HAVELLS
Safe Luminaires
Emergency Lighting
Definitions, Standards and Recommendations
Laws of the European Union require that many places of work and
places of gathering must be equipped with an alternative source
of emergency lighting. In the case of particularly hazardous places
of work, or escape routes, special safety lighting (European
Standard Draft pr EN 50172) has to be provided. In addition
there are also the Regulations On Safety and Health Protection
Signs (EWGR 92/58).
The most important electrical engineering standard concerning
the provision of emergency lighting installations in Europe is the
European Standard Draft pr EN 50172. The standard concerning
the mechanical and electrical design for safety luminaires is EN
60598-2-22 (European Standard). The technical requirements
for a safety luminaire are to be found in the German Standard
DIN 5035, Part 5, and for the safety signs in German DIN 4844
and in the European regulation EWGR 92/58.
Definitions
Emergency lighting:
Emergency lighting describes lighting which is subsequently
turned on in case of failure of the mains supply to the lighting
system. We distinguish between safety lighting and reserve
lighting.
Safety lighting:
When talking about safety lighting we distinguish between safety
lighting for escape routes, anti-panic lighting and safety lighting
for particularly hazardous places of work.
Safety lighting for escape routes:
The safety lighting installed for escape routes is to provide the
emergency exit with sufficient minimum lighting intensity to enable
the safe escape from areas or facilities in case of emergency.
Anti-Panic lighting:
Anti-panic lighting is the minimum amount of lighting required to
ensure that within a large room or hall enough lighting is available
to ensure that escape and escape routes can be safely used.
Safety lighting for particularly hazardous places of work:
Particularly hazardous places of work must be provided with
safety lighting which enables the safe completion of necessary
tasks, as well as the possibility to evacuate the place of work.
By definition, at places of work which are particularly hazardous
there is an acute danger of accident in the case of breakdown
in the lighting system.
Reserve lighting:
Reserve lighting is installed voluntarily to enable the continuation
of work throughout a certain period (power cut without danger).
This kind of lighting can be installed where safety lighting is
otherwise not required. Reserve lighting is installed in order to
avoid a loss of production in the event of power cuts. Reserve
lighting can also be provided by the installation of safety lighting.
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Safety luminaire is used to describe luminaires, with or without
their own source of power, which can be used for providing
safety lighting. We distinguish between luminaires designed to
illuminate escape routes, and those used as safety signs for
escape purposes. A safety luminaire for escape purposes is
a shaped luminaire displaying a safety motif. They are used to
indicate escape routes and emergency exits.
In respect of safety lighting various circuits are possible according
to EN 60598-2-22: We distinguish between maintained operation
(abbreviation “0” in the catalogue), and non-maintained operation
(abbreviation’’’B’’).
Safety luminaires for maintained operation (D) are working in
conjunction with the. ordinary lighting system, it is powered
directly or indirectly by the mains. In this mode the lamp is on
all the time. In case of mains failure the luminaire is switched
automatically to the battery pack.
In case of safety luminaires installed for non-maintained operation
(B), the lamp is off when mains power is available to charge the
batteries. Upon mains failure the lamp is energized by the battery
pack.
The system will recognize as failure of the mains supply when
the voltage falls by more than 15 % for a period of more than
0,5 seconds.
Switch-over time:
The switch-over time is the time which elapses from the
occurrence of an interruption to the general electricity supply till
the effective operation of the necessary safety devices.
Nominal operation rating:
The nominal operation rating of safety luminaires is the time for
which the reserve power source is designed to run at normal
rating. As a minimum, this must correspond to the period of
operation laid down for the necessary safety devices.
Technical lighting requirements
Safety lighting for escape routes:
The minimum luminous intensity prescribed for escape routes
is 1 Ix horizontal (0.2 m height over ground). The uniformity of
the intensity of illumination must conform to Lmin: Lmax greater
than 1 : 40. The time-lag must not be more than a maximum
of 15 seconds. The nominal rating time when performing the
prescribed function must not be less than 1 hour for luminaires
at places of work, and 3 hours at gathering places. When
calculating the necessary luminous intensity, a safety-planning
factor of 1.25 must be taken into account to compensate for
ageing and dirt accumulation.
Safety lighting at particularly hazardous places of work:
The minimum luminous intensity must conform to at least 15 lx,
or 10% of the nominal luminous intensity (DIN 5035 Part 2) of the
normal lighting system. The switch-over time must not exceed
0.5 of a second.

