Professional Documents
Culture Documents
4 00 4
Aim
Objective
To provide basics of sound
To provide overview of audio systems
To learn about microphones
To learn about loudspeakers
To learn about audio recording
Periodic and aperiodic signals, Frequency response and linearity, the decibel, Audio
level metering.
Nature of sound, Principles of speed and sound, wavelength, intensity and power,
frequency of sound waves, Resonance effect in systems. Sources of sound – Producing
sounds – vibrating bars, vibrating panels, vibrating strings, diaphragms and resonators,
The human voice.
Principles of Disc recording, Block diagram of disc recording system, Block diagram
of disc reproduction system, Magnetic Recording – Principles, Reproduction, Need for
biasing – AC, DC biasing, Parts of Tape Recorder, Block diagram of Tape Recorder.
Optical Recording – Types, Methods of optical recording of sound – Compact disc, optical
recording on disc, comparison of compact discs and conventional discs, Audio system
measurements –
Wow and flutter, Rumble.
Need and use, Block diagram, Requirements of public addressing systems, Public
Addressing System - Public meeting, Auditorium and stadium. Acoustic Reverberation–
Necessity of reverberation, reverberation periods.
Total Periods : 60
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Audio and Video Systems Principles, Maintenance and trouble shooting, R G Gupta,
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Sound system engineering, By Don Davis, Carolyn Davis, Second Edition, and
Elsevier Publications.
2. Standard Handbook of Audio Engineering, Jerry Whitaker, Blair Benson, Second
Edition, (Technical Press, Inc)
4004
Aim
Objectives
To introduce digital techniques in acoustics and audioDigital Audio Recording
Time Sampling (discretization): e.g. aliasing, sample and hold AD converter.
Quantization: Dynamic range, distortion, dithers.
Filters: Impulse responses and frequency responses
UNIT I
FUNDAMENTALS OF AUDIO AND DIGITAL AUDIO
12
Audio principles – Physics of sound, speed of sound, wavelength, level and loudness,
critical bands, Music and the Ear, sensation of pitch, Digital Audio – Need for digital audio,
Digital Audio principles, The sampler, Time Compression, Synchronization, Error
correction and coding, Digital Audio Broadcasting.
Pure binary code, 2’s complement, Introduction to digital processing, Logic
elements, Storage elements, binary adding, A Digital mixer, Filters, Sampling rate
conversion.
UNIT II
CONVERSION TO DIGITAL AUDIO
12
UNIT IV
DIGITAL AUDIO REPRODUCTION 12
UNIT V
COMPRESSION 12
TOTAL PERIODS: 60
TEXT BOOKS:
1. John Watkinson, The Art of Digital Audio. 2nd Edition., 2000, Focal Press 0 240
515870
2. Ken C Pohlmann, Principles of Digital Audio. 4th Edition., 2000, McGraw-Hill
REFERENCE BOOKS:
AIM
On successfully completing this Module the student will be able to:
OBJECTIVES
On successfully completing this Module the student will have knowledge and
understanding of:
UNIT – I
The need for noise control, EC directives on machinery noise and outdoor equipment,
Specification of noise control targets.Units of noise measurement - Sound pressure,
intensity and power levels, reference values, Frequency analysis. dB(A) and other
frequency weighted units, Combining sound pressures (incoherent and coherent).
UNIT – II
Noise sources
UNIT – III
Effect of multiple sources and multiple paths. Noise path models, Control at source.
Airborne transmission. Structure-borne transmission.
UNIT - IV
UNIT - V
REFERENCE BOOKS:
4004
Aim
To study about various models and systems of acoustics to impart sound knowledge in
generating acoustic models and solving relevant equations.
Objective
Wave equation-sate equation, plane waves and solution to general equation- Reflection of
plane waves. Helmoltz equation and spherical wave. Sound power output of a source,
reflection plane. Transfer functions for acoustic pipes, open acoustic pipe- velocity drive
and pressure drive sources. Driving point and transfer impedances.
Random and sound field model, Raleigh and exponential distributions. Random polynomial
model of the transfer functions of random signals, Zeros of random polynomials.
Reverberation statistics in rooms, number of reflection waves, number of collision at the
boundaries, energy decay process. Poles and zeros of room transfer function models, poles,
zeros, residues, sign change probabilities. Phase of room transfer functions.
UNIT IV Inverse Filters 12
Causality of inverse filters, inverse filters of minimum phase components, minimum phase
and all pass components of the transfer function,. Sound image projection system,
waveform recovery. Invers filters and linear equations, least square error method, signal
analysis and representation, principal component analysis, singular value decomposition of
a matrix, Pseudo inverse matrix.
