
-----
3 -4 5 3
9 a 5 units, --- b 10 units, -----
4 3
ii y = x
--- − 2, ii y = 3x − 7,
c right-angled d 25 units2 5
e ZV; (6, 1--- ) VW; (11, −2) y = 5 − 5x y=1− x

---
2 3
f Yes, equal gradients. g i 4, 2, 1--- , -1

----- h i 5, 1--- , -1
----- ,0
2 4 5 5
ii y = 4x + 2, ii y = 5x + 2,
Exercise 9-09
1 a m = 3, b = −2 b m = −2, b = 7 y=3− x
--- y=8− x
---
4 5
c m = 1, b = 4 d m = −1, b = 9
e m = 3--- , b = 6
4
f m = 1, b = 0 Exercise 9-10
1 y
g m = 1--- , b = −11 h m = 2--- , b = 6
2 3 7
i m= -1
----- , b = −8 j m= -1
----- ,b=5 6
3 2
k m = 1--- , b = 10 l m = −3, b = 11 5
4
4
mm = -1
----- ,b= 5
--- n m= 2
--- ,b=1 y = 3x + 4
3 2 5 3
o m = 1, b = -7
----- p m= -3
----- , b = 20 2
2 4
1
2 a y = 2x − 1 b y = --3- x + 2
4
0 1 x
c y = −3x + 5 d y= -2
----- x+3 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4
5 −1
e y = −2x − 3 f y = −0.3x + 7
g y= x+1 5
--- h y = −3x + 1
--- m = 3, b = 4
4 2
2 y
3 a y = 1--- x + 2 b y=x 4
2
y=x−3
c y= -1
----- x+5 d y= -1
----- x+3 3
2 2
e y = −3x − 3 f y = −x − 2 2
g y = 3x − 10 h y= x+2 2
--- 1
5
a y=x+4 b y= 3x 0 1 x
4 ------ − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4
2 −1
c y= --x- −5 d y= –--------
3 x-
+7 −2
3 2
−3
e y= –
-----x- +3 f y = −2x − 6
3
−4
5 a i 4, 1, 4, 2 b i −2, 5--- , 4, 5
---
2 2
m = 1, b = −3
ii y = 4x + 3, y = 4x − 6 ii y = 5x
------ + 1,
2 3 y
y= 5x
------ 4
2 y = 2x + 2
3
c i 1, −1, 1, 4 d i 2
--- , 3, −2, −2
3 2
ii y = x + 1, y = x − 4 ii y = 5 − 2x, 1
y = −2x − 1
e i 5, 3, 3, −5 − 3 −2 − 1 0 1 x
2 3 4
ii 3x + 7 = y, y = 3x − 2 −1
6 a i 1
--- , −2, 1, −3 b i −1, 2, −2, 1 −2
3
−3
ii y = x
--- − 2, y = 4 − 3x ii y = 3 − x, y = x + 5 −4
3
c i 1, 1, 6, − 1--- d i 1
--- , 4, -1
----- ,2
6 4 4 m = 2, b = 2
ii y = 6x + 2, y = 3 − --x- ii y = 4x, y = 3 − --x-
6 4
ANSWERS 579
4 y m = 2--- , b = 0
3
4
8 y
3
y= –x
2
−1 9
2
8
1
7
0 1 x
− 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 6
−1 y = 9 − –3x
5
−2
4
−3
3
−4
2
m = , b = −1
1--- 1
2
5 y 0 x
−2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
4 −1
3
y = 3 − 2x m= -1
----- ,b=9
2 3
1 9 y
5
0 1 x
− 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4
−1 4
−2 3
−3 2
−4 1
x
m = −2, b = 3 − 4 − 3 −2 − 1 0 1 2 3 4
−1
6 y
4 −2
3 −3
y = −x + 3 y = 6x − 7
2 −4
1 −5
−6
0 1 x
− 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 −7
−1
−2 m = 6, b = −7
−3 10 y
−4 9
m = −1, b = 3 8
y = 8 − ––
3x
4
7 y 7
4 2x 6
y = ––
3
3 5
2 4
1 3
2
0 1 x
− 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4
−1 1
−2 0 x
−2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6
−3 −1
−4
m= -3
----- ,b=8
4

11 y Chapter 9 review
4
1 a y
3
y= − ––
4x
+ 1 2
2
3
x + y = −3
1
1
0 1 x
− 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4
− 3 −2 − 1 0 1 2 3 4
x −1
−1
−2
−2
−3
−3
−4
−4
−5
m= -4
----- ,b=1
3
b y
12 y 4
3
y= 3x
––
5
−2 2
2
0 x
1 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
−2
− 3 −2 − 1 0 1 x −4
2 3 4 5
−1
−6
−2 x−y= 8
−8
−3
− 12
−4
m = 3--- , b = −2 c y
5
4
Power plus 3
y = 1 − 2x
1 D (1, 3) 2
2 a y = 2--- x − 2 b C (9, 4) 1
3
3 a k=5 b k = −2 − 3 −2 − 1 0 1 2 3 4
x
−1
4 a Z (0, 4) b m = −2
−2
c m= 1
--- d y = 1--- x + 4
2 2
5 AB = BC = 13 units; AC = 208 units.
d y
6 B (2, −1) 4
7 Method 1: For PQ, m = 5. For RQ, m = -1
-----
5 3
∴ PQ ⊥ RQ
2
Method 2: PQ = 26 units, QR = 104 units y= –x
2
+3
1
PR = 130 units
Testing Pythagoras’ theorem: 0 1 x
− 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4
2 2 2 −1
( 130 ) = ( 26 ) + ( 104 )
130 = 26 + 104 is true. −2
8 dJD = 40 units dKD = 40 units

9 a D (0, −3)
b For AD, m = 5--- ; for BC, m = -2
----- ∴ AD ⊥ BC
2 5
c BC = 10.77 units, AD = 5.39 units
d Area = 29.0 units2
e y = 5-----x- − 3
2
ANSWERS 581
y
e y b
5
9
4
8
3
7 y=4
y = 7.5 − x 2
6
5 1
4 0 1 x
− 6 − 5 − 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4
3 −1
2 −2
1 −3
−4
0 x
−2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 −5
−1
y
c
f y 5
7
4
6 x=2
3
5
2
4
y = 2x + 4 1
3
0 1 x
2 − 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4
−1
1
−2
− 3 −2 − 1 0 1 2 3 4
x −3
−1
−4
−5
2 a No b Yes c Yes d No
3 i (4.5, 0) ii (0, 9)
4 a B bC c B d y
5
5 a y
5 4
4 3
3 2
2 1
1 0 1 x
− 6 − 5 − 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4
−1
0 1 x y = −1
− 6 − 5 − 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 −2
−1
−2 −3
−3 −4
x = −6
−4 −5
−5
6 a y = −2 b x = −7 c y = −11
d x = −8 e y = −3
7 a (5, 9) b (3, −5) c (−4, −1)
d (6, 2) e (−3, 3) f (5.5, 1.5)
8 a 68 units b 10 units c 293 units
d 194 units e 85 units
9 a m=0 b m is undefined.

10 a P bN c P y
b
-2 2 -1 3
11 a ----- b --- c ------
5 9 14 y= 4x
––
5
−3
7 2
2
d --- e ------ f 4
3 11 1
x1 + x2 y1 + y2
12 a midpoint = (----------------- ,-----------------)
x
2 2 0 1
− 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 5
y2 – y1 −1
b gradient, m = ----------------
-
x2 – x1 −2
2 2 −3
c distance, d = ( x2 – x1 ) + ( y2 – y1 )
−4
13 a (8, 6) b (7, 3) c (−4, −1.5) d (5, −8)
14 a m = −1 b m= 3---
c m = −1 d m = −3
2 c y
15 a 12.8 units b 8.1 units 5
y=4− –x
3
c 6.4 units d 8.5 units 4
e 10.8 units f 10.8 units 3
g 2.2 units h 10.3 units
2
16 a AB: m1 = 5--- , BC: m2 = -3
----- , m1 × m2 = −1 1
3 5
b 5.831 units c 11.66 units
0 x
d 34.0 units2 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
−1
-1 -1
17 a ----- b ----- c 2 −2
2 2
18 a Yes b Yes c Yes d No e rectangle
19 a m = −4 b m= -3
----- c m=5
2
b = 16 b= 1
b = −1
d m = −3 e m = −1
---
2
f m=0
Mixed revision 3
1 D
b=0 b=5 b=6
g m = −1 h m = --1- i m = ----
-3
- 2 a 5.3 × 10 9 b 3.73 × 105
2 5
3 C
b = −3 b=7 b=1
4 a 215 b 412 c y40 d f 14 e p16
20 Line l: y = x − 6 1---
5 A
2
Line k: y = -5 x
-------- +5 6 a 15 400 000 b 0.0003 c 0.9876
4
d 600 000 000
21 a y 7 a 9k4 b h2y3 c w4 d 3m − 5
−32d10
10
3 8 a 9y2 b 16y28 c d 4m
y = 3x − 2 ------------
9
2 9 B
1 10 a 81m12n8 b 125k 3 c x22
1
x 11 a 1 b --- c 16 d1
− 3 −2 − 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 2
−1
1 1
12 a 125 b ------ c 8 d ---
−2 32 9
−3 13 a e2 b 5m6 c 2k2 d 9h8

14 a 1 b2 c 5 d3 e 3 f 5
−4
g 24 h −1
15 6.667 × 1024
1 1 4 7
--- --- --- ---
16 a 13 2 b 12 3 c ( 7e ) 5 d k4
17 a 98 m2 b 217.5 m2 c 225 cm2
18 a 22 cm b 82 cm c 31 m
19 B 20 60 cm
21 a 98.5 cm b 120.8 cm
22 a 418 m3 b 452 389.3 mm2
ANSWERS 583
23 a 108.6 cm2 b 485 cm2 28 a y

24 a i 113.1 cm2 ii 144 cm2 b 21.5% 4
x = −3
x=1
x=4
25 a i y 3
4 2
3 1
2
0 1 x
− 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4
1 −1
0 1 x −2
− 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4
−1 −3
−2 −4
−3
−4 b y
4
ii y 3
y=3
4 2
y=2
3 1
2
0 1 x
− 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4
1 −1
y = −1
x −2
− 4 − 3 −2 − 1 0 1 2 3 4
−1 −3
−2 −4
−3
−4 c y
4
iii y 3
4 y=3
2
3
1
2 x=2
0 1 x
1 − 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4
−1
− 4 − 3 −2 − 1 0 1 x −2
−1
2 3 4 y = −2
−3
−2
−4
−3
−4
d y
4
b i −1 ii 1 i 1 --1- ii 4 i 2 ii −1
3
3
26 a (1.5, −2.5) b (3, 1.5) c (−2.5, −1.5)
1
2 y = 2 –2
27 a − 3--- b − 4--- c −2
5 3 1 1
x = −4 x = –2
0 1 x
− 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4
−1
−2
−3
−4
29 a 7.1 b 6.4 c 3.6