Escape luminaire signs:
The specifications for escape luminaire signs under general
lighting conditions are governed by DIN 4844 and EWGR 92/58.
The technical lighting requirements for escape signs as part of
the safety lighting system are contained in DIN 5035 Part 5.
Only special motifs are permitted for escape signs, wording and
lettering is not allowed. The recognition distance for a escape
sign is the greatest distance at which the meaning of the sign
can be reliably recognised. There are different requirements
concerning escape signs, depending on whether used with
mains or emergency power supply.
Safety colour: green. Contrasting colour: white.
The size of the escape sign is not regulated, but the height-width
ratio can only be 1:1 or 2:1.
The electrical engineering requirements for safety
lighting:
If emergency lighting is to be operational when required, then
a suitable source of alternative power supply must be provided
for. These include the following possibilities: single-battery,
group-battery, central-battery system, or systems with stand-by
generators.
Single-battery system:
Single batteries are sealed, non-rechargable storage batteries.
These batteries must be durable, capable of operation after
long periods of non-use and able to conserve their charge. In
accordance with EN 60598-2-22 their service life must be at least
4 years. By using a single-battery system, it is possible to install
the power source within the safety light, or in separate holders
near the unit. Safety luminaires incorporating battery, together
with all electronic parts for automatic charging, switch-over
device, inverter as well as total discharge protection constitute
autonomously functioning units which can be connected directly
to the mains electricity supply: in the event of mains failure, the
lamp inside the luminaire is automatically switched over to an
alternative power supply.
Group battery system:
A group battery system consists of several maintenance-free
batteries (service life minimum 3 years) in a sealed unit and not
requiring any topping-up with water or electrolyte. A group battery
unit feeds at least 2, but not more than 20 safety luminaires,
providing a maximum of 300 W ( 3-hour nominal period of
operation) or 900 W ( 1-hour nominal period of operation).
The same requirements apply to the charging units for central
and group batteries, including a maximum charging time of
24 hours. Group batteries can be used to run luminaires with
general service lamps or fluorescent lamps with 4-pin base and
electronic ballasts.
Central-battery system:
Central batteries are regulated by DIN VDE 510 Part 2. These
are positive lead-plate storage batteries, or nickel cadmium
accumulators whose plates conform to the above mentioned
service life. Generally the battery voltages are 24, 42, 60, 110,
HAVELLS
and 220 volts. The central battery system (direct current) may
only be used to power luminaires with general service lamps, or
4-pin base fluorescent lamps with electronic ballasts.
Systems with stand-by generators:
In situations where the mains electricity supply is considered
to be unreliable, lighting systems can be powered for safety
reasons by stand-by generators. We distinguish between stand-
by generators, quick-start generators and on-line generators.
Stand-by generator:
An interruption in the mains supply starts the generator from the
stationary mode. On reaching the rated rotational speed, the
load is connected. Switch-over time is about 15 seconds and
the potential bridging time is virtually unlimited.
Instant-start generator:
An electric motor fitted with a flywheel is constantly running
and linked to the generator. In the event of an interruption to
the power supply, the electric motor separates from the flywheel
and the generator. A diesel engine which runs the generator
is immediately activated by the inertia. The switch-over time is
approx. 0.5 of a second and the potential bridging time virtually
unlimited.
On-line generator:
The safety luminaires are powered exclusively by the on-line
generator which, in the event of an interruption to the power
supply immediately switches over from electricity to diesel
powered operation mode. There may be a brief frequency
fluctuation.
Maintenance and monitoring of the electrical systems
and installations:
Batteries and generators must be regularly serviced (DIN VDE
0108 Part 1). The safety-lighting systems together with all
consumer apparatus must be checked for their rated operational
life once a year. This must take place outside normal operating
hours. Group and central batteries together with their respective
safety installations are to be checked daily. The correct functioning
of single-battery safety luminaires must be checked once a
week. Where an automatic inspection device is installed, an
annual manual inspection of the single, group and central battery
systems is sufficient. Records of inspections must be maintained
and kept for at least two years. Checking safety luminaires run on
single batteries can be considerably simplified by use of a BUS-
type monitoring system. This entails the use of BUS compatible
components. These products are to be found on pages 308,
309 and the product pages of RZB safety luminaires. Do not
hesitate to contact us for advice - that’s our business.
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 HAVELLS
Understanding Lighting Equipment
Generally a specifier selects luminaires is by following guidelines
necessarily not in the same order:
1) Application
2) Product aesthetics
3) Budget availability
However inspite of these selection criterias the need of the
situation / application does not essentially comply with required
provisions. Such cases lead to compromised selection of the
product. Eventually this leads to premature failure of product or
results in deficient performance.
To avoid disappointment at a later date one must understand the
composition of the product before final selection based upon
above criterias.
Luminaire essentially consist of following composition of
engineering material to collectively perform the designed output.
I) Housing material
II) Optical material
III) Sealing material
IV) Hardware material
The available selection of product may however not be
perfect solution for given application. Specifier may there fore
in consultation with manufacturer opt to select the derivative
product, if one understands in detail the sub-groups of these
above four compositions.
I) Housing Materials
Aluminum
Aluminum’s low density, high strength in many alloys, good
corrosion resistance and thermal properties make it the choice of
material for housing construction. Easily formed via dies, extrusion
or casting, aluminum is a very versatile alloy. Common die-cast
aluminum will contain approximately 3-4% copper content to
allow for appropriate die-casting properties. In most applications,
indoor and outdoor, this alloy is an excellent choice. It is very
capable of resisting corrosion from the majority of contaminants
found in those spaces. Inflated corrosive environments existing in
a coastal area demand a different alloy. Marine grade aluminum
must contain less than 0.4% copper in its content. This lower
copper content minimizes the opportunity for corrosion.
Steel
Most steel used in lighting manufacturing is low carbon. The steel
is cold rolled to produce a better finish and improve mechanical
properties. Stamping, rolling or a combination of these processes
forms the steel into its final shape. The steel is normally painted
before stamping or rolling, although sometimes it is painted
after the forming processes are complete. Used predominately
in commercial and light industrial environments, steel is more
susceptible to corrosion if not properly painted. This should be
carefully considered before it is placed in a harsh environment.
Stainless Steel
Stainless steel is an alloy of steel with varying amounts of Carbon,
Manganese, Silicon, Chromium and Nickel. Molybdenum
is added in the 316 grade. Type 304 and 316 are the most
common grades used in the lighting industry with 304L and
316L (low carbon) alloys also being used. Stainless steel is
used primarily for it’s high resistance to corrosive atmospheres
and moisture, with the 316 grade offering the best corrosion
resistance. Housings manufactured from stainless steel are
usually of welded construction. Ballast and optical components
have to be attached to the housing using special brackets and
hardware. The forming and welding processes do not produce
the same precision as with cast housings and can lead to
improper component fit or loosening of components in high
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vibration areas. The high cost of manufacturing stainless steel
housings makes its use as a housing material very limited.
Fiberglass Reinforced Polyester (FRP)
FRP is a polyester plastic material that is reinforced with fiberglass
strands to provide a strong, rigid material sometimes used in
luminaires. The drawback to using FRP in luminaire housings is
that it acts as an insulator, trapping heat within the housing and
causing electrical components to overheat thereby shortening
operating life. In interior industrial applications, routine cleaning
may also cause deterioration of the polyester material allowing
glass fibers to become loose.
II) Optical Materials
Aluminum
Aluminum is the predominate material used in the construction
of reflectors for industrial lighting products. The low density,
corrosion resistance and high reflectivity of aluminum make it an
excellent choice as a reflector material. The ease of shaping and
reflective properties allows it to control various light sources. It
may be either anodized or painted. Both the anodizing process
and painting enhances the reflective properties and act as
protective coatings to assist in greater corrosion resistance.
Lens
I) Glass Lens
Though not abundantly in India, glass is used in lighting as a
refractor, reflector, and shielding media. The high resistance of
borosilicate glass to thermal shock makes it a dominant material
as a reflector and refractor in industrial lighting products. Although
glass is difficult to form into exacting shape, its inert properties
make it ideal for high temperature environments and areas where
corrosive compounds may be prevalent. Tempered glass in
sheet form normally serves the purpose as a shielding media
protecting the lamp and optical surfaces from contamination.
Predominantly two types of glass lenses are used in lighting; flat
lense for cut off light distribution & sagged lense for semi-cut off
distribution.
II) Acrylic Lens
Today’s newest and best-performing optical acrylic materials are
developed specifically for use with high intensity discharge lamps.
They feature long-lasting UV stabilizers that minimize the effect
of UVA and UVB radiation. They are designed for a maximum
continuous operating skin temperature of 80°C. At higher
operating temperatures, acrylic tends to yellow under the effect of
UV radiation. Over time, the yellowing will cause temperatures to
increase, and ultimate failure will occur. It is important, therefore,
that luminaires incorporating acrylic reflectors and/or refractors
be designed, tested and used in ceiling ambients that maintain
skin temperatures below 80°C. Properly engineered luminaires
using acrylic optical components are listed by wattage and
lamp type for use in maximum ambient temperatures. To ensure
trouble-free performance from these luminaires, never use an
acrylic optical system in an ambient higher than its listed rating.
III) Polycarbonate Lens
Polycarbonate is also form of thermoplastic like acrylic.
Polycarbonate is naturally transparent with ability to transmit
light nearly that of glass. One of the biggest advantages of
polycarbonate is the impact strength and has high temperature
performance. Polycarbonate has a viable working temperature of
around 900C. Working temperature is that maximum allowable
temperature for a material that will not result in a loss of physical
characteristics.
Steel
Most steel used in lighting manufacturing is low carbon. The
steel is cold rolled to produce a better finish and improve
mechanical properties. Stamping, rolling or a combination of
these processes forms the steel into its final shape. Normally,
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the steel is painted before stamping or rolling, but sometimes IV) Hardware Material
it is painted after the forming processes are complete. Used
predominately in commercial and light industrial environments, Stainless Steel
steel more susceptible to corrosion if not properly painted. Post- Stainless steel hardware is considered by many to be the
fabrication painting should be considered if steel is to be placed answer to corrosion problems. This can be a dangerous
in a harsh environment. Hot rolled steel being used by some assumption where industrial lighting products are concerned.
unscrupulous manufacturers lead to early failure of fabricated Many industrial ballast housings are manufactured from cast
luminaires in aesthetics and ambience and performance. aluminum that contains a percentage of copper in the base alloy.
Most grades of stainless steel will corrode from the galvanic
III) Sealing Material action between dissimilar metals when in contact with these
alloys making normal maintenance of these luminaires almost
Where moisture and chemical corrosion are concerns, it is not impossible. In effect, the stainless hardware fuses to the mating
enough to consider protecting only the external mechanical aluminum part. Where stainless steel hardware is required
components of a lighting fixture. Internal components are also to resist corrosive atmospheres, a grade of stainless that is
susceptible to corrosion. Ballast transformers are protected compatible with the aluminum alloy must be used in the mating
from moisture at the manufacturing stage by being vacuum component.
impregnated with a silica-filled polyester varnish. Most capacitors
are dry-type with a thermoplastic case and encapsulated lead Galvanized/Zinc-Plated Steel
terminations. These are also rated for continuous operation at Galvanized steel parts are used in lighting products in various
100°C unlike oil filled capacitors that are rated 90°C. Igniters components. Zinc plating parts are manufactured for component
used in HPS and pulse start metal halide ballasts are always supports and wire guards. Whether galvanized or plated, the
encapsulated in a non-moisture absorbing insulating compound. zinc coating allows for protection of the base metal from most
Lamp socket screw-shells are nickel-coated brass, as are wiring corrosive elements.
termination connectors. Every precaution is taken to ensure SR27
that moisture entering the luminaire during normal operating The standard hardware used in most industrial luminaires is
conditions will not cause failure of the electrical components. zinc plated steel with a special SR27 coating for extra corrosion
Where atmospheric moisture also contains corrosive chemicals protection. The SR27 coating is rated for 1000hr slat spray to
or corrosive dust is likely to collect on the luminaire surfaces, standard ASTM E 117. Unlike stainless steel hardware, when
extra protection can be provided by additional gasketing at the used in aluminum castings, there is no dissimilar metal contact
ballast, housing and optical cavity. This gasketing can be made to promote corrosion from galvanic action. This hardware does
of one of several different materials depending on the chemical not corrode and seized into the aluminum castings.
composition of the corrosive material. Typical gasketing materials
used in the manufacture of industrial luminaires include closed-
cell neoprene, Santoprene, EPDM rubber and silicone. Each of
these elastomers has mechanical properties that make them the
ideal choice for specific industrial applications.
Closed-Cell Neoprene
A common gasket material used in interior lighting luminaires. It is
relatively oil resistant (class E) and performs well over temperature
ranges normally found on the exterior surfaces of lighting fixtures
(up to 105°C). It has a high tensile strength and good wear
resistance. It has good resistance to lubricating oils, hydraulic
oils, vegetable oils, animal fats, aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols,
diluted acids, and alkalis. Conversely, it has a low resistance
to fuel oils, aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones and concentrated
acids. It is not accepted by NSF for use in the food processing
industry because of its cellular construction.
Santoprene
A thermoplastic rubber with a continuous operating temperature
range of-60 to 135°C. It has excellent resistance to moisture,
vegetable oils, animal fats and oils. It is approved by NSF for use
in the food processing industry.
EPDM Rubber
Commonly used as a lens gasket material in enclosed optical
systems due to its ability to operate continuously at slightly higher
temperatures (135°C) and resist water permeation better than
neoprene. Like neoprene, it has a high tensile strength and good
wear resistance, but unlike neoprene it has a very low resistance
to mineral or vegetable oils.
Silicone
Silicone has a continuous operating temperature range of-
100°C to 250°C. It is used in industrial luminaires where a higher
temperature seal is required. In spite of its excellent resistance
to temperature extremes however, it has a poor resistance
to abrasion and is generally not used in components that are
subject to periodic opening and resealing during maintenance. It
also has a very low resistance to mineral or vegetable oils. Silicon
is also attacked by alkaline and dilute acid solutions.