Filter bank analysis, additive synthesis, phase vocoder. Sinusoidal based analysis/
synthesis- estimation of model parameters, time frequence resolution. Source/ filter phase
model, additive deterministic/ stochastic model, signal separation using two voice model,
the ambiguity problem, FM synthesis, representation of musical sound, parameter
estimation.
Total 60 Hours
Text Books:
4004
Aim
Objective
Pipes, horns and cavities, impedance curves, string instruments, guitars and lutes, response
to string forces, sound radiation, bowed string instruments-violin, construction, body
vibrations, the bridge—the bow, the piano, piano hammers, sound decay, scaling and tunig,
timbre.
UNIT-V Wind Instruments 12
Sound generation by reep and lip vibrations, pressure controlled valves quasi static
model, generators coupled to horns, non linear analysis. Lip driven bass instruments-
radiation, small and large amplitude non linearity, impedance curves, and acoustic spectra.
Total 60 Hours
Text Books:
4004
AIM
OBJECTIVE
To study about the fundamentals of wave propagation, their non linear behavior and
the non linear geometries of acoustics.
To study about the dispersive media and scattering of sound waves.
General solution of the plane wave equation, free waves, forced waves, derivation of wave
equation, impedance sound waves, spherical and cylindrical sound waves of 1D-solution to
1D equation. 3D wave equation,
Homogeneous gases, isotropic gases, elastic medium with cavities, on linearities in elastic
media. Non linear effects in the presence of dispersion and dissipation. Propagation of
pulses, intense acoustic noise, waves in media, finite amplitude standing waves, energy and
momentum in plane sound waves.
Rays and ray tubes, non linear wave evolution along the rays, spherical waves, non linear
acoustics of explosive waves, one dimensional propagation in inhomogeneous media. Self
refraction of shock waves. Non linear sound beams- paraxial beams, the non linear beam
equation, divergent waves.
Medial with selective absorption, non linear waves in waveguides, parametric amplification
and generation of sound. Acoustic solitons in a liquid with gas bubbles. Acoustic solitons in
solids, wave interaction in a liquid with resonance bubbles. Parametric sound transmitter
in a waveguide.
Cubic non linearity in acoustics, self focusing sound, 1D modulated waves, stimulated
scattering of sound, wave front reversal, concentration of non linearity in a liquid with gas
bubbles, cavitational self focusing of sound, phase locking of non linear oscillators in
acoustics.
Total 60 Hors
Text Books
SIGNALS PROCESSING
LTPC
3104
AIM
OBJECTIVES
Continuous and discrete time signals: Classification of Signals – Periodic aperiodic even –
odd – energy and power signals – Deterministic and random signals – complex exponential
and sinusoidal signals – periodicity – properties of discrete time complex exponential unit
impulse – unit step impulse functions – Transformation in independent variable of signals:
time scaling, time shifting. Determination of Fourier series representation of continuous
time and discrete time periodic signals – Explanation of properties of continuous time and
discrete time Fourier series.
Continuous time Fourier Transform and Laplace Transform analysis with examples –
properties of the Continuous time Fourier Transform and Laplace Transform basic
properties, Parseval’s relation, and convolution in time and frequency domains.
Basic properties of continuous time systems: Linearity, Causality, time invariance, stability,
magnitude and Phase representations of frequency response of LTI systems -Analysis and
characterization of LTI systems using Laplace transform:
Computation of impulse response and transfer function using Laplace transform.
UNIT IV 12
ADAPTIVE FILTERS
FIR adaptive filters -adaptive filter based on steepest descent method-Widrow-Hoff LMS
adaptive algorithm, Normalized LMS. Adaptive channel equalization-Adaptive echo
cancellation-Adaptive noise cancellation- Adaptive recursive filters (IIR). RLS adaptive
filters-Exponentially weighted RLS-sliding window RLS.
UNIT V 12
MULTIRATE DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
TEXT BOOK
REFERENCE BOOKS
LTPC
4004
Aim:
Develop an understanding of the relationship of vocal tract shapes and physical acoustics
to the acoustic speech signal.
Objective:
1. Design and implement digital filters to synthesize speech and code speech at a low
bit rate.
2. Implement speech analysis and speech synthesis modules using object-oriented
software programs.
Signal Processing And Analysis Methods For Speech Recognition: The bank-of filters front-
end processor. Linear predictive model for speech recognition, Vector quantization,
Auditory based Spectral analysis model.
Theory And Implementation of Hidden Markov Models: Discrete time Markov processes,
Extensions to hidden Markov Models, The three basic problems for HMMs,
Types of HMMs, Implementation issues for HMMs, HMM system for isolated word
recognition
TEXT BOOKS
References
1. B. Gold and N. Morgan, “Speech and Audio Signal Processing”, John Wiley.
2. D. Jurafsky and J.H. Martin, “Speech and Language Processing”, Pearson
Education