30 D 37 a i m = −2, b = 1
31 a y = 4 b x=6 c y = 3 or y = −3 ii y
32 a 37 b 41 c 68 4
3
33 a y
4 2
3 1
2 x
− 4 − 3 −2 − 1 0 1
2
2 3 4
x+
1 −1
=
y
−2
0 1 x
− 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4 −3
−1
−2 −4
3x
−3
y=
−4 b i m = 3--- , b = −2
2
ii y
b y 4
4 3
1
3 2
x−
=
2
y
1
1
0 1 x
− 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4
0 1 x −1
− 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4
−1 −2
−2
2x
−3
+
−3
y=
−4
4
−4
c i m = 1--- , b = 2
3
34 a y
A D ii y
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
0 1 x
− 4 − 3 −2 − 1 2 3 4
−1 − 4 − 3 −2 − 1 0 1 2 3 4
x
−1
−2
B C −2
−3
−3
−4
−4
b 22.6 units c 30 units2 3

38 a i (−1, 5.5) ii --- iii 5
35 a No b Yes c Yes 4
36 B b i (0.5, −4) ii 2
--- iii 29
5
39 a m = − 1--- , b = 1, y = − 1--- x + 1
3 3
b m = 3, b = 3, y = 3x + 3
40 B, D
ANSWERS 585
Chapter 10 Exercise 10-02

1 a Student results Frequency
Start up 3 1
1 a 1.55 m at 4:00pm, Saturday
4 3
b 0.4 m at 7:00am–8:00am, Thursday
c 3:00am, Saturday 5 4
d 8:00pm–9:00pm, Thursday; 8:00am Friday; 6 5
9:00pm–10:00pm, Friday; 9:00am, Saturday; 7 8
11:00am Saturday
8 5
e 6 hours
f i 0.5 m ii 0.8–0.9 m 9 3
2 a Rugby League b AFL 10 1
c i 30% ii 12.5% iii 17% 30
d The percentage participation of each sport
3 a 12% b Sport b Class results
c i $374 400 ii $486 000 d $515 160
4 a i 6m ii 12 m 8
b 24 m c 33 m d 17–18 m
7
5 a i 40% ii 35% iii 18%
b Four students 6
Frequency
6 a 8 5
b i 3 ii no mode iii no mode 4
iv 5, 6
3
c i 7 ii 0
d i 10 ii 28 2
1
7 a Number
Tally Frequency 0
of DVDs
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0 ||| 3 Student results
1 ||| 3
2 a Number of children Frequency
2 |||| | 6
1 5
3 |||| ||| 8
2 8
4 |||| |||| 9
3 9
5 |||| 5
4 5
6 || 2
5 4
b 36 . .c 4 . 6 3
d i 22.2% ii 44.4% iii 33.3%
7 4
Exercise 10-01 8 1
1 a quantitative b quantitative 9 1
c quantitative d categorical 40
e quantitative f categorical
g quantitative h quantitative
i categorical j quantitative
k quantitative l categorical
2 a continuous b continuous
c discrete d discrete
e discrete f continuous
g discrete h discrete
i discrete j discrete
k discrete l continuous

b Survey results 5 a 9 b 1 head c 2 heads

d Number of heads Frequency
9
0 3
8
1 12
7
2 22
Frequency
6
3 9
5
4 4
4
50
3
6 a 3 b 73 c 14
2
d Morning; this is the time when teachers and
1 parents phone the school.
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Number of children
8 9 Exercise 10-03
1 a
c 20% d 45%
3 a Number of goals Frequency
0 2 15 17 19 21 23 25 27
1 3 Temperature
2 4 b
3 7
4 7
1 3 5 7 9 11
5 3
2 No; the scores are spread too much (ranging from
26
12 to 48).
3 a
b Goals scored
7 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
6 b 15 is a possible outlier.
Frequency
5 c Scores are grouped around 5, 6 and 7.

4 4 a Stem Leaf
3
2 3 2
1 4 0489
5 67789
0 1 2 3 4 5
Number of goals 6 24578
c i 4 ii 10 7 12237799
4 a 14 b 5 letters c 22 d 11 8 12248
e Number of letters Frequency b 88 c 18 d 17.8%
3 4 e i Yes, 32 could be considered as an outlier.
ii No
4 7
5 8
6 14
7 12
More than 7 10
55
ANSWERS 587
5 a Stem Leaf Exercise 10-04

11 8 9 1 a 9 b 15 c 1.8 d 13
12 1 1 5 6 2 a 5.4 b 62.1 c $1.23 d 10.4
e −0.4
13 1 5 7
3 a 19 b7 c 5.5 d1
14 3 4 5 6 9 9 e 8.7
15 0 0 1 4 4 7 7 7 4 a 15 b 5 and 6 c 25 d 7.1
16 1 3 5 Range Mean Median Mode
17 2 6 6 a 8 5.4 6 6, 8
18 1 7 b 8 15.9 16 12, 15, 18
b 7 c 20% c 4.5 51.5 51.6 –
d i No ii Yes, the 14s and 15s d 11 13.1 14 14
6 a 20 b2 c 9 d 45%
e 38 67.3 68 –
e 10; it’s very different from the other scores.
6 a Mean = 5.7, median = 5, mode = 5
7 a Stem Leaf
b Mode; it can be found by observation.
4 7 7 a Range = 14, mean = 24.4, median = 24.5
5 123334455567 b No; all the scores occur only once.
6 02348 8 a i 6 ii 50.7 iii 51 iv 51
b i 52 ii 40.1 iii 39 iv 39
7 17
9 a 52 b 68 c 60
b 95% c 5% d Yes, in the 50s
d i The twelfth score is the middle score
8 a 54, 55 or 56 b 27 (11 scores on either side).
9 a Rockets 8 Blues 13 ii 63
b Rockets 52 Blues 57
c Blues; they scored more than 30 goals on 10 a Stem Leaf
13 occasions; but the Rockets managed this on 4 015
only 8 occasions. 5 13568
10 a Sandy Greg 6 34567778
7 1 7 12479
753 2 5889 8 278
877553 3 45667 9 024
520 4 0257 b 54 c 67 d 67 e 67.9
4 5 4 11 a 62 b 38
b Greg c 57% c Since there are an even number of scores, there
will be two middle scores. For 30 scores this
11 a 9 Al 9 Au will be the fifteenth and sixteenth scores.
7 3 8 d 38.5 e 37.5
980 4 6 12 a 446.5 mm b 0 mm c 402.5 mm
d The modal value of zero is not consistent with
5543 5 046
the rainfall for the other months.
9874432100 6 002457788 e Median, since it is not affected by the rainfall
87432210 7 0123349 for July and August.
1 8 023 13 2760
14 a 6 b1 c 58 d 1.9
b i 9 Au ii 9 Al
e 2; the median is the average of the 15th and
c No
16th scores. There are 5 zeros and 9 ones,
d Yes, in the 60s and 70s for both classes
giving a total of 14 scores. Since there are
e 9 Au, as the fraction of students scoring over
7 twos, the 15th and 16th scores must be twos.
60 is higher than the fraction of students
scoring over 60 in 9 Al.

15 a Stem Leaf c x f fx
2 18 7.0 6 42.0
3 568 7.1 10 71.0
4 234457 7.2 8 57.6
5 14 7.3 4 29.2
6 02 7.4 2 14.8
Median = 44 Σf = 30 Σfx = 214.6
b Stem Leaf x̄ = 7.2
1 02 d x f fx
2 1236 0 2 0
3 47 1 4 4
4 589 2 5 10
5 047 3 8 24
6 6 4 10 40
Median = 37 5 6 30
16 a Stem Leaf 6 5 30
0 5667 Σf = 40 Σfx = 138
1 013 x̄ = 3.5
1 5556788
2 x Tally f fx
2 011224
0 |||| 4 0
2 66
1 |||| | 6 6
b Median = 16.5 2 |||| |||| ||| 13 26
3 |||| |||| 10 30
Exercise 10-05 4 ||| 3 12
1 a Score Frequency 5 ||| 3 15
x f fx
6 | 1 6
2 5 10
Σf = 40 Σfx = 95
3 3 9
x̄ = 2.4
4 7 28
3 a x̄ = 1.44 b x̄ = 12.78
5 6 30
4 x Tally f fx
6 4 24
1 || 2 2
Σf = 25 Σfx = 101
2 || 2 4
x̄ = 4.04
3 |||| 4 12
b x f fx
4 |||| 4 16
22 3 66
5 |||| | 6 30
23 8 184
6 |||| | 6 36
24 7 168
7 ||| 3 21
25 9 225
8 |||| 4 32
26 5 130
Σf = 31 Σfx = 153
27 4 108
x̄ = 4.9
Σf = 36 Σfx = 881
x̄ = 24.5
ANSWERS 589
Exercise 10-06 b Pollution levels