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 HAVELLS
Understanding upkeep of Lighting Installations
In morden days of computer aided lighting application understanding
old manual techniques serves no purpose. However fundamentals
have not changed over times. Depreciation in light output is
a bothering issue not studied properly in our country even by
reputed designers.
Initial illuminance of a lighting installation decreases gradually
during use due to a reduction in the lamp lumens, failing lamps ,
accumulation of dirt on the lamps, luminaires and room surfaces.
However, the illuminance can be maintained at or above the
minimum permitted value (so-called maintained value) by cleaning
the lighting equipment and room surfaces and replacing failed
and end of service lamps at suitable intervals to an agreed-upon
maintenance schedule.
The guiding progaramme for the same is indicated below .
Clearly, in the case illustrated, the illuminance in the unmaintained
system will fall to 40 per cent of the initial value within three years
and will continue to decline. But by annual cleaning and a three-
yearly relamp and repaint , the decline is checked at over 60 per
cent of the initial value. At three years, the maintained scheme is
providing an illuminance 50 per cent higher than the unmaintained
system.
Variation of illuminance through life (tubular fluorescent industrial luminaire), showing
influence of various maintenance operations.
A Loss due to lamp-lumen depreciation
B Loss due to room-surface depreciation
C Loss due to dirt on lamps and luminaires
LIGHTING DESIGN
Thus, a well designed and operated maintenance programme
will:
. Maintain illuminance levels at or above the recommended
values
. Reduce capital and operating costs
. Ensure that the installation itself and the interior in general have
a satisfactory appearance
But even with a well-designed and operated maintenance
programme some loss of illuminance is inevitable.
. The lighting design therefore should make allowance for any
depreciation in light output by initially providing an illuminance that
is higher than that required. The amount of such an allowance
will depend on the maintenance factor applied to the lighting
calculations.
Causes of Depreciation in Light Output
. Dirt on Lamps and Luminaires-
The greatest loss of light can usually be attributed to the dirt that
collects on the lamps and the light-controlling (reflecting, refracting
or diffusing) surfaces of luminaires.
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The rate of depreciation caused by dirt deposited on light-
controlling surfaces is affected by the angle of inclination, finish,
temperature of the surface, by the degree of ventilation or dust
tightness of the luminaire, and by the degree to which the
atmosphere surrounding the luminaire is polluted.
Depreciation in light output can be reduced by selecting luminaires
of types best suited to the location. Luminaires with open bases
and closed tops collect dirt at a higher rate than do those that are
ventilated. In ventilated luminaires, convection currents carry dust
and dirt out through holes or slots in the canopy or reflector and
away from the reflecting surfaces. In heavily polluted atmospheres
it may be preferable to use dust-tight or dust-proof luminaires,
some types of which have a built-in filter to enable the necessary
“breathing” to take place.
. Dirt on Room Surfaces-
Dirt accumulated on ceilings and walls reduces their reflectance
value and hence the amount of light reflected. The bearing that
this has on the calculation of the illuminance will obviously depend
on the size of the room concerned and on the light distribution
of the luminaires . The effect will be most strongly pronounced in
small rooms or where luminaires with a large indirect component
are involved.
. Lamp Lumen Depreciation-
The luminous output of all lamps decreases with use, but the
rate of decrease varies widely between lamp types and also
manufacturers. Lighting calculations must therefore take into
account the specific depreciation in luminous output of the
particular lamps involved.
LIGHTING DESIGN
Lamps Failure
The lamp survival rate depends on the type of lamp used and, in
the case of discharge lamps, the switching cycle. Failed lamps
cause not only a reduction in illuminance levels, but may also
bring about an unacceptable reduction in the degree of lighting
uniformity.
Maintenance Schedule
The most economic cleaning interval for a given lighting
installation will depend on the type of luminaire, the rate at which
dirt accumulates, and the cost of cleaning. For the maximum
economic advantage, the luminaire cleaning interval should be
related to the lamp replacement interval.
Lamps may be replaced individually as they burn out, so-called
spot replacement, or the entire installation can be relamped at
a time, which is referred to as group replacement. Quite often a
combination of both systems is adopted. Generally speaking, for
large installations, more money is saved by an efficiently organised
group replacement than by replacement of lamps individually.
Moreover, a higher maintenance factor can be applied.
As the calculation of the lighting installation depends on a
knowledge of the planned maintenance schedule, the latter
must be adhered to if the calculated illuminance levels are to be
maintained. A contract with a company specialising in lighting
maintenance is often the most economical and reliable way of
ensuring that lighting installations are properly maintained.
Maintenance Factor (Light Loss Factor)
When determining the number of lamps and luminaires necessary
to provide the required illuminance for a particular lighting
installation, it is usual to apply a maintenance factor to the
calculations. This factor is the ratio of the illuminance produced
by the lighting system at the end of the maintenance period to
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the illuminance produced by the system when new.

The maintenance factor (MF) takes into account the overall depreciation caused by the various factors already described in this setion,
viz:
MF = LLMF x LSF x LMF x RSMF
Where LLMF = lamp lumen maintenance factor
LSF = Lamp survival factor
LMF = Luminaire maintenance factor
RSMF = room surface maintenance factor
These various factors can be obtained by reference to Tables A to C, although the reader is advised to contact the nearest Havells
organisation in case local figures are at variance with those published here .

LIGHTING DESIGN

Table A Lamps Lumen Maintenance (LLMF) and Lamp Survival Factors (LSF)

Burnign hours (x 1000) 0.1 1.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 12.0 18.0 24.0
Incandescent LLMF 1.00 0.93
(GLS) LSF 1.00 0.50
Fluorescent LLMF 1.00 0.96 0.94 0.91 0.87 0.84
Tri-Phosphor LSF 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000 0.99 0.75
(‘TL’)
Mercury LLMF 1.00 0.97 0.93 0.87 0.80 0.68 0.58 0.52
LSF 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.88 0.75 0.50
Metal Halide LLMF 1.00 0.93 0.87 0.78 0.72 0.63 0.52
LSF 1.00 0.97 0.95 0.93 0.91 0.17 0.50
High-pressure
sodium LLMF 1.00 0.98 0.96 0.93 0.91 0.87 0.83 0.80
LSF 1.00 1.00 0.98 0.98 0.96 0.89 0.75 0.50

Table B Luminaire Maintenance Factors (LMF)

Elapsed time 0 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0

between cleaning
cycle
Years
Envireonment1 Any C N D C N D C N D C N D
Luminaire type
Bare lamp 1 .95 .92 .88 .93 .89 .83 .89 .84 .78 .85 .79 .73
batten
Open-top 1 .95 .91 .88 .90 .86 .83 .84 .80 75 .79 .74 .68
reflector
Closed-top 1 .93 .89 .83 .89 .81 .72 .80 .69 .59 .74 .61 .52
reflector
Enclosed 1 .92 .87 .83 .88 .82 .77 .83 .77 .71 .79 .73 .65
Dust-tight 1 .96 .93 .91 .94 .90 .86 .91 .86 .81 .90 .84 .79
Indirect 1 .92 .89 .85 .86 .81 .74 .77 .66 .57 .70 .55 .45
uplight
1
C = clean N = normal D = dirty (atmosphere in which the luminaire operate).

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LIGHTING DESIGN
Table C Room Surface Maintenance Factors (RSMF)

Elapsed time between 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0

cleaning cycle Years
Room Environment C N D C N D C N D C N D
size
K2 Luminaire
Flux Fraction
Small Direct .97 .96 .95 .97 .94 .93 .95 .93 .90 .94 .92 .88
0.7 Direct/Indirect .94 .88 .84 .90 .86 .82 .87 .82 .78 .84 .79 .74
Indirect .90 .84 .80 .85 .78 .73 .81 .73 .66 .75 .68 .59
Medium Direct .98 .97 .96 .98 .96 .95 .96 .95 .94 .96 .95 .94
2.5 Direct/Indirect .95 .90 .86 .92 .88 .85 .89 .85 .81 .86 .82 .78
Indirect .92 .87 .83 .88 .82 .77 .84 .77 .70 .78 .72 .64
Large Direct .99 .97 .96 .98 .96 .95 .96 .95 .94 .96 .95 .94
5.0 Direct/Indirect .95 .90 .86 .94 .88 .85 .89 .85 .81 .86 .82 .78
Indirect .92 .87 .83 .88 .82 .77 .84 .77 .70 .78 .72 .65
1
C = clean N = normal D = dirty (atmospheric pollution).
2
k = Room Index k = I x w I = Room length hm = Mounting height of luminaire w = Room width
hm (I+w)
The maintenance factor is determined by working through the followign step-by-step procedure:
a Determine the optimum lamp group replacement inetrval for the lamp type in use. This will depend on the lamp lumen maintenance
and survival factors, coupled with a knowledge of labour, lamp and electricity costs.
b Obtain LLMF and LSF from Table A for the period established in Step 1.
c Assess the cleanliness category of the interior, and determine the cleaning interval for luminaires and room surfaces.
d Obtain LMF from Table B for period established in Step 3.
e Obtain FSMF from Table C for period established in Step 3
f Calculate M
F = LLMF x LSF x LMF x RSMF. Repeat the procedure, adjusting the various composnents until a satisfactory maintenance
factor and maintenance programme is evolved.
Notes:
1. If spot lamp replacement rather than group replacement is adopted, LSF will be 1.
2. All MF values may be rounded off to the second decimal place.

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Luminaire classifications
There are basically three ways of classifying luminaries as far as
their design and construction are concerned.
1. According to the sort of protection offered against electric
shock, viz. electrical safety.
2. According to the degree of protection provided against the
ingress of foreign bodies (e.g. dust and moisture)
3. According to the degree of flammability of the supporting
surface for which the luminaire is designed.
The following are summaries of the classifications detailed in IEC
598 – Part 1.
Electrical Safety (four luminaire classes)
The electrical safety classification drawn up by the IEC embraces
four luminaire classes: class 0, I, II and III. The official definitions
are too long to be reproduced in full here, but, can be summarized
as follows:
Class 0 – symbol
(Note: Applicable to ordinary luminaires only. Viz. a luminaire
without special protection against dust or moisture)
These are luminaires that are electrically insulated. There is
no provision for earthing. The housing may be of an insulating
material which wholly or partly performs the insulating function, or
it may be of metal that is insulated from current-carrying parts.
Class 0 luminaires may include parts with reinforced insulation or
double insulation.
Class I – symbol
Luminaires in this class apart from being electrically insulated
are also provided with an earthing point (labelled) connecting all
those exposed metal parts that could conceivably become live
in the presence of a fault condition.
Where the luminaires is provided with a flexible power lead,
this must include an earth wire. Where this is not the case, the
degree of electrical protection afforded by the luminaire is the
same as that afforded by one of class 0.
Where a connection block is employed instead of a power lead,
the metal housing must be connected to the earth terminal on
the block. The provision made for earthing the luminaire must in
all other respects satisfy the requirements laid down for class I.
Class II – symbol
Class II luminaries are so designed and constructed that exposed
metal parts cannot become live. This can be achieved by means
of either reinforced or double insulation, there being no provision
for protective earthing.
In the case of a luminaire provided with an earth contact as an
aid to lamp starting, but where this earth is not connected to
exposed metal parts, the luminaire is nevertheless regarded as
being of Class II.
HAVELLS
Class III – symbol
The luminaires in this class are those in which protection against
electric shock relies on supply at Safety Extra-Low voltage (SELV),
and in which voltages higher than those of SELV (50 V a.c.r.m.s.)
are not generated. An a.c. operating voltage of 42 V maximum
is common. A Class III luminaire should not be provided with a
means for protective earthing.
Protection against electrical shock
Safety class Symbol Protection
0 Basic insulation only
(not recommended)
I Basic insulation plus protective
earth connector
II Double or reinforced insulation,
no provision for protective earthing
II Supply of safety extra-low voltage
The energy efficiency index
The European Community has agreed upon a new directive for
banning electromagnetic control gear for fluorescent lamps. This
new directive is based upon the Energy Efficiency Index (EEI) as
agreed by the Committee of European Luminaire Manufacturers
Association. This ‘Celma’ Components group has made a
proposal on how the industry can be more energy efficient in
lighting systems, ranking the different ballasts in different classes
from A1 to D. A1 is the most efficient system. D the least efficient.
Since January 1998 the method employed for measuring the
energy classification became obligatory.
Energy Efficiency Index (EEI)
(based on T8 36W FTL)
Class Description System power
in Watts
D = Magnetic ballasts with very high losses >45W
C = Magnetic ballasts with moderate losses <45W
B2 = Magnetic ballasts with low losses <43W
B1 = Magnetic ballasts with very low losses <41W
A3 = Eelctronic ballasts <38W
A2 = Electronic ballasts with reduced losses <36W
A1 = Dimmable electronic ballasts <38/19W
(at 100%-25%)
All ballasts with an EEI of D is banned since April 2002.
All ballasts with an EEI of C will be banned from October 2005.
Some types in the existing range of electromagnetic control gear
are classified as EEI C. These will be adapted to B2 to comply
with these regulations on soon as possible.
It is therefore prudent to select the HF ballast in all the new
installations and effect maintenance cycle for replacement of
electromagnetic ballast with HF electronic ones.
The EEI classifications of the ballasts will be made mandatory
insisted on product data sheets.
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 HAVELLS

Stroboscopic effect and striations

The Stroboscopic Effect is the apparent change of motion of an object when illuminated by periodically varying light of the appropriate
frequency.
Flicker is the fluctuation of the lamp’s light output on account of movement of the discharge arc on the electrodes.
Striations are noticeable as a pattern of more or less bright regions in the long discharge tube. This pattern can move through the
discharge tube. It can appear when the lamp is cold or when the lamp is dimmed down to too low a level.
One or more of these three phenomena may appear, especially in combination with conventional gear.
In the case of HF ballasts, the first two effects are not notice-able, thanks to the inertia of the fluorescent material, which cannot follow
the high operating frequency and also because the ballast limits the light modulation in the 50 Hz mains to a large extent. However,
at low ambient temperatures and/or at low dimming levels striations can also occur with HF ballasts and lamp may appear to be on,
especially at night time.

Dimming

To what extent fluorescent lamps can be dimmed, very much depends on the related gear and the dimming circuit. The following
general observations can be made:
1. Retrofit lamps are normally not dimmable.
2. Two-pin versions of CFL family cannot be dimmed.
3. Induction lamps cannot be dimmed.
4. When operated on conventional gear, all ‘TL’ lamps can be dimmed without any gear problems down to approx. 50 per cent light
output. Normally, the lifetime of the lamps will scarcely increase, if at all, by doing this. If, however, proper measures are taken to
keep the lamp electrodes heated, dimming can increase the lifetime of lamps. Appropriate lamps are available for this purpose in
developed world.
5. In combination with the appropriate regulating HF ballast, the 4-pin FP-L and the fluorescent tubes can be properly dimmed and
the lifetime of the lamps will increase.
Contrary to common belief not all the family of lamps can be dimmed. Following categories can be effectively dimmed.
The table suggests the types and techniques used in dimming the lamps.

Type of Dimming Methods of control

lamp Yes No Voltage Current Normal Spl gear
gear
GLS  -   - -
FTL  -  - - 
Halogen  -   - -
Retrofit-2 pin -  - - - -
2 pin CFL (non-retro) -  - - - -
Induction Lamp -  - - - -
4 pin FP-L  -  - - 
HPMV NR -   - 
HPSV  -   - 
MH NR - -  - 
NR - Not Recommended

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 HAVELLS

Louvres

White painted CAT III reflector N- (Non-category Louvre) Acrylic Diffuser

L2 - Specular (CAT II) L2 - Matt (CAT II) L1 - Specular (CAT III)

Luminaires categories

To ensure that safe luminance limits are selected for more onerous tasks being performed in a space, three standard display screen
luminaire types have been defined, each with a different luminance limit angle. The luminaires so derived are referred to as Category
1, 2 or 3.These have luminance limitation at and above 55°, 65° and 75° respectively to the downward vertical. In general, the greater
the density of display screens in an area, the greater the intensity of use and the more critical the errors, then the lower the luminance
limit should be, i.e. a smaller category number It must be emphasised that Category 1 is not ‘better’ than Category 2, nor Category 2
better than Category 3. The correct category should be selected, where the luminance will not rise above a limiting value.
Category 1 luminaires
For Category 1 luminaires the calculated luminance is limited to 200 cd/m2 or less, at and above
55° to the downward vertical at all angles of azimuth. Such luminaires would be specified for
screens con­taining safety-critical or similar information where errors have serious consequences.
They may also be required in areas where there is a high density of screens and displays screen
usage is of an intensive nature or sustained over long periods.
Category 2 luminaires (L2 Louvre)
For Category 2 luminaires the calculated luminance is limited to 200 cd/m2 or less, at and above
65° to the downward vertical when viewed from all angles of azimuth. This category of luminaire
should be used in an interior for which fairly widespread use of display screens is intended. This
could include areas where there is one terminal per desk for general usage or a few terminals
used continually.
Category 3 luminaires (L1 Louvre)
This is the greatest relaxation of the luminance limiting angle that can be recommended for areas
where display screens may be used. The calculated luminance is limited to 200 cd/m2 or less,
at and above 75° to the downward vertical when viewed from all angles of azimuth.
Relaxation of category applications
Category 2 or 3 luminaires are also acceptable where the space planning is either small cellular offices, or open plan with screen
dividers where, by simple geometrical checking, it can be shown that the luminaires will not be seen at angles below their limiting angle
from the display screens. Note that the draft European norms, with respect to luminance limits for luminaires used for workplaces,
are more or less in line with the CIBSE recommendations: a luminance limit of 200,500 or 1000 cd/m2 all round the luminaire is
demanded for an elevation angle of 65° in normal circumstances, and 55° in critical situations.

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 HAVELLS

Luminaire Selection guide

The ceiling system and its dimensions usually determine the luminaire you will choose. However, the luminaire optics combination
must fulfil the lighting requirements for each specific area. Which of the possible optics must be selected strongly depends on the
importance of the area, its dimensions and task being performed.
However, also other requirements such as image and standing will influence the choice of luminaire and optics.
This selection guide lists the requirements of a restricted number of areas. In the matrix you will find the luiminaire / luminaire optics
combination that fulfils the lighting requirements in these areas.

L2 (Cat II) L1 (Cat III) N (Non-Cat) Acrylic

Louvre Louvre Louvre Diffuser

Requirements
Requirements
Executive office
Uniformity is not essential, but the right light
where it is needed. Managers office
Attractive “different” lighting Uniform lighting
Limited glare of luminaires is acceptable Good luminance distribution
Good luminaire distribution Limited glare of luminaires is
acceptable

Conference room
Multi-purpose area for overhead, slide, video &
film presentation General office
Adjustable lighting Occasional VDU use
Attractive “different” lighting Medium illuminance
Controllable luminance distribution Good uniformity
Controlled luminaire glare Good luminance distribution
Daylight controlled lighting

Design office
(Artistic and inventory offices)
High illuminance CAD office
Good luminance distribution Extreme luminaire glare limitations
Daylight controlled lighting Adaptable illuminance
Controlled luminaire glare Adapted luminance distribution

Administrative, typing office

(Data input and output through VDU) Public service area
Medium illuminance (Reception, lobby, waiting area etc.)
Good uniformity Low illuminance
High luminance glare limitations Illuminance increased through local
Good luminance distribution lighting
Daylight controlled lighting Good luminance distribution
Controlled luminaire glare
Corridors, stairs
Low illuminance
Good uniformity (at eye level)