1 a 6.2 b 13.6 c 51.8 d 64.8
2 a 34.4 b 12.9 c 7.0 d 57.0 e 49.7 9
3 162.4 cm 8
7
Skillbank 10
Frequency
6
2 a x = 26 5
b Any three numbers whose sum is 39
c Any four numbers whose sum is 88 4
d 97% e 88 f 73 kg 3
g $622 h 48 points i 12 years old 2
j 205 cm
1
Exercise 10-07 0
0.02 0.12 0.22
1 a 19 b 25.5 c 47.5 0.07 0.17 0.27
Class Volume of sulphur dioxide
2 a
x f fx (parts per million)
interval .
c x̄ = 0.126
18–24 21 3 63
5 a Class Class centre
25–31 28 8 224 f
interval x
32–38 35 11 385
30–39 34.5 1
39–45 42 15 630
40–49 44.5 4
46–52 49 9 441
50–59 54.5 5
53–59 56 5 280
60–69 64.5 8
60–66 63 2 126
70–79 74.5 9
Σf = 53 Σfx = 2149
80–89 84.5 2
b 40.5 c 39–45 d 39–45
90–99 94.5 1
3 Class 30
x f fx
interval
10–19 14.5 4 58.5 b
Frequency histogram
20–29 24.5 10 245.5
9
30–39 34.5 18 621.5
40–49 44.5 25 1112.5 8
50–59 54.5 14 763.5
7
60–69 64.5 8 516.5
70–79 74.5 1 74.5 6
Σf = 80 Σfx = 3390.5
Frequency
5
x̄ = 42.4
4 a Class 4
x f fx
interval
3
0.00–0.04 0.02 3 0.06
0.05–0.09 0.07 7 0.49 2
0.10–0.14 0.12 9 1.08
1
0.15–0.19 0.17 7 1.19
0.20–0.24 0.22 2 0.44
34.5 44.5 54.5 64.5 74.5 84.5 94.5
0.25–0.29 0.27 2 0.54
Marks of students
Σf = 30 Σfx = 3.80

c Stem Leaf d Class Class

f cf
3 3 interval centre, x
4 1778 0–9 4.5 3 3
5 22368 10–19 14.5 7 10
6 02357889 20–29 24.5 11 21
7 001123366 30–39 34.5 19 40
8 77 40–49 44.5 7 47
9 5 50–59 54.5 2 49
d Ordered stem-and-leaf, as it is easier to Median class = 30–39

construct and it still shows the main features of e x f cf
the distribution. 12 5 5
6 a 45
13 16 21
b 140–146; 147–153; 154–160; 161–167;
168–174; 175–181; 182–188 14 11 32
c 164.5 cm 15 7 39
16 4 43
Exercise 10-08 Median = 14
1 a x f cf f Class Class
f cf
0 7 7 interval centre, x
1 8 15 35–39 37 3 3
2 10 25 40–44 42 5 8
3 5 30 45–49 47 10 18
4 9 39 50–54 52 15 33
5 6 45 55–59 57 28 61
6 5 50 60–64 62 27 88
Median = 2.5 65–69 67 22 110
b x f cf 70–74 72 18 128
45 2 2 75–79 77 15 143
46 6 8 80–84 82 9 152
47 7 15 Median class = 60–64
48 10 25 2 a Class
x f cf fx
49 3 28 interval
50 3 31 0.00–0.04 0.02 7 7 0.14
Median = 48 0.05–0.09 0.07 14 21 0.98
c Class Class cf 0.10–0.14 0.12 8 29 0.96
f
interval centre, x 0.15–0.19 0.17 11 40 1.87
1–5 3 2 2 0.20–0.24 0.22 7 47 1.54
6–10 8 7 9 0.25–0.29 0.27 3 50 0.81
11–15 13 10 19 Σf = 50 Σfx = 6.30
16–20 18 8 27
b Modal class = 0.05–0.09
21–25 23 10 37 c Mean = 0.13
26–30 28 3 40 d Median class = 0.10–0.14
Median class = 16–20
ANSWERS 591
3 a Class b Median = 32.5

x f cf fx Cumulative frequency
interval
histogram and polygon
81–90 85.5 3 3 256.5
91–100 95.5 9 12 859.5 20
101–110 105.5 12 24 1266 18
111–120 115.5 4 28 462 16
Cumulative frequency
121–130 125.5 6 34 753 14
131–140 135.5 4 38 542 12
141–150 145.5 2 40 291 10
Σf = 40 Σfx = 4430 8
b 101–110 c 110.75 km/h 6
d 101–110 e 70%
4
4 a Class
x f cf fx 2
interval
0
30–39 34.5 2 2 69 30 31 32 33 34 35
40–49 44.5 7 9 311.5 Score
50–59 54.5 12 21 654 c Median = 18.5 or median class = 15–19
60–69 64.5 14 35 903 Cumulative frequency
70–79 74.5 12 47 814 histogram and polygon
80–89 84.5 3 50 253.5
70
Σf = 50 Σfx = 3085
60
b 60–69 c 60–69
d 61.7 e 52% 50
f i 9 ii 15 40
30
Exercise 10-9 20
1 a Median = 8
10
histogram and polygon 0
7 12 17 22 27 32
Class centres
40
35 2 a Class
x f cf fx
30 interval
25 16–21 18.5 1 1 18.5
20 22–27 24.5 9 10 220.5
15 28–33 30.5 5 15 152.5
10 34–39 36.5 11 26 401.5
5 40–45 42.5 6 32 255.5
0 46–51 48.5 2 34 97.5
6 7 8 9 10 11 Σf = 34 Σfx = 1145.5
Score

b Cumulative frequency b
histogram and polygon 50
35 40
30
25 30
20
20
15
10
10
5
0
18.5 30.5 42.5 0.02 0.07 0.12 0.17 0.22 0.27
24.5 36.5 48.5 Blood alcohol levels
Number of sandwiches
c Median class is 0.10–0.14
c Median class = 34–39
d 0.11
d Mean = 33.7
3 a 25–31; 32–38; 39–45; 46–52; 53–59; 60–66
b Median class = 39–45 Exercise 10-10
1 a 4, 6, 7.5 b 21.5, 25, 27
The age of employees c 13, 15, 17.5 d 30, 39, 49
e 25, 27.5, 40
50 2 a i 10 ii 5 iii 14.5 iv 9.5
b i 28 ii 23 iii 31 iv 8
40 c i 47.5 ii 41.5 iii 53.5 iv 12
3 a 3 b 2.5 c 17.5 d 19 e 21.5 f 1.5
Frequency
4 a 3 b 3.5 c 3
30
5 a Class
x f cf
interval
20
0–5 2.5 1 1
5–10 7.5 7 8
10
10–15 12.5 15 23
15–20 17.5 21 44
28 35 42 49 56 63 20–25 22.5 6 50
Class centres Σf = 50
c 25–31 d 62%
4 a Class Class centre b, c
f cf 50
interval x
0.00–0.04 0.02 6 6 40
0.05–0.09 0.07 18 24
30
0.10–0.14 0.12 11 35
0.15–0.19 0.17 10 45
20
0.20–0.24 0.22 4 49
0.25–0.29 0.27 1 50 10
2.5 7.5 12.5 17.5 22.5

Class centres
Median = 16, interquartile range = 8
ANSWERS 593
6 a A B c
8 5 19
9762 6 144
40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
977522 7 23459
3 a 27.5 h b 26 h c 30 h d 4h
210 8 1126 e 50%
61 9 03 4 a i 21.5°C ii 12°C
b A: 76, B: 74.5 b Alice Springs: 11°C, Hobart: 5°C
c A: 38, B: 42 c
d A: 12.5, B: 17.5 Hobart
e Group A has less spread because its
interquartile range is less than that of B. Alice Springs
7 a Team 1: 51, Team 2: 36
b yes 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
c Team 1: 22, Team 2: 23 5 a X
d Team 2; although its interquartile range is one b i 12 ii 10
more than that of Team 1, its range is much c Y: smaller range d X: 10, Y: 9
less. e X: 4,Y: 5
f Not enough information given to make a valid
Exercise 10-11 decision; the interquartile range and the range
1 a 6 b 4.5 c 8 d 3.5 only differ by 1.
e g 25%
h 25%
6 a lowest score 12, Q1 23.5, median 33, Q3 40.5,
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 highest score 57
Number of hours worked
2 a
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
b lowest score 1, Q1 2, median 3, Q3 4, highest
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 score 7
b
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Power plus
1 See answer below.
2 a i 940
Power plus
1 a
1.5
Tide (m)
1.0
0.5
0
M/n 6:00am Noon 6:00pm M/n 6:00am Noon 6:00pm M/n
3:00am 9:00am 3:00pm 9:00pm 3:00am 9:00am 3:00pm 9:00pm
Time
b Tide height does not jump – there are gradual rises and falls.

ii Year 7 19.1%; Year 8 20.2%; Year 9 16.0%; 2 a x f cf fx

Year 10 21.3%; Year 11 13.8%;
Year 12 9.6% 0 5 5 0
iii Year 7 19; Year 8 20; Year 9 16; 1 3 8 3
Year 10 21; Year 11 14; Year 12 10 2 7 15 14
Students are selected from each year in
3 10 25 30
proportion to the size of the Year group.
iv A stratified sample 4 3 28 12
b i STR ii STR iii SYS iv STR 5 2 30 10
v SYS vi SYS vii STR viii SYS Σf = 30 Σfx = 69
3 69 4 100
b Frequency histogram and polygon
5 a Stem Leaf
16 0 1 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 10
16 5 7 8 9
17 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 4 4 9
17 5 6 7 9 9
8
18 0 1 2
b Median = 171 7
6 a i Stem Leaf
0 3567899 6
Frequency
1 012445567778889
5
2 0223344555788
3 00134 4
ii Stem Leaf
3
0 3
0 567899
2
1 01244
1 5567778889 1
2 0223344
2 555788
0 1 2 3 4 5
3 00134 Children per house
b Median = 18 c 3 d 2.3
c i Modal class = 10–19 e
ii Modal class = 15–19
Cumulative frequency histogram and polygon
d Stem-and-leaf plot using intervals of 5; it gives
a better indication of how the seedlings are 30
spread.
7 a i No ii No b 17°C 25
Chapter 10 review 20
1 a Continuous b Discrete
c Categorical or discrete d Categorical 15
10
0 1 2 3 4 5
Children per house
Median = 2.5
ANSWERS 595
3 a b
50
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 40
b 0 is an outlier since it is separated from the
main body of the data. 30
c Yes, the scores are clustered about 5 and 6.
4 a 51 b 66 c 67.5 20
5 a 9.8 b 50.1 c 19.7
6 a 34.5 b 17.6 10
7 a Class
x f cf fx
interval 135.5 145.5 155.5 165.5 175.5 185.5
60–64 62 1 1 62 Class centres
65–69 67 12 13 804 c 161–170

d i 38% ii 28%
70–74 72 10 23 720
10 a 67.5 b 54 c 77 d 23
75–79 77 8 31 616 11 a 40 b 10 c 25% d 75%
80–84 82 2 33 164
Σf = 33 Σfx = 2366
b 71.7 Chapter 11
c 65–69
d Frequency histogram and polygon Start up
1 a 20 b 14 c 16 d9
12 2- --5-
11-
e 54 f 2 ----- g h 2 -----
11 15 8 12
10 2 a 7n b n + 11 c n2 d n
---
3
9 e 5(n + 8) f n − 20 g 6n − 9 h n+2
Frequency
8 3 a 60 b 38 c 70 d 600
7 e 35 f 72
6 4 a 1 b 5 c 7 d −6
5 e 0 f 13 g 2 h 12
4 5 a 4k + 10 b 3n + 6 c 4k + 3
3 d y − 30 e 3 − 2x f 13m − 7
2 g m + 20 h 2x x-
i -----
10
1
Exercise 11-01
62 67 72 77 82 1 a Yes b No c Yes d No
Class centres
e No f Yes g Yes h No
e 70–74 i Yes j Yes k No l Yes
8 a 5 b 30–39 2 LHS = RHS in each case.
9 a Class 3 LHS = RHS in each case.
x f cf 4 a B bC c B dD e B
interval
131–140 135.5 2 2
Exercise 11-02
141–150 145.5 7 9
1 a y=6 b k = 18 c a = 10
151–160 155.5 10 19 d y=4 e x=9 f p = 11
161–170 165.5 17 36 g t=6 h h=4 i c=4
171–180 175.5 11 47 2 a w=5 b p=3 c y=6
d a=2 e g=1 f x=2
181–190 185.5 3 50
g n = −2 h a = −1 i y=0
3 a m=3 b y=7 c x=5
d p=4 e n = −4 f x = −6
g w = −8 h x=2 i a=3