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 HAVELLS

where dust and moisture are generated in the hall, and for use
Ingress Protection under canopies.
Protection against ingress of solid bodies, dust and moisture IP 60
The Ingress Protection system (IP) defines various degrees Luminaires which are completely sealed against dust
of protection against the ingress of foreign bodies, dust and accumulation, and are used in very dusty environments (wood
moisture. The term ‘foreign bodies’ includes things like fingers and textile industry, stone carving) and in the food industry
and objects, tools coming into contact with the electrical live as explained above. IP 60 luminaires are rarely applied most
parts of the luminaire. frequently IP 65/ IP 66 is applied instead.
Both safety aspects (contact with live parts) and harmful effects IP 65/66
on the function of the luminaire are defined. Jet-proof luminaires which are applicable where the surroundings
are hosed down frequently by water jets, or where luminaires are
Note that the conditions during the testing might differ from the applied in a dusty environment. Although the luminaires are not
specific conditions in an application. fully watertight, the potential ingress of moisture will not have any
The designation to indicate the degree of protection consists harmful effect on the luminaire function.
of the characteristic letters IP followed by 2 digits indicating IP 65/66 luminaires are often available in impact-protected
conformity with the conditions stated in the two tables. All versions.
Havell’s Lighting luminaires fulfill the minimum classification. IP
20 (protected against finger contact with live parts), however a IP 67/68
selection of luminaires especially those for industrial applications Luminaires complying this classification are suitable for immersion
meet a higher IP classification. in water.
It is important to realise that the specification and safety of Typical application areas are underwater lighting of swimming
luminaires are only secured if the necessary maintenance pools and fountain lighting.
according the instructions of the manufacturer is carried out in
time. Luminaires are not available in all possible combinations of Deck lighting on ships should also meet this classification.
ingress and moisture protection. The most common applications The test method does not imply that IP 67/68 luminaires meet
of the IP classifications for luminaires are: the IP 65/66 classification as well.
IP 20
Luminaires which can be applied indoors only if no specific
pollution rates are expected. Offices, dry, heated industrial
halls, shops, shopping malls and theatres are typical application
segments.
IP 21/22
Luminaires which can be applied in unheated (industrial) halls
and under canopies as the luminaires are drip and condensation
water protected.
IP 23
Luminaires which can be applied in unheated industrial halls or
outdoors.
IP 43/44
Luminaires and bollards for outdoor street lighting and street
lanterns. Bollards mounted at a low height are protected against
small solid objects and against rain and splash.
A common combination within an industrial high-bay luminaire
or street lantern is IP 43, for the electrical part of the luminaire to
secure safety and IP 54/65, for the optical part of the luminaire to
prevent pollution of reflector and lamp.
IP 50
Luminaires which are applied in dusty environments to prevent
rapid pollution of the luminaire.
The exterior of IP 50 luminaires can be cleaned easily. In the food
industry, closed luminaires are specified to prevent glass particles
from accidentally broken lamps entering the production area,
preventing contamination of the products under preparation.
Although ingress protection is specified to protect the luminaire
function, it also means that particles cannot leave the luminaire
housing, thereby meeting the specification of the food industry. In
the ‘wet’ food industry, luminaires meeting the IP 50 classification
shall not be applied.
IP 54
The traditional water protected classification. Luminaires can be
cleaned with water without any harmful effect. This classification
is often specified in the food processing industry, for industries

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 HAVELLS

Protection against Mechanical Shock

The impact resistance of a luminaire defines the protection of the luminaire against mechanical shock. The European norm EN 50102
defines the degrees of protection against external mechanical impact (IK code) and the method of testing. The luminaire housing
should withstand the defined energy of the mechanical shock without losing its electrical and mechanical safety and the basic
luminaire function. Translated into a more practical implementation, this means that after withstanding the shock, deformation of the
mirror and housing is allowed, though broken lamps, an unsafe electrical situation and failure to meet the specified IP classifications
are not permitted. The impact resistance is expressed as a group numeral, for instance IK06, which is related to the impact energy
in joule.
All types of luminaires of Havell’s Lighting have a minimum impact resistance of 0.2J IK02. The table shows the ten IK classifications
and the defined shock energy in joule.
For example: an IK07 classified luminaire can withstand a mechanical shock of a pendulum hammer, a spring hammer or a free-falling
hammer of 2 joule (e.g. a hammer of 0.5 kg falling 0.40 m).
Note that vandal-proof luminaires are not available: vandal-protected and vandal-resistant are the best achievable classifications.
Former national standards used a single numeral for a specific impact energy. To avoid confusion, a characteristic group numeral of
two figures ‘IKxx’ has been chosen.

Protection against mechanical shock

IK code Shock Description Example
energy
IK00 -

IK01 0.15J

IK02 0.2J Standard Standard open luminaire, closed luminaire with acrylic cover

IK03 0.3J

IK04 0.5J Standard plus Open luminaire with reinforced optical system

IK05 0.7J

IK06 1J

IK07 2J Reinforced

IK08 5J Vandal- Closed luminaire with polycarbonate or hardened

protected glass cover

IK09 10J

IK10 20J Vandal-

resistant Closed

Z-11

Fundamental quality criteria
The function of a road lighting installation is to provide the visual
guidance needed for the safe, quick and comfortable movement
of road users.
The most important quality criteria in road lighting from the point
of view of both visual performance and visual comfort are:
1. Luminance level
2. Luminance uniformity
3. Degree of glare limitation
4. Visual guidance
1. Luminance level
Performance
The luminance of a road surface influences the contrast sensitivity
of a driver’s eye and the contrast of obstacles on the road relative
to their background; it therefore has a direct influence on the
visual performance of drivers. This influence is shown in figure,
where the increase in revealing power (defined as the percentage
of a defined set of objects detectable at each point on the road)
with increase in average road surface luminance is given.
Revealing power RP for a defined set of objects on the darkest part of the road, as a function of
the average road surface luminance Lav for a reasonable overall uniformity (U0 = 0.4) and glare
restriction T1=7%
An important criterion for the required luminance level is the
brightness of the surroundings. This is because the light from
the surroundings interferes with the normal adaptation state of
the eye; that is to say the adaptation state as determined by the
average luminance of the road.
Therefore, in the case of roads with dark surrounds, more
emphasis should be given to the lighting of these surrounds and
to the control of glare.
Comfort
In a number of tests to evaluate the visual comfort aspect of
lighting installations, observes were asked to assess the
adequacy of the luminance given by these along a route followed
by a driver.
Assessment ‘good’ is obtained for secondary roads at an
average road-surface luminance of 1.2 cd/m2, whereas for main
roads a luminance of rather more than twice this value is required
for the same assessment.
Scale used for Assessing Visual Comfort
Index Assessment
1 Bad
3 Inadequate
5 Fair
7 Good
9 Excellent
HAVELLS
Roadway Lighting
2. Luminance Uniformity
Adequate uniformity of the luminance pattern on the road surface
is important for both the visual performance and the visual comfort
of a road user.
Performance
The criterion of uniformity from the point of view of visual
performance is the ratio Lmin/Lav, called the overall uniformity ratio
Uo, which should nowhere be below 0.4. The effect of a lower Uo
value can be seen from figure, where the decrease in revealing
power with decrease in Uo from 0.4 to 0.2 is given.
Revealing power RP at the darkest point on the road, as a function of the average road-surface
luminance Lav for overall uniformities Uo 0.4 and 0.2.
Comfort
Visual comfort is expressed by the ratio Lmin / Lmax as measured
along the line passing through an observer positioned in the
middle of a traffic lane and facing the direction of traffic flow. This
ratio is referred to as the longitudinal uniformity U1.
3. Glare limitation
There are two criteria used in connection with glare. ‘Physiological’
or ‘disability’ glare is judged in terms of visual performance, while
‘physiological’ or discomfort’ glare is judged in terms of visual
comfort.
I) Disability Glare
The mechanism by which loss of visual performance results from
glare can be understood by considering the light scatter that takes
place within the eye. The light from glare sources scattered in the
direction of the retina will cause a bright veil to be superimposed
on the sharp image of the scene in front of the observer. This veil
can be considered as having a certain luminance, the equivalent
veiling luminance Lv.
II) Discomfort Glare
Research has been carried out with the object of determining
a glare mark for road lighting installations Scale models and
actual street lighting installations were used. A large number
of observers were asked to assess the degree of discomfort
glare experienced for a number of installations using the 9 point
scale. The average value of the index for a given installation is a
measure of the discomfort glare given by that installation and is
termed the glare mark, G.
The results of this research show that discomfort glare on an
artificially lighted road can be described by:
• The luminous intensity at an angle of 80° to the vertical in the
plane C = 0°, I80
• The luminous intensity at an angle of 88° to the vertical in the
plane C = 0°, I88
• The light-emitting area of the luminaires, projected under 76°,
F
• The average road-surface luminance, Lav
• The height between eye level and the luminaires, h
• The number of luminaires per kilometre, p
• The colour correction factor, c.
c = 0.4 for low-pressure sodium lamps
c = 0 for other lamps
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 HAVELLS
Scale used for Assessing Discomfort Glare
Index Glare Assessment
1 Unbearable Bad
3 Disturbing Inadequate
5 Just admissible Fair
7 Satisfactory Good
9 Unnoticeable Excellent
An analysis of these findings makes it possible to state a formula
for the calculation of the glare mark G of an installation. The
formula, which is given below, is valid for mounting heights of
between 6.5 and 20 metres:
G=13.84 - 3.31 logI80 + 1.3(logI80/I88)1/2 -
0.08logI80 / I88 + 1.29logF + 0.97logLav +
4.41logh - 1.46logp + c
4 Visual Guidance
Visual guidance facilities cover the whole complex of measures
taken to give the road user an immediately recognizable picture
of the course of the road ahead, over a distance according to the
maximum permitted speed for the stretch of road in question.
On an unlighted road at night, visual guidance is restricted to
the area within the range of a vehicle’s headlights. A lighting
arrangement that closely follows the run of the road improves
visual guidance and thus contributes to the safety and
convenience of road users. This is especially true for roads that
have many curves and intersections.
When planning a road lighting installation, therefore, attention has
to be given to the provision of adequate visual guidance and,
even more so, to the prevention of misguidance. The following
points are particularly important:
• On open motorways with separate traffic lanes and a
central reservation, good visual guidance – apart from other
advantages – is achieved by siting the lighting columns on the
reservation.
• A clear indication of the run of the road on a curve is achieved
by aligning the lighting columns along the outside of the
curve
• Visual guidance can also be used to ‘pilot’ traffic along certain
routes, the colour appearance of the various different types of
light source proving very effective as a route indicator.
• At night, very good visual guidance is obtained when, for
instance, motorways and exit roads are illuminated by different
types of light source e.g. sodium lighting for main roads and
metal halide lighting for the exits.
Z-13
Lighting Arrangements
Two-way Traffic Roads
There are three basic types of lighting arrangements that are
recognized as being suitable for this type of road: single-sided,
staggered, & opposite.
Single-Sided
This type of arrangement, in which all the luminaires are located
on one side of the road, is used only when the width of the road
is equal to, or less than, the mounting height of the luminaires.
The luminance of the road surface at the side remote from the
luminaires is inevitably lower than that on the same side as the
luminaires.
Staggered
This type of arrangement, in which the luminaires are located on
either side of the road in staggered, or zigzag, arrangement, is
used mainly when the width of the road is between 1 and 1.5
times the mounting height of the luminaires. Very careful attention
should be paid to the uniformity of the luminance on the road
surface – alternate bright and dark patches can produce an
unpleasant zigzag effect.
Opposite
This type of arrangement, with the luminaires located opposite
one another, is used mainly when the width of the road is greater
than 1.5 times the mounting height of the luminaires.
Central, Twin-Bracket
Here the luminaires are located above the central reservation
only. This can be considered as a single-sided arrangement for
each individual carriageway.
Combined Twin-Bracket and Opposite
Here, twin brackets, located on the central reservation, are
combined with the opposite arrangement. This can be considered
as a staggered arrangement for each individual carriageway.
a b c e
Lignting arrangement for two-way traffic roads
a) Single-side
b) Staggered
c) Opposite
d) Central, twin-bracket
e) Combined twin-bracket and opposite
 HAVELLS

On all curves, the spacing of the luminaires is a function of the

Road Junctions radius of the curve: the smaller the radius, the closer the spacing.
As a general rule, the space between the luminaires will be from
Conventional Luminaires 0.5 to 0.75 times that for a similar stretch of straight road.
The arrangement of the luminaires at cross-roads, roundabouts
and slip-roads, should be such that the junction is clearly visible
from a distance. The lighting should also help to prevent traffic
congestion by aiding a driver in the selection of the correct exit Aids to Road lighting design
road.
Light Distribution Diagrams
Assistance, especially at night, is provided by:
Light distribution diagrams in the various planes for selection of
• Giving the road surface at the junction a higher luminance the type of luminaire are required for a particular road lighting
• Using different colours of light for the junction lighting installation. The polar intensity diagram provides a rough idea
• Using luminaires in different arrangements for the main and of the shape of the light distribution of a luminaire. In the polar
secondary roads. intensity diagram the luminous intensity is given in candela per
1000 lumen (cd/1000lm) of the normal lamp flux of the lamps
High-mast Lighting applied.
High-mast lighting (columns 20m or higher) is often used in
Polar light distribution curve
preference to conventional lighting for complex junctions on main
roads and for motorway interchanges. The rows of luminaires
used in the latter system could produce a very confusing effect,
especially at a multi-level interchange.
The principle attraction of high-mast lighting is that by using only
a small number of powerful floodlights mounted at a high level,
it leaves the junction almost free of columns, and so gives the
road user an uncluttered view of what lies ahead. Glare is also
often less of a problem, and it is possible to achieve a very high
lighting uniformity. The design of such an installation, however,
calls for very careful planning in the positioning of the masts and
in the choice of floodlight used.
Curves
Curves of large radius (in the order 300m) can be treated as
straight roads and the luminaires can be sited in accordance with
one of the schemes outlined above. The siting of the luminaires
on curves of smaller radius, however, should be such as to
ensure both adequate road-surface luminance and effective
visual guidance. Utilisation factor diagrams
Where the width of the road is less than 1.5 times the mounting
height, the luminaires should be placed above the outside of the Utilisation factor diagrams indicate the effectiveness of the
curve in a single-sided arrangement. At the same time, however, luminaire in distributing lamp flux into different longitudinal strips
care should be taken to avoid the confusing situation depicted on or besides the roadways. The utilisation factor diagram
in figure. evaluates the luminous flux from a luminaire, expressed as a
fraction of the lamp flux, emitted in the zone subtended at the
For wider roads, an opposite arrangement should be used. The luminaire by the C = 0° plane and the sloping plane, through a
staggered arrangement gives poor visual guidance and should, longitudinal roadway line. The longitudinal roadway line may be
therefore, be avoided. defined by its lateral angle (angle in the C = 90° plane) or by its
lateral distance from the longitudinal roadway line beneath the
luminaire as a function of luminaire mounting height.

The avoidance of misguidance. A Potentially dangerous situation (left) is created by a

badlysited luminaire,which may produced a misleading impression of the run of the road.
The offending luminaire correctly placed (right) to avoid confusion.

Z-14
 HAVELLS
Thus, there are two possible forms of utilisation factor diagrams,
as shown in Fig. The sum of asymptotic utilisation factors on
the kerbside and the road gives the downward light output ratio
of the luminaire. This diagram may be used to determine the
average illuminance in any longitudinal strip parallel to a long line
of luminaires.
Isolux diagrams
The value of the illuminance at point p on a load, consists of
the sum of the partial illuminance produced by all the lanterns
(neglecting illuminance contributions from any other light sources
there may be) where IE, Ci is the luminous intensity of lantern i in
the direction of point p as indicated the angles and Ci (see fig. 1
- illuminance at point p by lantern i).
With this formula, it is possible to calculate the value of illuminance
of various points on a road. When values obtained are plotted
on a plane of the road and the values of equal illuminance are
connected together, the result forms what is known as an isolux
diagram.
Fig1
These isolux diagrams, for one luminaire, are given in photometric
data sheets for each type of luminaire, in terms of percentages
of the maximum illuminance, for every mounting height, as the
relative isolux diagram on plane to be illuminated Emax= 100 %.
To obtain illuminance from a lantern i at point p, all that is
necessary to do is to place the centre point of relative diagram
on projected position of the luminaire Li on a scale plane of road
drawn in same units of h as the relative diagram and read off the
value of relative diagram at point p. This read-off value should be
multiplied by Emax= a x /h2 to obtain the illuminance value in lux.
The figure for the factor ‘a‘ is given under the relative diagram,
(a=0.187, = luminous flux in lumen and h - mounting height in
metres).
Illuminance calculations
The average illuminance over a large pavement area in terms
of lux may be calculated by means of a “utilisation curve” or by,
computing the illuminance at a large number of specific points
and averaging the values found.
Z-15
The easiest and quickest way of calculating the average
illuminance of a straight road of infinite length, is by using the
utilisation factor curves given in the Photometric Data Sheets and
the following formula:
Eav = nφL
W x S
φL = Luminous flux of the lamp
W = Width of the road
S = Spacing between the luminaires
n = Utilisation factor
In outdoor lighting the utilisation factor is defined as that fraction
of the luminous flux coming from a luminaire which actually
reaches the road:
n = φutilised / φL
From this definition formula may be derived as
Eav = φ(utilised of all luminaires)
(area of the road)
= n x φ(utilised of one luminaire)
(area of the road)
n = number of spacings
Computer-aided lighting designs
Computers are being extensively used in lighting design
calculations, to enable designers and users to adopt lighting
systems with a fair degree of confidence and without resorting
to experimentation. This has been done considering the practical
impossibility of carrying out manual calculations for multi lamp
installations in large areas. Also, this has the added advantage
of examining the achievable results with various lighting designs,
prior to commencing the actual project work and selecting that
design which is appropriate. Prior to carrying out the computer
calculations, thumb rule calculations (based upon the lumen
method and the designer’s experience) are carried out. This
forms the basis of the computer aided design calculations.
However, for computer aided design exhaustive photometric
data of the luminaires are required and with the help of software
the results are obtained. Luminaires Division of Havells not
only provides the photometric data of all the luminaires but also
provides the most modern outdoor software for illumination
design to the Architects, Consultants, Project Authorities and the
users on request. State-of-the-art software enables to work out
a number of alternate designs giving the horizontal illumination
levels and uniformity ratios in a shortest possible time.
Soon the software Havell’s “LITEPACK” can be downloaded
from our website www.havells.com for your indoor or out door
lighting calculations. You may ask for a CD for your own records
by sending your request to near by Havells office or mail your
request to us at lighting@havells.com
 HAVELLS

T5 Luminaires overview
The introduction of T5 lamp technology offers a number of
advantages which have resulted in the development of a new
generation of luminaires with substantial benefits for end users as
well as for specifiers, contractors and wholesalers.
Trend for shallow luminaires
Increasingly specifiers are requesting the integration of more
compact luminaires in buildings to enhance the perception of
space. The volume of T5 luminaires has been reduced by up to
40% offering new design possibilities and significantly reducing
the space required for transport and storage.
Better performance
The T5 lamp is more efficient and also brighter than the T8 lamp.
New optics have been designed to take into account the reduced
lamp size and also to achieve superior LOR performance (>75%)
with good glare control to comply with the existing regulations
CIBSE LG3 and DIN 5035, as well as with the forthcoming EN
12464.
Less energy consumption An alternative is to maintain the 4 lamp luminaires but reduce the
number used in a room.
T5 systems offer up to 30% less energy consumption than
conventional systems and are even 10% more efficient than high Please contact your Havell’s lighting design centre for design
frequency systems with T8 lamps. schemes to meet your requirements.
Maintenance
The improved average life of the T5 lamp (20,000 hours) has
led to replacement time being extended, whilst maintaining the
quality of light throughout its life.
Environmentally friendly
The awareness of environmental issues has increased demand
for products which use smaller amounts of raw materials and
packaging, but make full use of high quality and recyclable
materials.
Additionally low energy consumption and longer average life are
important energy saving factors.
Lighting management
T5 lamps and luminaires are tuned to perform together in a
variety of indoor environments
As with T8, the total light output of T5 lamps is dependent on
the ambient temperature around the lamp. In most operating
conditions T5 lamps achieve their optimum performance at
350C.
In a modular luminaire the temperature of the micro environment
of the lamp is typically 100C above the ambient room temperature
and therefore close to the optimised temperature of 350C.
In ventilated or air handling luminaires the air draught may
overcool the lamp and cause the operating temperature to fall
below the optimum. However, good design copes with these
conflicting requirements to ensure on optimum performance of
the lighting installation.
T8/T5 Comparisons (lamp/ballast/optical system)
By replacing a typical 4x18W T8 luminaire installation with a
4x14W T5, the system efficacy is improved by 40%. Even if the
4x18W T8 luminaire is equipped with high frequency ballasts,
the improvement is 17%.
In many cases the replacement of a 4 lamp T8 luminaire by a
3 lamp T5 luminaire results in a similar illuminance level on the
working plane due to the efficiency of the T5 lamp.