Exercise 11-03 e 24.6 f 1300 g 1.3 h 2.46

i 2.46 j 13 k 130 l 246
1 a m=4 b n=6 c m = 75
d c = −10 e n = 10 f n = −2 6 a 14 076 b 1407.6 c 140.76 d 1407.6
g n=6 e 140.76 f 140.76 g 140 760 h 14.076
i 1407.6 j 14 076 k 14 076 l 1.4076
2 a y=7 b y=3 c w = 10
d w=6 e x=1 f x=3
g y=4 h x = −1 i c=2 Exercise 11-06
1 a x = 17 b y = 11 c p = −2
3 a y=3 b x = 2 1--- c a = 5 2--- d a=9 e x = 48 f w=3
4 5
d y = −3 e m = 8 1--- f n=6 g w=3 h x=4 i x = −5

3
2 a x = −9 b y = 22 c p = 11 1---
g a= 1---
h x = 5 5--- i n = 7 1--- 2
3 7 4
d w = −22 e x = 5 3--- f m = 24
4
j y = 5 2--- k c = 10 2--- l m = 10 g y = 5 --1- h x=5 i x=0
5 3 5
3 a e = 9 3--- b n = 30 c x = 12
Exercise 11-04 5
1 a m=6 b a=9 c y=8 d v = 20 e k= 4 12
------ f w = 20
17
d w = 50 e y = −9 f a= −7 1--- g a = 6 6--- h c = − 40 i d = −8 4---
2 7 7
g a = 14.4 h w = −30 i p = 6 --1- 4 a b= 14

------ b r = 1 --4- c a = −12 --6-
2 15 5 7
j x = 7.5 k x = −5 d p= 3-
----- e w = 1 -----
1-
f x = − -----
3-
2 a m=5 b w = 15 c a=1 10 11 14
d x = 26 2--- e a = −3 2--- f w = −53 g a= 28 1--- h x= − 13

------ i m= 19
------
3 15 29
3 3
g x = −3 1--- h x=3 i p = −100 j x= 28

------ k y = 5 3--- l x = 11 5---
95 4 7
2
j m = 21 k x = −1 l a=1 m b = 103 n y= 15 5--- o n = −10 1---
8 4
m a = 18 n x=2 o x = −3
p x=5 q h = 20 r y = 27 5 a a= − 10
------ b q = −20 c c= 1
---
11 5
d g = 2 6--- e x = −1 f a=3
Exercise 11-05 7
1 a a=7 b m=2 c h=5 g h = − 13

------ h n = 22 1--- i e = 2 11
------
15 2 16
d k=5 e y=3 f a= 4
---
9 j b= 19
------ k p= 3-
7 ----- l u = 9 1---
29 13 5
g a= 5 2--- h q= 1---
i p= 5 1---
3 5 2
j y = −3 k t=9 l e= 3
------
Exercise 11-07
13 1 a Length = 40 cm, width = 10 cm
mx= 2
--- n y = − 1--- o v = −2 1--- b Length = 36 cm, width = 6 cm
3 4 5
c Length = 27 cm, width = 20 cm
p f= 5
--- q x= 11
------ r b=2 d Length = 26.5 cm, width = 17 cm
8 12
s d = −10 t n = −9 2 a Franco is 50, Dean is 10 and Helen is 2 years
old.
2 a m=2 b y=2 c x = −11 --2- b Dario is 14 years old.
3
d a=0 e w = −30 f h = 25 c Phy is 20 years old.
g p=1 h v = −7 i e = 17 d Janice, 45 years; Paul, 51 years; Brett, 17
j n=1 k q = −27 l c = 12 years; Amanda, 12 years old
m d = −1 --2- n b = 1 --1- o e = −1 --2- 3 a 26, 27, 28 b 54, 56, 58
5 3 3
c 23, 25, 27 d 24, 30, 36, 42
p g=2 q t = −20 r l = −45 4 a I have 78 $2 coins.
s x= −9 1--- t a= 5 1--- u m = −5 6--- b I have 20 $1 coins and 100 $2 coins.
3 9 7
c Narin has 240 50-cent coins.
v x= 9 1---
5 5 a 21 m b 315 m2
6 x = 76°, 55°, 49°
Skillbank 11 7 $1.80
3 a 13 b 2460 c 0.13 d 24.6 8 a 11 b 12
ANSWERS 597
9 Father, 170 cm; son, 140 cm; sister, 70 cm g d= T–a

----------------- h b= 2A
------- −a
(n – 1) h
10 12 more weeks
11 $7.60 4 a a= 4–t
----------- b a= 6–t
-------------- c a= x – 2d
----------------
4 m+4 dm
12 He needs 49 $20 notes. 5(k – u)
13 She travels for 1.2 hours at 15 km/h. d a= -wh
----------------- e a= -------------------- f a= 1–g
------------
3w – 2 1 – 5t 2
14 Daughter is 20 years old now. A – πh ( 1 – p -)
g a= -5b
------------ h a= ----------------- i a= u
--------------------
15 15 and 42 5–r π pk – w
b(M + N )
16 75 litres j a= -------------------------
N–M
Exercise 11-08 5 a D = 3 1---

2
b M = 620 c V= M-
----
D
;V= 1
---
6
1 a y = 28 b y = 11 c y = 52.5
d y = −40 e b = 25 f b = −1 6 a C = 45.2448 b r= C
------ c r = 20.5
2π
g b = 34 h b = −40 i x=3
7 a $290 b d= C – 80-
--------------- c 76 km
j x = 16 4.2
2 a F = 68 b F = 95 c F = 14 8 a V = 4.6 × 102 b t= 2V
-------
d F = 36.5 e C = 26.7 f C = 37.8 c
g C = −23.3 h C = 28.9 c t=5

3 a V = 120 b V = −50 c c=8 9 a r=1− a
--- b r= 29
------
S 32
d c=8
4 a V = 187 b u=2 c a = 13 10 a S = −620 b l= 2S
------ −a c l = 20
n
d t = 29
5 a A = 160 b A = 72 c h=5 11 y = dk
------------
k–d
d h = 20 e x=7 f y=3
6 a $540 b $4500 c 6 hours d 9 hours Exercise 11-10
7 a $200 b $825 c 45 people 1 a N8 b p3 c k −5 d x 0
8 a 65°C b 91.25°C c 4 hours e T −3 f w 5 g ym h 6d
9 a 182 cm b 39 cm 2 a m + 3 8 b Q − 4 −2 c 4A 2
10 a 2.9 mL b 1 year 8 months d m
---- 10 e a + b ab
3
f y+35 g gw 15
Exercise 11-09 h 12 5 + p
1 a x=d−c b x= y – b-
----------- c x= p + y-
------------ 3 a 0N7 b −3 x 5
m a
c 5 p 12 d y6k
d x = pm − y e x = m(y − p) f x= cv + n
--------------- e −1 y 6
m
g x= k-
------ h x= m
---- i x= c--------------
– by- 4 a H 1.3 m b A 18 c A 18
mr v a d 20 A 40 e $80 A $120
j x= a+b–c
---------------------- k x= 2A
------- −y l x= m+n
-------------- 5 a greater than or equal to 5
y h d
b less than or equal to 15
2 a y= x
------------ b y= m – an-
---------------- c greater than 3 but less than 10
p–k a
ab ( m – p )
d greater than or equal to 1 but less than or equal
c y= a
---------------------- d y= --------------------------
to 7
d (m – k) b–a
6 a
e y = (Q − P)2 f y= r 2 – x2 −1 0 1
g y= 2
A –r 2
h y= M-
----
b
n
−1 0 1 2
i y= r2
------ j y= kx
------------
m2 x–k
c
k y = x − t2 l y= k -
------------
0 2 4 6
w–a
x(1 – r)
my= 3m
------- − 2m n y= --------------------
c 1+r d
0 1 2 3 4
o y= c2 –b
--------------
2a
e
3 a h= V
----- b r= A
--- c A= 3v
------ −6 −4 −2 0
lb π H
5 ( F – 32 )
d R= 100 I
----------- e k= C–2
------------- f C= -------------------------
PT 1.8 9