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Tunnel lighting luminaire

The right light for every tunnel

Traffic is increasingly being diverted underground, through tunnels and underpasses today.
This is the only way to accommodate today’s high volume of traffic in view of the settlement density and growing demands to protect
the environment. Up to 100,000 vehicles per day on urban motorways are not uncommon today.
Exceedingly high standards are imposed on the tunnel lighting so that these vehicles can drive through safely, even in periods of
peak traffic.
The tunnel lighting has a major effect on traffic safety, the smooth flow of traffic and the efficiency of the energy input.
The high concentration of exhaust gases combined with gritting salt produces a highly corrosive atmosphere in the tunnel, yet the
lighting must continue to operate reliably for many, many years.
Havell’s has developed outstanding solutions meeting all these requirements in terms of lighting technology and cost-efficiency.
More than just light at the end of the tunnel
Driver’s eyes have to perform a complex task as their vehicles approach a tunnel, for suddenly they must be able to identify any
obstacles inside the dark tunnel although they are fully attuned to bright daylight.
So that the flow of traffic is not impeded, it is therefore important to illuminate the interior of the tunnel in such a way that road users
can always see into the tunnel without reducing speed, even during the day.
The required tunnel lighting during the day depends on the luminance in the driver’s field of vision as they approach the tunnel and
on the traffic conditions.
For the purpose of the lighting design, long tunnels are divided lengthwise into five zones, each zone being characterised by a
particular type of vision problem.
A. Access zone
Stretch of road immediately before entering the tunnel. Its length is equal to the stopping distance. It must be possible to see inside
the tunnel from here in order to drive into the tunnel at the same speed.

B. Entrance
Distance required for bringing the vehicle to halt from the mouth of the tunnel. The level of luminance Lth is determined by conditions
in the approach zone, as well as the traffic conditions and have to remain constant for half of the stopping distance. It is then reduced
to 40% of the original value by the end of the entrance zone.

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C. Transition Zone

Distance over which the luminance is reduced from the value at the end of the entrance zone to that inside the tunnel.
A ratio of 1:3 must not be exceeded if the luminance is reduced in stages.
D. Interior
It is the distance between the transition zone and the exit zone. During the day, interior lighting is required from the end of the transition
zone to the tunnel exit. At night, the requirements imposed on the level of illumination Lin must be higher than for a comparable stretch
of open road in order to take account of the changed physiological conditions. The tunnel must be illuminated over its full length at
night.
E. Exit
Distance over which the lighting conditions outside the tunnel have a significant effect on the tunnel distance by day. Adaptive lighting
may be required here in some cases.
The necessary luminance Lth [cd/m2] of the road surface in the threshold zone, immediately after entering the tunnel, is determined
by the condition:
(1) Lth > R.L20
The level of adaptation luminance L20 [cd/m2] of a driver approaching the tunnel is determined for 20 degree zone of observation
measured from a distance equal to the breaking distance to the tunnel entrance. The parameter R [1,2] depends on the conditions of
movement in the tunnel (one-way vs. two-way traffic), the kind of lighting installation, and the traffic intensity ICAR [car/h].
The annual maintenance costs for tunnels without ventilation (up to 800 m long) mostly depends on the annul expenses for artificial
lighting. Their extent depends on the annual hourly charts of the access zone luminance L20 and traffic intensity Icar. The necessary
working power of illuminating a unit area of the road is proportional to the luminance determined from equation (1), and the parameter
k:
(2) P(t)=k.Lth(t)=k.R(ICAR(t)).L20(t),[W/m2]
The parameter k [(w/m2)/(cd/m2) is a basic quality factor of the lighting system – specific power for achieving a unit luminance on
the road. It depends on the type of the lamps used, on the luminous intensity distribution of the luminaires [14], on their placement
in relation to the road (centrally or laterally), and on the indicatris of road pavement reflection [25]. The calculated necessary specific
power is provided by the simultaneous work of luminaires from a number of circuits. The optimal number of circuits for day lighting is
determinde by solving an optimization task with the objective of minimizing annual maintenance costs.

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 HAVELLS

Type of traffic One-way Two-way

through the tunnel
traffic intensity >1500 >500<1500 <500 >400 >100,<400 <100
{vehic./h
Traffic type Ñ ì Ñ ì Ñ ì Ñ ì Ñ ì Ñ ì
Tunnel class 4 3 3 2 2 1 4 3 3 2 2 1

Stopping distance 60m 100m 120m

Tunnel class (60Km/h) (80km/h) (100km/h)
4 0.05 0.06 0.10
3 0.04 0.05 0.07
2 0.03 0.04 0.05
1 only day and night duty lighting (<6 cd/m2)

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“Your Safety is Our Concern.”

Our commitment to product excellence and providing world class quality products at affordable price in building your modern work
spaces from the wide spectrum of products we manufacture, we now offer one more dimension “Designing At your End”- A vital
information package which shall aid you in providing lighting solutions for your existing or prospective projects to the clients on the
field itself.

Below you shall find Glossary of Technical Words and Definitions, the correct understanding of which will enable you to correlate the
full importance of the various terms used.

• Luminous Flux (Unit – Lumen)

It is the quantity of light per second emitted by the light source. The Luminous Flux is expressed in units called Lumen.

• Uniformity
The ratio of the minimum Illuminance, compared with the average Illuminance in the space is termed as Uniformity (Emin/Eav). For
all practical purposes, the Uniformity ratio should not be less than 0.5. The Illuminance on areas adjacent to the task area should
not be less than one-third of the task Illuminance.

• Maintainance Factor
In calculating Illuminance levels allowance should be made for loss of light because of the accumulation of dirt, to ensure that
minimum levels are always met.
This is known as Maintainance Factor and values as thumb rule are given as follows:

• 0.8 – Very Clean Areas ex- Offices, conference areas, meeting halls

• 0.7 – Clean Areas ex- Sports fields, garage areas, parking lots

• 0.6 – Dirty Areas ex- Coal & Cement Plants, Carpentry workshops

• Reflectance
The Reflectance of a surface is a measure of the amount of light which reflects from the surface. It is expressed as a % of the total
amount of light falling on the surface. In general light coloured surfaces will have higher reflectance than those with dark finishes.
 HAVELLS
Number of Luminaires per room

Luminaire : Mirror Optics - Ivy Series Maintanance : 0.8

Lamp Type : 2x14W T5 Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 1250 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 20 28 36 46
Room Height : 2.8m 18 24 32 40
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 12 18 24 28
Room Height : 2.8m 12 16 22 26

Number of Luminaires per room

Luminaire : Mirror Optics - Ivy Series Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 3x14W T5 Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 1250 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 14 20 26 30
Room Height : 2.8m 12 18 24 28
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 10 12 16 20
Room Height : 2.8m 8 10 14 18

Number of Luminaires per room

Luminaire : Mirror Optics - Ivy Series Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 4x14W T5 Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 1250 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 10 16 20 24
Room Height : 2.8m 10 14 18 20
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 6 10 12 16
Room Height : 2.8m 6 8 10 12

Number of Luminaires per room

Luminaire : Mirror Optics - Ivy Series Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 2x28W T5 Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 2900 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 8 12 16 20
Room Height : 2.8m 8 12 14 18
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 6 8 10 12
Room Height : 2.8m 6 8 10 12

Number of Luminaires per room

Luminaire : Mirror Optics-T5 Modular Compact Optic Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 3x14W T5 Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 1250 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 14 18 24 30
Room Height : 2.8m 12 16 22 28
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 10 12 16 18
Room Height : 2.8m 8 10 14 16
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Number of Luminaires per room
Luminaire : Mirror Optics-T5 Modular Compact Optic Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 4x14W T5 Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 1250 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 10 14 18 22
Room Height : 2.8m 8 12 16 20
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 6 10 12 14
Room Height : 2.8m 6 8 10 12

Number of Luminaires per room

Luminaire : Mirror Optics P5 Paralite Louvre-LPF Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 1x36W FP-L Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 2900 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 8 12 16 20
Room Height : 2.8m 8 12 14 18
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 6 8 10 12
Room Height : 2.8m 6 8 10 12

Number of Luminaires per room

Luminaire : Mirror Optics P5 Paralite Louvre (2’x1’) Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 2x36W FP-L Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 2900 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 8 12 14 18
Room Height : 2.8m 8 10 12 16
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 6 8 10 12
Room Height : 2.8m 4 6 8 10