f l n −2 1---
−1 0 1 2 3 4 2
7 a x −3 b x1 c x4 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0
d x 1
--- e x0 f x −6 m a −1
2
g −2 x 3 h − 1--- x 2 1--- −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2
2 2
i −12 x − 4 j −2 x 3 n x0
−6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6
Exercise 11-11
1 a A, C, D bC c B, C, D o h −20
d C, D e B, D f C, D
−50 −40 −30 −20 −10 0 10
g A, C, D
2 a x3 b d 13 c k9 p f 4 1---
d m 10 e h4 f y4 2
g w2 h b −9 i p −4
2 3 4 5 6 7
Exercise 11-12 q c −10
1 a x7
−25 −20 −15 −10 −5 0 5
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 r x 16
b d8
4 8 12 16 20 24 28
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
2 a y2 b k4 c w 10
c y4 d h 32 e h 15 f t −3
g p −4 h a3 i c −1
−2 0 2 4 6 8 10 j x7 k x 16 l t1
d k1 m h 24 n y0 o x −1 3---
5
−2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 3 a x1
e y4 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4
−2 0 2 4 6 8 10 b x1
f m −2 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4
−8 −6 −4 −2 0 2 4 c x −3
g w 32 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0
26 28 30 32 34 36 38 d x0
h k −15 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
−30 −25 −20 −15 −10 −5 0 e x −3
i m 1 1--- −12 −9 −6 −3 0 3 6
2
f x 1 2---
−1 0 1 2 3 4 3
j p 18 0 1 2 3
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 g x 4 1---
2
k t −9
2 3 4 5 6 7
−18 −15 −12 −9 −6 −3 0
ANSWERS 599
h x 1 1--- d x4
2
−2 0 2 4 6 8 10
−1 0 1 2 3 4
e a1
i x −6
−2 −1 0 1 2 3 4
−15 −12 −9 −6 −3 0 3
f x −2 1---
j x −3 1--- 4
2
−3 −2 −1
−6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1
g k −4
k x5
−10 −8 −6 −4 −2 0 2
−10 −5 0 5 10 15 20
l x 10 h m 3 --1-
4
−5 0 5 10 15 20 25 2 3 4
4 a x −3 2--- b h 6 1--- c m3 i d −5 1---
3 5 2
d p2 e t1 f x −2 1---
3
−5 −2
−8 −7 −6 −5 −4 −3
g a ------ h m 4 1--- i w -----
-
6 2 3
j x7 4 a w −11 b m 29 c h −9
d x −8 e p −4 f y −6
5 a y 16
Exercise 11-13
1 a x3 b y −8 c k −11 4 8 12 16 20 24 28
d m0 e p −6 f p −4
b y −4
2 a x −3
−10 −8 −6 −4 −2 0 2
−12 −9 −6 −3 0 3 6
c y7
b k −12
1 3 5 7 9 11 13
−30 −24 −18 −12 −6 0 6
d a1
c y4
−2 −1 0 1 2 3 4
−2 0 2 4 6 8 10
e m4
d t −2 --2-
5
−2 0 2 4 6 8 10
−3 −2 f y4
e x 12
−2 0 2 4 6 8 10
−6 0 6 12 18 24 30
g m 5
---
8
f h −18
0 1
−36 −30 −24 −18 −12 −6 0
h y 36
3 a w −1
24 28 32 36 40 44 48
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2
b y −2 i a −10 2---
3
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 −11 −10 −9 −8
c x −7 j m −7
−10 −9 −8 −7 −6 −5 −4 −10 −9 −8 −7 −6 −5 −4

k y −3 b x0
−6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
l a 1--- c y −1 1---
4
8
−1 0 1 0 1 1–14 2
m x −10 d x 5 -----
5-
11
−25 −20 −15 −10 −5 0 5 5

5 5 ––
11 6
n x5
9 a p≠6 b p −5 c p −5
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 d p4
o m −1
Chapter 11 review
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 1 LHS = RHS in each case.
2 a x=9 b a = −5
p a 32
3 a y=4 b x = 12 c m=1
20 24 28 32 36 40 44 4 a y = −7 b p = −3 c x = −2 2---
3
q x −34
d y= 1 1--- e m = −10 f x = 18 1---
2 3
−40 −38 −36 −34 −32 −30 −28
g x = 3 27
------ h n = 4 -----
8
- i x = −15
31 13
r x −8
5 a N=8 b 42, 44, 46 c 273 students
−20 −16 −12 −8 −4 0 4 6 a P = 72 b t = 30 c D = 4.3
7 a w= v-------------
– xt-
b w= mt – p-
--------------- c w= y -
--------------
k m xy – 1
Power plus 8 C
1 See answer below. 9 C, D
∴ m = 26
10 a y 4 b w2 c x5
2 Backtracking cannot be used with variables on
both sides of the equation. d x 1 1--- e n −6 f m −6 4---
3 7
3 a m = −3 -----
9
- b e = 1 3--- c x = 1 8--- g y 3
---
10 4 9 4
11 a x −6
d m= 5-
12 -----
17
4 She has 26 emus. −15 −12 −9 −6 −3 0 3
5 The daughter is 15 years old. b x3
6 a z = 1 1--- b y = − -----
1
-
5 50 −6 −3 0 3 6 9 12
c Division by zero is impossible.
c x −7
d z= 2t
-----
a
−10 −9 −8 −7 −6 −5 −4
k(1 – w)
7 a x= v
------ b x= --------------------- c x= ms -
------------
d x −9
p2 (w + 1) s–m
8 a x −1 −18 −15 −12 −9 −6 −3 0

−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2
Power plus
− 10 × −3 ÷4 −3(m − 10) + 17 17 − 3(m − 10)
1 m m − 10 −3(m − 10) − −−−−−−−−−−−−
4 4
=
+ 10 ÷ −3 ×4 − 17
26 16 −48 −12 5
∴ m = 26
ANSWERS 601
Chapter 12 7 perimeter, area, congruent, equal

8 a Perimeter X = 12 cm, perimeter Y = 12 cm
b No, since length of X ≠ length of Y and width
Start up of X ≠ width of Y.
1 A and K, B and I, C and L, D and J, E and R, 9 a Area X = 12 cm2, area Y = 12 cm2
F and M, G and N, H and Q, P and S
b No, since length of X ≠ length of Y and width
2 a i ∠P and ∠N, ∠T and ∠L, ∠Q and ∠M of X ≠ width of Y.
ii PT and NL, TQ and LM, PQ and NM
10 a
b i ∠A and ∠K, ∠D and ∠F, ∠C and ∠G,
∠B and ∠H
ii AB and KH, BC and HG, CD and GF, 3 cm 2 cm 3 cm 3 cm
AD and KF
3 a A and B b A and C
4 cm 3 cm
c B and C d A and B
Perimeter = 9 cm but the triangles are not
Exercise 12-01 congruent
1 a BC and HF, AB and HG b
b ∠B and ∠H, ∠C and ∠F 2 cm
2 a i ∠X and ∠P, ∠Z and ∠L, ∠W and ∠N 2 cm
ii XW and PN, WZ and NL, XZ and PL
b i ∠F and ∠P, ∠E and ∠T, ∠D and ∠X, 3 cm 3 cm
∠G and ∠R Area = 3 cm2 but the triangles are not
ii FE and PT, ED and TX, DG and XR, congruent.
GF and RP 11 a F bF c T dT
c i ∠K and ∠S, ∠J and ∠R, ∠M and ∠P,
∠H and ∠Q Exercise 12-02
ii KJ and SR, JM and RP, MH and PQ,
1 a RHS b SSS c SAS d AAS
HK and QS
e SSS f SAS g RHS h AAS
d i ∠B and ∠K, ∠C and ∠M, ∠D and ∠L
i RHS j SAS k AAS l SSS
ii BC and KM, CD and ML, BD and KL
2 a ∆ABC ≡ ∆GHI (AAS)
3 corresponding, matching, angles, congruent,
b ∆MNO ≡ ∆YXW (RHS)
equal
c ∆UVT ≡ ∆CDE (SSS)
4 a lengths of sides of both rectangles are 20 mm
d ∆PQT ≡ ∆ADF (AAS)
and 40 mm
e ∆KHZ ≡ ∆MTY (SAS)
b i Perimeter X = 12 cm, perimeter Y = 12 cm
f ∆BDE ≡ ∆FIJ (RHS)
ii Area A = 8 cm2, area Y = 8 cm2 g ∆MNP ≡ ∆RTS (SSS)
The perimeters and areas of congruent h ∆VTM ≡ ∆DCE (SAS)
rectangles are equal. 3 a X and Y; AAS b Y and Z; SAS
5 a LN = HF, LM = HG, MN = GF and c X and Z; AAS d X and Z; SAS
∠L = ∠H, ∠M = ∠G, ∠N = ∠F e X and Z; SSS f X and Y; AAS
b i Perimeter ∆LMN = 104 mm, g X and Y; RHS h Y and Z; RHS
perimeter ∆HGF = 104 mm 4 a No b Yes, RHS c No
ii Area ∆LMN = 20 square units, d No e Yes, SAS f No
area ∆HGF = 20 square units
5 a A right angle in each triangle; or the third sides
The perimeters and areas of congruent
equal, or angles in corresponding positions
triangles are equal.
equal
6 a ED = RS, DC = ST, CB = TP, BA = PQ, b Another side or angle in each triangle to be
AE = QR equal
and ∠E = ∠R, ∠D = ∠S, ∠C = ∠T, ∠B = ∠P, c The hypotenuse or angles in corresponding
∠A = ∠Q positions to be equal
b i Perimeter ABCDE = 102 mm, d Corresponding sides in each triangle to be
perimeter PQRST = 102 mm equal
ii Area ABCDE = 27 square units,
area PQRST = 27 square units
The perimeter and areas of the congruent
figures are equal.

Exercise 12-03 5 a AB is common.