Number of Luminaires per room

Luminaire : Mirror Optics P5 Paralite Louvre (2’x2’) Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 2x36W FP-L Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 2900 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 8 12 14 18
Room Height : 2.8m 6 10 12 16
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 6 8 10 12
Room Height : 2.8m 4 6 8 10

Number of Luminaires per room

Luminaire : Mirror Optics P5 Paralite Louvre (2’x2’) Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 3x36W FP-L Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 2900 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 8 10 12 16
Room Height : 2.8m 6 8 12 16
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 4 6 8 10
Room Height : 2.8m 4 6 8 10
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Number of Luminaires per room

Luminaire : Softline Direct AS Series-P5 Paralite Louvre Maintanance : 0.8

Lamp Type : 2x36W FP-L Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 2900 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 12 16 22 26
Room Height : 2.8m 10 14 20 24
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 8 10 14 16
Room Height : 2.8m 6 8 12 14

Number of Luminaires per room

Luminaire : Softline AS Series - Perforated louvre Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 2x36W FP-L Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 2900 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 12 16 22 26
Room Height : 2.8m 10 14 20 24
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 8 10 14 16
Room Height : 2.8m 6 8 12 14

Number of Luminaires per room

Luminaire : Casper Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 1x55W 2D CFL Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 3650 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 26 36 46 56
Room Height : 2.8m 24 32 42 50
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 16 24 30 36
Room Height : 2.8m 14 22 28 32

Number of Luminaires per room

Luminaire : Mirror Optics - AS Series - New Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 3x36W FP-L Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 2900 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 6 10 10 12
Room Height : 2.8m 6 8 10 12
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 4 6 6 8
Room Height : 2.8m 4 4 6 8

Number of Luminaires per room

Luminaire : Mirror Optic - GB/ POP Series-NC Louvre Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 1x36/40W FTL Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 2450 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 14 18 24 28
Room Height : 2.8m 12 16 22 26
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 10 12 16 18
Room Height : 2.8m 8 10 14 16
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Number of Luminaires per room
Luminaire : Mirror Optic SR Series-NC Louvre Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 2x36/40W FTL Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 2450 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 12 16 20 24
Room Height : 2.8m 10 14 18 22
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 8 10 12 16
Room Height : 2.8m 6 8 10 14

Number of Luminaires per room

Luminaire : Mirror Optic AS/GB/POP Series-L2 Louvre Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 2x36/40W FTL Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 2450 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 12 16 22 26
Room Height : 2.8m 10 16 18 24
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 8 10 12 16
Room Height : 2.8m 6 8 12 16

Number of Luminaires per room

Luminaire : Mirror Optic AS/GB/POP Series-NC Louvre Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 2x36/40W FTL Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 2450 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 12 16 20 26
Room Height : 2.8m 10 14 18 24
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 8 10 12 16
Room Height : 2.8m 6 8 12 16

Number of Luminaires per room

Luminaire : Mirror Optic AS/GB/POP Series-L2 Louvre Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 4x18/20W FTL Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 1020 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 16 22 26 32
Room Height : 2.8m 14 20 24 30
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 10 14 18 22
Room Height : 2.8m 8 12 16 20

Number of Luminaires per room

Luminaire : Mirror Optic AS/GB/POP Series-NC Louvre Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 4x18/20W FTL Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 1020 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 14 20 26 30
Room Height : 2.8m 12 18 24 28
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 10 12 16 20
Room Height : 2.8m 8 10 14 18
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Number of Luminaires per room
Luminaire : New Mirror Optic AS/GB/POP Series Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 4x18/20W FTL Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 1020 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 14 20 24 30
Room Height : 2.8m 12 18 22 28
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 10 12 16 18
Room Height : 2.8m 8 10 14 18

Number of Luminaires per room

Luminaire : Extruded AL. Compact Optic T5 Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 2x28W T5 Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 2900 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 10 12 16 18
Room Height : 2.8m 8 10 14 16
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 6 8 10 12
Room Height : 2.8m 6 6 8 10

Number of Luminaires per room

Luminaire : Mirror Optic OS Series -L2 Louvre Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 1x36W FTL Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 2450 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 14 18 24 28
Room Height : 2.8m 12 16 22 26
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 10 12 16 18
Room Height : 2.8m 8 10 14 16

Number of Luminaires per room

Luminaire : Mirror Optic OS Series Slim-NC Louvre Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 1x36W FTL Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 2450 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 12 18 24 28
Room Height : 2.8m 12 16 22 26
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 8 10 16 18
Room Height : 2.8m 6 10 12 16

Number of Luminaires per room

Luminaire : Mirror Optic OS Series -L2 Louvre Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 2x36W FTL Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 2450 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 12 16 20 26
Room Height : 2.8m 10 14 18 24
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 8 10 12 16
Room Height : 2.8m 6 10 12 16
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Number of Luminaires per room
Luminaire : Mirror Optic OS Series Slim-NC Louvre Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 2x36W FTL Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 2450 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 10 16 20 26
Room Height : 2.8m 10 14 18 24
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 6 10 12 16
Room Height : 2.8m 6 10 12 16

Number of Luminaires per room

Luminaire : Mirror Optic OS Series -NC Louvre Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 4x18/20W FTL Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 1020 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 16 22 28 32
Room Height : 2.8m 14 20 26 30
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 10 14 18 22
Room Height : 2.8m 8 12 16 20

Number of Luminaires per room

Luminaire : Mirror Optic OS Series -L2 Louvre Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 4x18/20W FTL Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 1020 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 16 22 28 32
Room Height : 2.8m 14 20 26 30
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 10 14 18 22
Room Height : 2.8m 8 12 16 20

Number of Luminaires per room

Luminaire : Mirror Optic OS Series-NC Louvre Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 3x36W FP-L Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 2900 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 8 10 14 16
Room Height : 2.8m 6 8 12 14
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 4 6 10 10
Room Height : 2.8m 4 6 8 8

Number of Luminaires per room

Luminaire : Mirror Optic OS Series-L2 Louvre Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 3x36W FP-L Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 2900 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 8 10 14 16
Room Height : 2.8m 6 10 12 16
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 4 6 10 10
Room Height : 2.8m 4 6 8 10
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Number of Luminaires per room
Luminaire : Mirror Optic OS Series-NC Louvre Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 2x36W FP-L Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 2900 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 8 12 16 18
Room Height : 2.8m 8 10 14 16
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 6 8 10 12
Room Height : 2.8m 4 6 8 10

Number of Luminaires per room

Luminaire : Mirror Optic OS Series-L2 Louvre Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 2x36W FP-L Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 2900 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 8 12 16 18
Room Height : 2.8m 8 10 14 16
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 6 8 10 12
Room Height : 2.8m 4 6 10 10

Number of Luminaires per room

Luminaire : Mirror Optic OS Series-Cabin Lite NC Louvre Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 2x18W CFL Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 1200 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 22 32 40 48
Room Height : 2.8m 20 30 36 46
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 16 20 26 32
Room Height : 2.8m 12 18 24 28

Number of Luminaires per room

Luminaire : Mirror Optic OS Series-Cabin Lite L2 Louvre Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 2x18W CFL Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 1200 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 28 40 50 60
Room Height : 2.8m 20 30 36 46
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 18 24 32 40
Room Height : 2.8m 12 18 24 30

Number of Luminaires per room

Luminaire : Mirror Optic OS Series-Cabin Lite NC Louvre Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 2x11W CFL Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 900 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 30 40 50 64
Room Height : 2.8m 26 36 48 60
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 18 28 32 40
Room Height : 2.8m 16 24 30 36
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 HAVELLS
Number of Luminaires per room
Luminaire : Mirror Optic OS Series-Cabin Lite L2 Louvre Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 2x11W CFL Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 900 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 32 44 54 66
Room Height : 2.8m 28 40 50 64
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 20 28 36 42
Room Height : 2.8m 18 26 32 40

Number of Luminaires per room

Luminaire : Mirror Optic R Slim - Cabin Lite NC Louvre Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 2x18W CFL Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 1200 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 24 36 42 50
Room Height : 2.8m 22 32 40 48
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 16 22 28 34
Room Height : 2.8m 14 20 26 32

Number of Luminaires per room

Luminaire : Mirror Optic R Cabin Lite L2 Louvre Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 2x18W CFL Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 1200 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 28 40 50 62
Room Height : 2.8m 26 36 48 56
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 18 26 32 40
Room Height : 2.8m 16 24 30 36

Number of Luminaires per room

Luminaire : Mirror Optic R Slim - Cabin Lite NC Louvre Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 2x11W CFL Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 900 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 32 44 56 70
Room Height : 2.8m 30 42 54 66
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 20 30 36 46
Room Height : 2.8m 18 28 34 42

Number of Luminaires per room

Luminaire : Mirror Optic R Cabin Lite L2 Louvre Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 2x11W CFL Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 900 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 36 54 66 82
Room Height : 2.8m 34 50 62 78
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 26 36 44 54
Room Height : 2.8m 22 32 40 50
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Number of Luminaires per room
Luminaire : Mirror Optic - P5 Paralite Louvre (1’x1’) Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 2x11W CFL Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 900 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 28 36 46 56
Room Height : 2.8m 24 32 44 54
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 16 24 30 36
Room Height : 2.8m 14 22 28 34

Number of Luminaires per room

Luminaire : Mirror Optic - P5 Paralite Louvre (1’x1’) Maintanance : 0.8
Lamp Type : 2x18W FP-L Reflection c/w/f : 70/50/20
Lumen/ lamp : 1200 lumens Uniformity : 0.5
Floor Space m2
40 60 80 100
E = 500 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 20 28 34 42
Room Height : 2.8m 18 26 32 40
E = 300 LUX
Room Height : 3.5m 12 18 22 28
Room Height : 2.8m 10 16 20 26

Z-34
 HAVELLS

Application Information

Z-35