AD = BC (opposite sides of a rectangle are
1 a d = 4.5 b m = 48, k = 9.4
equal)
c m = 38 d d = 10
∠A = ∠B = 90° (angles of a rectangle)
e y = 19, k = 67 f x = 110
∴ ∆ABD ≡ ∆BAC (SAS)
2 a DF = 13 cm b 13
b XW = XZ (equal sides of isosceles triangle)
3 k = 15.3 WY = ZY (Y is midpoint of WZ)
4 a ∠X = ∠Z = 90° (given) XY is common.
XY = ZY (given) ∴ ∆WYX ≡ ∆ZYX (SSS)
WY is common. c EF = GH (opposite sides of a parallelogram are
∴ ∆XYW ≡ ∆ZYW (SAS) equal)
b ∠ABC = ∠DCB (given) EH = GF (as above)
AB = DC (given) HF is common.
BC is common. ∴ ∆EFH ≡ ∆GHF (SSS)
∴ ∆ABC ≡ ∆BCD (SAS) d OA = OC (equal radii)
c EG = EH (given) OB = OD (equal radii)
∠D = ∠F (alternate angles, HD FG) AB = CD (given)
∠H = ∠G (alternate angles HD FG) ∴ ∆AOB ≡ ∆COD (SSS)
∴ ∆DEH = ∆FEG (AAS) e PQ = PR (equal sides of isosceles triangle)
d BC = DC (given) ∠Q = ∠R (equal angles of isosceles triangle)
AB = AD (given) QT = RM (given)
AC is common. ∴ ∆PQT ≡ ∆PRM (SAS)
∴ ∆ABC ≡ ∆ADC (SSS) f DG = DE (equal sides of a square)
e DG = FE (given) ∠G = ∠E = 90° (angles in a square)
∠DGE = ∠ FEG = 90° (given) GK = GF − KF; but GF = EF (sides of a
EG is common. square)
∴ ∆DEG ≡ ∆FGE (SAS) and KF = LF (given)
f PQ = LQ (given) GK = EF − LF = LE
NQ = MQ (given) ∴ ∆DKG ≡ ∆DLE (SAS)
∠PQN = ∠LQM (vertically opposite angles) g ∠A = ∠C (opposite angles of a parallelogram
∴ ∆PQN ≡ ∆LQM (SAS) are equal)
g ∠DEG = ∠EDF (given) AD = CB (opposite sides of a parallelogram are
GE = FD (given) equal)
ED is common. AM = AB − MB; but AB = CD (opposite sides
∴ ∆DEG ≡ ∆EDG (SAS) of a parallelogram).
h WX = YV (given) MB = ND (given); AM = CD − ND = NC
WV = YX (given) ∴ ∆AMD ≡ ∆CNB (SAS)
WY is common. h OA = OB (equal radii)
∴ ∆WXY ≡ ∆YVW (SSS) ∠OCA = ∠OCB = 90° (OC ⊥ AB)
i PQ = QR (given) OC is common.
∠VPQ = ∠TQR (corresponding angles, ∴ ∆OAC ≡ ∆OBC (RHS)
PW QT) 6 a i PT = MS (given
∠VQP = ∠TRQ (corresponding angles, PM = ST (given)
RW QV) MT is common.
∴ ∆PVQ ≡ ∆QRT (AAS) ∴ ∆TPM ≡ ∆MST (SSS)
j AC = CE (given) ii ∠PMT = ∠STM (matching sides of
BC = CD (given) congruent triangles)
∠ACB = ∠ECD (vertically opposite angles) iii PM ST (alternate angles proved equal in ii)
∴ ∆ABC ≡ ∆CDE (SAS) b i ∠XYB = ∠ABY (alternate angles, XY AB)
k XC = YB (given) ∠XYZ = 180° − ∠XYB (angles on a straight
∠BXC = ∠CYB (CX ⊥ AB, BY ⊥ AC) line)
BC is common. = 180° − ∠ABY (∠XYB = ∠ABY)
∴ ∆BCX ≡ ∆CBY (RHS) = ∠ABC
l ∠FNM = ∠TMN (alternate angles, FN TM) ii YZ = BC (given)
∠FMN = ∠TNM (alternate angles, TN FM) ∠XYZ = ∠ABC (proved in i)
NM is common. ∠XZY = ∠ACB (alternate angles, AC XZ)
∴ ∆FNM ≡ ∆TMN (AAS) ∴ ∆XYZ ≡ ∆ABC (AAS)
ANSWERS 603
c i FE is common. c AAS
∠E = ∠F = 90° (angles in a rectangle) d Matching sides of congruent triangles
ED = FC (opposite sides of a rectangle are e rectangle, bisect
equal) 7 a AD is a side of ∆ABD and a side of ∆ACD
∴ ∆FED ≡ ∆EFC (SAS) b SSS
ii FD = EC (matching sides of congruent c Matching angles of congruent triangles
triangles) d ∠C
d TK = LK (TL is bisected) e angles, equal, equal
∠T = ∠L (alternate angles, TS PL) 8 a SSS
∠S = ∠P (as above) b Yes, matching angles of congruent triangles
∴ ∆TSK ≡ ∆PLK (AAS) d SSS
e i LM = LK (equal sides of isosceles triangles) e Yes, matching angles of congruent triangles
∠M = ∠K (equal angles of isosceles f ∠L = ∠M = ∠N
triangle) g 60°
MN = KP (given) h equal, 60°
∴ ∆LMN ≡ ∆LPK (SAS) 9 a Draw AD ⊥ BC.
ii LN = LP (matching sides of congruent A
In ∆ABD and ∆ACD:
triangles) AD is common.
∴ ∆LNP is isosceles (two sides of triangles ∠B = ∠C (given)
are equal) ∠ADB = ∠ADC = 90°
f i PQ = PR (given) (supplementary angles)
TQ = TR (given) ∴ ∆ABD ≡ ∆ACD (AAS)
TP is common. ∴ AB = AC (matching
∴ ∆PQT ≡ ∆PRT (SSS) sides of congruent B C
D
ii ∠QPT = ∠RPT (matching sides of triangles)
congruent triangles) ∴ sides opposite equal angles are equal.
∴ DPT bisects ∠QPR. b i In ∆GHX and G
∆GKX:
Exercise 12-04 GH = GK (∆GHK is
1 a SSS b ∠DCB, ∠CDB, ∠CBD equilateral)
c i CD ii CB iii equal HX = KX (X is
iv bisected, BD midpoint of HK)
2 a SAS b YW GX is common.
c The diagonals are equal H K
∴ ∆GHX ≡ ∆GKX X
3 b D C c AAS (SSS)
∴ ∠H = ∠K (matching sides of congruent
triangles)
ii ∆KHY ≡ ∆KGY (SSS) (proof similar to i)
A B ∴ ∠H = ∠G (matching sides of congruent
d matching, congruent triangles)
iii Since ∠H = ∠K and ∠H = ∠G
e D C f AAS
∠H = ∠K = ∠G
But ∠H + ∠K + ∠G = 180°
∴ ∠H = ∠K = ∠G = 60°
c i QR = QT (∆QRT is isosceles)
A B ∠R = ∠T (given)
g Matching angles of congruent triangles ADC RP = TP (RT is bisected)
and CBA
∴ ∆QPR ≡ ∆QPT (SAS)
h Angles, parallelogram, equal
ii ∠QPR = ∠QPR (matching angles of
4 a YZ b AAS
congruent triangles)
c XY, matching, congruent, sides, equal, equal
But ∠QPT + ∠QPR = 180° (angles on a
5 a SSS b ∠SQT, ∠STQ
line)
c ∠SQT, bisected, diagonal
∴ ∠QPT = ∠QPR = 90°
d rhombus, bisected, diagonal
∴ QP ⊥ RT.
6 a ∠PLT and ∠MNT, ∠LPT and ∠NMT
b Opposite sides of a rectangle are equal. 10 a i ∠ZYW = ∠XWY (alternate angles, ZY WX)

∠ZWY = ∠XYW (alternate angles, WZ XY) 3 a 17

------ b 2
--- c 16
------
40 3 25
WY is common.
1 5 2
∴ ∆ZYW ≡ ∆XWY (AAS) d ---
4
e ------
24
f ------
25
ii ∠Z = ∠X (matching sides of congruent
triangles) Exercise 12-05
b i ∠YZX = ∠WXZ (alternate angles, WX ZY) 1 1
1 a 1.5 b3 c --- d ---
∠YXZ = ∠WZX (alternate angles, WZ XY) 2 3
--1-
5
ZX is common. e 2 f g --- or 1 --2- h 2
---
2 3 3 3
∴ ∆ZXY ≡ ∆ZXW (AAS) i 2 j 2
---
ii ∠Y = ∠W (matching angles of congruent 3
triangles) 2 a A′
A
c opposite, parallelogram, equal.
11 a FG = FL (given)
HG = HL (given)
FH is common.
∴ ∆FGL ≡ ∆FLH (SSS)
b ∠GFH = ∠LFH b A
and ∠GHF = ∠LHF (matching angles of A′
∴ FH bisects ∠GFL and ∠GHL.
12 a i DG = FE (opposite sides of rhombus are
equal)
∠DGT = ∠FET (alternate angles, DG FE) c A′
∠GDT = ∠EFT (alternate angles, DG FE) A
∴ ∆DGT ≡ ∆FET (AAS)
ii GT = TE and DT = TF (matching sides of
b i DE = DG (sides of rhombus are equal)
DT is common. d A A′
GT = TE (proved in a)
∴ ∆DET ≡ ∆DGT (SSS)
ii ∠DTG = ∠DTE (matching angles of
congruent triangles) e A′
A
But ∠DTG + ∠DTE = 180°
∴ ∠DTG = 90°
c diagonals, rhombus, right
13 a AB = CD (given)
AD = BC (given)
f A A′
AC is common.
∴ ∆ACD ≡ ∆ACB (SSS)
b ∠DCA = ∠BAC (matching angles of congruent
triangles)
∴ AB CD (alternate angles are equal)
∠DAC = ∠ACB (matching angles of congruent
triangles)
∴ AD BC (alternate angles are equal)
Skillbank 12
2 a 2
--- b 4---
c 5---
d 1--- Exercise 12-06
3 5 7 2 1 a, c, e, h
e 1
---
4
f 1
---
6
g 5
---
6
h 2
---
5
2 a i ∠A and ∠F, ∠C and ∠D, ∠B and ∠E
i 5:9 j 5:9 k 9 : 20 l 4:5 ii AC and FD, AB and FE, BC and ED
3--- 4-
b i ∠P and ∠V, ∠L and ∠Y, ∠N and ∠X,
m9 : 7 n 4:3 o p -----
∠M and ∠W
5 35
1 4 5 1
q --- r --- s ------ t ---
4 9 32 4
ANSWERS 605
ii PL and VY, LN and YX, NM and WX, g GF = 36 mm h XY = 6 cm

MP and WV GD = 12 mm DE = 7.3 cm
c i ∠T and ∠J, ∠P and ∠G, ∠R and ∠H KL = 18 mm
ii TP and JG, PR and GH, TR and JH KN = LM = 54 mm
d i ∠A and ∠B, ∠X and ∠K, ∠T and ∠G, i PQ = 15.6 mm
∠P and ∠F RQ = 12.4 mm
ii AX and BK, XT and KG, TP and GF, BC = 20.6 mm
PA and FB
5 a 8
------ = 4
------ b m=4
e i ∠K and ∠V, ∠H and ∠U, ∠G and ∠Y, 30 15
∠F and ∠X, ∠E and ∠W 6 a 8
------ = 2
--- b d = 5.6
20 5
ii KH and VU, HG and UY, GF and YX, FE and
XW, EK and WV
f i ∠J and ∠Y, ∠K and ∠M, ∠L and ∠N
Exercise 12-08
ii JK and YM, KL and MN, LJ and NY 1 a Corresponding angles in triangles are equal.
b Ratios of hypotenuse to one side are equal to
4 : 3 in both triangles.
Exercise 12-07 c Corresponding pairs of sides in triangles are in
1 a Yes, since 15
------ = 10
------ = 1
--- and matching angles are the same ratio (1 : 2) and included angles are
30 20 2
equal. equal to 110°.
------ ≠ ------
12 36
b No, since d Corresponding sides in triangles are in the
18 30
same ratio (3 : 2).
Yes, since 30------ = ------ = =
38 20 2
c ------ ---
45 57 30 3 e Corresponding sides in triangles are in the
d No, since 2--- ≠ 2--- same ratio (5 : 4).
3 4
e Yes, since both triangles are equilateral f Corresponding angles in triangles are equal.
triangles. g Corresponding sides in triangles are in the
f Yes, both figures are squares. same ratio (2 : 1).
1
h Corresponding pairs of sides in triangles are in
g Yes, since 3 ---
-----3 = 8
------ = 6
--- = 4
--- = 2
--- the same ratio (2 : 3) and included angles are
5 12 9 6 3
h Yes, since matching angles are equal. equal to 90°.
i Ratio of hypotenuse to one side is 15 : 7 in
2 a i 1---
ii y = 10 both triangles.
2
b i 2
--- ii y = 10 2 a ∠A is common.
3
∠ABE = ∠ACD (corresponding angles,
c i 4
--- ii y = 12 BE CD)
3
∴ ∆ABE ∆ACD (corresponding angles of
≡
d i 5---
ii y = 12.5
3 two triangles are equal)
e i 8
--- ii y = 14.4 b ∠P is common
5
∠PQN = ∠PML
f i 10
------ ii y = 26 2---
∴ ∆PQN ∆PML (corresponding angles are
≡
3 3
3 a B and C, scale factor = 1

--- ;
equal)
2 c ∠WYX = ∠ZYV (vertically opposite angles)
A and D, scale factor = 2 WY
--------- = XY-
------- = 2
--- or WY : ZY = XY : VY = 2 : 3)
ZY VY 3
b A and C, scale factor = 1.5 ∴ ∆VZY ∆XYW (pairs of corresponding sides
≡
c A and D, scale factor = 5

--- are in same ratio and included angles are
3
equal)
d A and C, scale factor = 4
--- d ∠K = ∠I = 90° (given)
3
4 a PN = 4.8 cm b AC = 9.6 cm ∠G is common
MN = 6.4 cm TQ = 11.7 cm ∴ ∆GKH ∆GIJ (corresponding angles are
≡
WZ = 3.125 cm equal)
c GF = 10.5 cm d CD = 24 mm e Both triangles are right-angled (∠B = ∠ECD
KH = 4 cm LM = 12 mm = 90°)
HI = 6.6 cm PN = 16 mm DE : EC = AC : CB = 5 : 3
e JH = 6.3 mm f BE = CD = 14.3 mm ∴ ∆ABC ∆DCE (ratios of hypotenuse to one
≡
XW = 7 mm LT = 20 mm side are equal in both right-angled triangles)

BC = 25 mm f VZ = 24, WX = 12; VZ : WX = ZY : WY =
LM = 35 mm VY : XY = 2 : 1

∴ ∆VZY ∆XWY (corresponding sides are in f ∠CDY = ∠YDW (given)
≡
the same ratio) CD
-------- = 6.75
---------- and DY
---------- = 9
------
3 a ∠BCA = ∠DCE (vertically opposite angles) DY 9 DW 12
= 0.75 = 0.75
∠BAC = ∠DEC (alternate angles, AB DE)
∴ ∆CDY ∆YDW
≡
∴ ∆ABC ∆EDC (corresponding angles are
≡
(two pairs of matching sides in the same ratio

equal)
and included angles equal)
Scale factor = 5
---
3 g OA-
-------- = OB-
-------- (OA = OB, OC = OD, equal radii)
OC OD
b Triangles are similar since corresponding ∠AOB = ∠DOC (vertically opposite angles)
angles are equal; ∴ ∆AOB ∆DOC
≡
Scale factor = 5
--- (two pairs of matching sides in the same ratio
2
and included angles equal)
c Triangles are similar since pair of
corresponding sides are in the same ratio (4 : 3)
and their included angles are equal (110°). Exercise 12-09
d Triangles are similar since ratio of hypotenuse 1 a m=2 b k = 11.25 c y = 16 --2-
3
to one side is equal for both right-angled 2 a 10 b 12.5 c 26.7
triangles (6 : 4 = 10.5 : 7). 3 a ∠A is common
4 a In ∆FGH and ∆FKG: ∠ABE = ∠ACD (corresponding angles)
∠F is common. ∴ ∆ABE ∆ACD
≡
∠FGH = ∠FKG = 90° x = 5.6
∴ ∆FGH ∆FKG (matching angles of b ∠L is common
≡
triangles are equal) ∠LMQ = ∠LNP = 90° (given)

In ∆FGH and ∆GKH: ∴ ∆LMQ ∆LNP
≡
∠H is common. ∴ x = 5.25
∠FGH = ∠GKH = 90° c ∠Z is common
∴∆FGH ∆GKH (matching angles of ∠ZYV = ∠ZWX = 75° (given)
≡
∴ ∆ZVY ∆ZXW
≡
triangles are equal)

∴ ∆FGH, ∆GKH and ∆FKG are similar. x = 2 1---
4
b AB
= 8
= 2
and BC
= 6
= 2
d PR : LN = QR : MN (corresponding pairs of
-------- ------ --- -------- --- ---
AE 12 3 DE 9 3
∠ABC = ∠AED (included angles) sides in same ratio)
∴ ∆ABC ∆ADE ∠R = ∠N (included angles equal)
≡
∴ ∆PQR ∆LMN
≡
(two pairs of matching sides in the same ratio

and their included angles are equal) ∴ x = 8 --1-
3
c CE
-------- = 4
--- = 0.57, DE
-------- = 5
---------- = 0.57
FE 7 GE 8.75 e ∠BCA = ∠ECD (vertically opposite angles)
and ∠CED = ∠FEG (vertically opposite ∠ABC = ∠DEC (alternate angles, AB DE)
angles) ∴ ∆ABC ∆DEC
≡
∴ ∆CED ∆FEG ∴ x = 6.5

≡
(two pairs of matching sides in the same ratio f ∠K is common ∠FGK = ∠HLK (given)
and included angles equal) ∴ ∆FGK ∆HLK
≡
d PT-
-------- = 4-
----- = --1- ∴ x = 6 2---
RW 12 3 3
PN
-------- = 3
--- = 1
--- 4 a i ∠LPM = ∠RPQ (vertically opposite angles)
RT 9 3
∠LMP = ∠RQP (alternate angles, LM RQ)
TN-
-------- = 5-
----- = --1-
∴ ∆LPM ∆RPQ
≡
WT 15 3
∴ ∆PTN ∆RWT
≡
ii m = 25, k = 14.4
(3 pairs of matching sides in the same ratio) b i ∠ABE = ∠DBC (vertically opposite angles)
e i ∠GFH = 90° − ∠EFD (∠DFG = 90°) AB : CB = EB : DB = 3:2
and ∠EDF = 90° − ∠EFD (angle sum of
∴ ∆ABE ∆BCD
≡
∆EDF)
ii ∠EAB = ∠BCD (corresponding angles of
∴ ∠GFH = ∠EDF
similar triangles are equal)
ii ∠GFH = ∠EDF (proved in i)
∴ EA CD (pair of alternate angles are
∠EFD = ∠FGH = 90°
equal)
(DE ⊥ FH, FG ⊥ HG)
∴ ∆FGH ∆DEF (matching angles are
≡
equal)
ANSWERS 607
c i ∠X is common ∠WXZ = ∠XZY (alternate angles, WX ZY)

∠XWV = ∠XST (corresponding angles, ∴ ∆WXZ ∆XZY (matching angles of
≡
WV ST) triangles are equal)
∴ ∆XWV ∆XTS
≡
b 12.2
.. 3 a AB = AD (AB = AD)
ii x = 5 -----
5
- (or 5.45)
11
CB = CD (CB = CD)
d i ∠HJI = ∠GIF (alternate angles, HJ IF)
AC is common.
∠HIJ = ∠FGI (alternate angles, HI GF)
∴ ∆ABC ≡ ∆ADC (SSS)
∴ ∆HIJ ∆GFI
≡
b AB = AD (given)
ii HJ = 4.3; JI = 8.6 AE is common.
5 a ∠A is common ∠BAE = ∠DAE (matching angles of congruent
∠ABE = ∠ACD (corresponding angles, triangles ∆ABC and ∆ADC)
BE CD) ∴ ∆AEB ≡ ∆AED (SAS)
∴ ∆ABE ∆ACD ∠AEB = ∠AED (matching angles of congruent
≡
c
b k = 5.5 triangles)
But ∠AEB + AED = 180°
6 10 --2- m 7 17.5 m 8 27 m 9 29.1 m
3 ∴ ∠AEB = ∠AED = 90°
10 height = 0.32 m; width = 0.47 m ∴ diagonals meet at right angles.
11 a let ∠GDE = a° G D
4
∴ ∠DGE = 90 − a° C
and ∠EGF = a° a
)
−a
In triangles
(90
X
DEG and GEF: a (90−a)
∠DEG = ∠GEF A
D E F
= 90° (given) B
∠GDE = ∠EGF = a° (proved above)
Consider quadrilateral ABCD where diagonals
∴ ∆DEG ∆GEF
≡
AC and BD bisect each other.

In triangles DEG and DGF In ∆AXB and ∆DXC;
∠D is common AX = CX (diagonals are bisected)
∠DEG = ∠DGF − 90° (given) BX = DX
∴ ∆DEG ∆DFG ∠AXB = ∠CXD (vertically opposite angles)
≡
∆DFG ∆DFG (both similar to ∆DEG) ∴ ∆AXB ≡ ∆DXC (SAS)

≡
∴ three triangles are similar ∴ AB = CD (matching sides of congruent

b GE = 2.4 cm triangles)
Similarly, ∆AXD ≡ ∆CXB
Power plus ∴ AD = CB (matching sides of congruent
triangles)
1 a PT
--------- = 1--- , PL
-------- = 1
--- (T and L are midpoints of ∴ ABCD is a parallelogram (opposite sides
PM 2 PN 2
PM, PN) equal).
∠P is common. 5 In ∆AXN and ∆CXM
∴ ∆PTL ∆PMN AX = CX (X is midpoint of AC)
≡
(two pairs of matching sides in the same ratio ∠XAN = ∠XCM (alternate angles, AB CD)
and included angles equal) ∠ANX = ∠CMX (alternate angles, AB CD)
b Since ∆PTL ∆PMN, ∴ ∆AXN ≡ ∆CXM (AAS)
≡
∴ AN = CM (matching sides of congruent

∠PTL = ∠PMN (matching angles of similar
triangles).
triangles)
∴ TL MN (corresponding angles equal).
Chapter 12 review
c PT
--------- = TL
---------- (pairs of matching sides of similar
PM MN 1 a SAS b SSS c AAS d RHS
triangles) 2 ∆ABC ≡ ∆HKG (SAS)
But PT
--------- = 1
--- 3 a i AAS ii d = 12
PM 2
b i RHS ii d = 12
∴ TL
---------- = --1- 4 a AC = 10
MN 2
b c = 8, d = 6, x = 10
∴ TL = 1--- MN
2
2 a ∠WZX = ∠XYZ (given)

5 ∠EGF = ∠IGH (vertically opposite angles) 20 a x 1 b x 1

--- c x −1
2
∠E = ∠I (given) d −1 x 2
FG = HG (given)
21 y = 1
------
∴ EFG ≡ ∆GHI (AAS) 27
6 AD = BC (given) 22 In ∆PQT and ∆VQT:

∠DAB = ∠CBA (given) PQ = VQ (given)
AB is common ∠PQT = ∠VQT (given)
∴ ∆ABD ≡ ∆ABC (SAS) QT is common.
∴ ∆PQT ≡ ∆VQT (SAS)
7 a 10 5--- b5
7 23 a In ∆ABC and ∆ADC:
8 a ∠BCA = ∠XCY (vertically opposite angles) AB = AD (given)
∠ABC = ∠YXC (alternate angles, AB YX) CB = CD (given)
∴ ∆ABC ∆YXC AC is common.
b AC = 6.4 ∴ ∆ABC ≡ ∆ADC (SSS)
9 a 6.2 m b 32.3 m b ∴ ∠BAC = ∠DAC (matching angles of
c In ∆ABX and ∆ADX:
AB = AD (given)
Mixed revision
.
4 ∠BAX = ∠BAC = ∠DAC = ∠DAX
1 a Mode = 6, mean = 5.16, median = 5.5, (proved in b)
range = 6 .
AC is common.
b Mode = 46, 48, mean = 48.5, median = 48, ∴ ∆ABX ≡ ∆ADX (SAS)
range = 6 ∴ DX = BX (matching sides of congruent
2 a Discrete b categorical c continuous triangles)
d continuous ∴ AC bisects BD.
3 a 29.9 b 12.7 c 49.7 24 a SAS b RHS c AA
4 a 4 b 2.5 c 15.5 d3 d SSS e AA f SAS
5 A, C 25 a Yes, SAS b No c No
d No e No f Yes, RHS
6 a A: 53, B: 78
b A: 20, B: 30 26 a In ∆ABE and ∆ACD:
c Bowler A; range and interquartile range are ∠A is common.
both lower than those of bowler B. ∠ABE = ∠ACD
(corresponding angles, BE CD)
7 a 10 b i 6 ii 11.5
∴ ∆ABE ∆ACD (AA)
≡
c 5.5 d 25% e 30
8 C b i 6 10
------ or 6.77
6
ii 8 -----
- or 8.46
13 13
9 a y= m – at-
--------------- b y= T–a
------------- c y= ar – 2a-
------------------ 27 a In ∆FED and ∆DCF:
k p 1+r
FE = FC  (sides of a rhombus
10 a 20 b 27 
DE = DC  are equal)
11 a v = 14 b m = 46 c k = −9 d h = 8 4--- FD is common.
7
∴ ∆FED ≡ ∆DCF (SSS)
12 a 3 b length = 26 cm, width = 16 cm
b ∴ ∠E = ∠C (matching angles of congruent
c 75 $1 coins, 123 $2 coins
triangles)
13 a k = 7 --1- b y= --3- c h= 2
------ d x= 1
------ 40
3 5 13 17 28 a ------ b 8m
3
14 A 15 C
16 a 19, 20, 21, 22 b 60, 62, 64
c 375 students, 263 adults
17 h = 1 11
------
General revision
14
1 a $188
18 a x −1, 2 a 20.3 b 4.7 c 6.7
−2 −1 0 1 2
3 C
b x -2
----- 2k -m
−2 4 a b0 c
5
−2 −1 ––
5
0 1 2 -------
3p
------
15
c x2 d 13a – 1
------------------- e 3m
------- f 6bd
----------
−2 −1 0 1 2 3 12 2x 5
19 C
ANSWERS 609
y 20 a i In ∆DTC and ∆BTA:

5 x+y=2 DT = BT 
4  (diagonals bisect each other)
CT = AT 
3 ∠DTC = ∠BTA (vertically opposite angles)
2 ∴ ∆DTC ≡ ∆BTA
y=x−4 ii ∠CDT = ∠ABT (matching angles of
1
x iii DC AB (alternate angles proved equal in ii)
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4
−1 b i In ∆DTA and ∆BTC:
−2 DT = BT 
 (diagonals bisect each other)
−3 AT = CT 
∠DTA = ∠BTC (vertically opposite angles)
−4 ∴ ∆DTA ≡ ∆BTC
ii ∠ADT = ∠CBT (matching angles of
b m = 1, b = − 4; m = − 1, b = 2 congruent triangles)
c (3, −1) iii AD BC (alternate angles proved equal in ii)
6 a 6p2 − p − 15 b 16m2 − 24mn + 9n2 c ABCD is a parallelogram (opposite sides
c 4k2 − 9 proved equal in a and b).
7 B 21 a 9xy3(2x − 3y) b 4b(4a − 6b + 3ab)
8 a $1188.19 b $5166.67 22 a (y − 4)(y + 2) b (x − 1)(x − 2)(x + 2)
9 a (2h + 3)(2h − 5) b 5(m − 7)(m + 7) 23 a x − 2 x–5
b ------------ x+2
c ---------------
x+5 2x – 7
c ( f + 9)2 24 a 2 b2 c 4w 2 d 10
25 B 26 A, D 27 $1104.68 28 13°30'
10 a 3 1--- b −1 1--- c 2-
----- d − 4 13
------
7 4 11 23 29 a 25 b 13.2
11 A 2 ( my – k )
12 C 13 2 14 D 30 t = ± -------------------------
m
15 a 53° b 29° c 51° d 35° 31 $482.13
16 603.19 32 1.58 × 107 33 0.63 m2
17 a Construction b 61 mm 34 172
18 $818 19 $981.10 35 a 3k + 12 -
-------------------------------------- b 5 -
-------------
k(k – 1)(k + 2) m+3
36 55.4 m

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15_NC_Maths9_Stages_5.2/5.

3_ans Page 540 Friday, February 6, 2004 1:55 PM

b 496 = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 31 + 62 + 124 + 248

540 N E W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 9 : S T A G ES 5.2/ 5.3

Exercise 1-05 Exercise 1-09

542 N E W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 9 : S T A G E S 5.2/ 5.3

Power plus Chapter 2

Exercise 2-02 4 a 10k + 15 b 3 − 9y c 4m + 14n

544 N E W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 9 : S T A G E S 5.2/ 5.3

6 a 4(2a + 3y + 1) b 5(4xy − 2x2 + y) 3 a 6

17 5 −3 −11- 7 a 26 b 225 c 45 d −3 --3-

546 N E W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 9 : S T A G ES 5.2/ 5.3

Exercise 3-04 4 a 3(t + 12) b 4(w − 3) c 6(k − 4)

Exercise 3-09 Exercise 3-10

548 N E W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 9 : S T A G E S 5.2/ 5.3

Exercise 3-11 Exercise 3-13

5 (5y + 8)(5y − 8) 6 4(5f + 4)(5f − 4) d 6k e 10

21 9(g − 2k)(g + 2k) 22 e(e − 5)(e + 2) g f +3-

30 −(6a − 1)(4a + 1) 31 9(x + 2)(x − 3) 4b – 7 2 ( 3k + 2 ) -

34 (5u − 1)(5u − 1) 35 (k − 3)(4k + 7) e 4w – 5

Exercise 3-12 Power plus

2x + y a+4 6 a 7h2 + 28 b 8r2 − 204 c 385v2 − 385

b The larger of p, q is negative; the smaller of 3y + 5 w+5

c The larger of p, q is positive; the smaller of 9 2(y – 3) 1 5

6 a 4(t + 6) b x(x + 6) 6 a 29 1--- b 12

e (p2 + 3)(10 + p) f 6(t + p)(r − 3w) 8 a 100 b 2.21 c 1.499 d 19

550 N E W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 9 : S T A G E S 5.2/ 5.3

39 a 2(2m − 5)(2m + 5) b (3g + 5)2 5 a d = 16 b a = 20 c g = 73

b ∠TQU = ∠TUQ = 53° (angles in isosceles

∠QUP = 53° (alternate angles, QT PU)

Properties ∠UPQ = ∠PQU = 63.5° (angles in isosceles

552 N E W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 9 : S T A G E S 5.2/ 5.3

Exercise 4-04 Chapter 5

Exercise 5-01 Exercise 5-03

554 N E W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 9 : S T A G E S 5.2/ 5.3

8 a $1993.10 b $697.59 c $4683.79 Exercise 5-07

556 N E W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 9 : S T A G E S 5.2/ 5.3

d sin α = n--- , cos α = m

Exercise 6-06 f 1.6 km g 0.47 m h 5.1 m

43.7° 8.34 m 19°47'

558 N E W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 9 : S T A G E S 5.2/ 5.3

2 a 69°52' b 27°2' c 55°9' c i 54° ii θ = 54°

560 N E W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 9 : S T A G E S 5.2/ 5.3

2 a 1932 m b 31° 9 a i 060° ii 240°

562 N E W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 9 : S T A G E S 5.2/ 5.3

b i 7 ii 3 iii seven to the power of three 4 a F bF c F dT e T f F

d 63k2 e x3y2 f 52n3

e m0 f n6 g t9 h w24 Exercise 7-05

564 N E W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 9 : S T A G E S 5.2/ 5.3

1 - -2- 1 5 --5- --3-

2 a 625 b 3025 c 2025 d 7225

11 a 16a6 b m10n15 c 16k 20

566 N E W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 9 : S T A G E S 5.2/ 5.3

g i 1.1 × 10− 4 s ii 100 s g p4q h 9a4b2 i 20xy2

4 a 180 cm3 b 2197 cm3

568 N E W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 9 : S T A G E S 5.2/ 5.3

Exercise 8-03 2 a 960 mm2 b 352 mm2 c 2200 mm2

4 a 80 m2, $8400 b 171 m2 Exercise 8-10

2 a 9.7 m3 b 94 247.8 m3 c 7.4 m3

Shed 2 wall area = 27.5 m2 c A= h----2-

570 N E W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 9 : S T A G E S 5.2/ 5.3

8 a 9360 cm2 b 2290 cm2 c 2592 cm2 6 a B bA c C dB

1 A(2, 4) B (6, 1) C(−4, 10)