Professional Documents
Culture Documents
# It proceeds in a
Question 02
Which of the following is not an example of a middle-range theory?
a) Labour process theory.
b) Contingency theory.
c) Strategic choice.
d) Structuration.
# Labour process
Question 03
Deductive research is where:
a) the researcher uses an existing theory to develop a hypothesis.
entities.
d) all of the above.
# the researcher
Question 04
Positivism is an epistemological position which:
a) means a researcher should approach data collection with enthusiasm.
# means a resear
Question 05
An interpretivist perspective on the issue of leadership suggests that:
a) 'good' leadership can be measured.
# 'good' leadersh
Question 06
Which of the following statements suggests an objectivist ontological position?
a) Social phenomena have an existence independent of social actors.
# Social phenome
Question 07
Constructionism is an ontological position which stresses:
a) the importance of quantifying social phenomena.
c) that the concept of masculinity is the same all over the world.
# the importance
Question 08
According to Burrell & Morgan (1979) which one of the following is not a paradigm
within business research methods?
a) Radical structuralist.
b) Radical positivist.
c) Functionalist.
d) Interpretative.
# Radical structur
Question 09
Quantitative research is:
a) more likely to take a deductive approach.
# more likely to ta
Question 10
Qualitative research:
a) cannot be combined with quantitative research.
_____________________________________________________-
Question 01
Internal validity relates to:
a) whether the measure really represents the concept under research.
variable.
#w hether the me
Question 02
According to Lincoln & Guba (1985) which of the following is not a way of assessing
the trustworthiness of qualitative research?
a) Dependability.
b) Accessibility.
c) Transferability.
d) Credibility.
#Dependability.#A
Question 03
Research questions are crucial because they will:
a) guide your decisions about what data to collect and from where.
Question 04
Which of the following is a threat to the internal validity of an experimental design?
a) Maturation.
#Maturation.#Inte
Question 05
A cross-sectional research design:
a) allows for data collection over a substantial period of time.
Question 06
Which of the following can be achieved by a longitudinal research design?
a) Mapping of change in an organization.
#Mapping of chan
Question 07
Which of the following types of cases is the most common within business and
management research?
a) Single organization.
b) A person.
c) Single event.
d) Single location.
#Single organizat
Question 08
Multiple case study design can be criticised because:
a) the researcher will collect too much data.
#the researcher w
Question 09
The 'Hawthorne Effect' refers to:
a) the impact of heat and light on worker productivity.
c) the researcher creating a bias in the data through participation in the research
situation.
d) the psychological effect of falling into a bush.
#the impact of he
Question 10
The typical form of a longitudinal research design using a qualitative strategy is:
a) qualitative content analysis of documents relating to one specific event.
c) ethnographic research.
Question 01
Which of the following requirements for a dissertation may depend on your institution?
a) Whether an abstract should be included.
#Whether an abs
Question 02
Which of the following is not a function of clearly identified research questions?
a) They guide your literature search.
Question 03
What did Marx (1997) mean when he suggested that 'opposition' can be a possible
source of research questions?
a) The researcher may feel that a theoretical perspective or piece of work is
the Bourgeoisie.
#The researcher
Question 04
The role of a project supervisor is to:
a) bully the student until they agree to conduct the study that the supervisor had in
Question 05
What is the name of the online database that allows you to browse through journal
articles about your research topic?
a) Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)
b) www.amazon.co.uk (ACU)
c) ABC/CONFORM
#Social Science C
Question 06
The purpose of a literature review is to:
a) help you find out what is already known about this area.
can be located.
d) all of the above.
Question 07
Which of the following should you think about when preparing your research?
a) Your sample frame and sampling strategy.
Question 08
Why is it helpful to keep a research diary or log book while you are conducting your
project?
a) To give you something to do in the early stages of your research when nothing is
happening.
b) Because funding councils generally demand to see written evidence that you
process.
d) It can be added to your dissertation to ensure that you reach the required word
limit.
#To give you som
Question 09
When writing up your research, which of the following should you not do?
a) Start early.
c) Be persuasive.
#Start early.#Avo
Question 10
Which of the following represents the correct order for these five main sections of a
dissertation?
a) Conclusion, Introduction, Methods, Literature Review, Results.
Question 01
What problem is associated with citing research such as that conducted by Dalton
(1959) or Milgram (1963) in discussions of ethical practices?
a) Their research was conducted too long ago to still be relevant.
c) Discussing their research implies that ethical concerns only reside in extreme
cases.
d) Discussing their research implies ethical concerns are specific to certain culture.
#Their research w
Question 02
What is the difference between a universalist and a situationist approach to research
ethics?
a) A universalist suggests ethical principles should never be broken, whereas a
whereas a situationist believes ethical principles are transgressed all the time in modern
society.
d) A universalist believes that ethical transgression is acceptable as long as the end
Question 03
Following Diener & Crandall (1978) which of the following is not an issue relating to
ethical principles in business research?
a) Whether there is a lack of informed consent.
#Whether there is
Question 04
Milgram's (1963) experiments harmed participants by:
a) failing to compensate them for their involvement.
#failing to compen
Question 05
What should the business researcher be aware of when signing a confidentiality
agreement?
a) Any clause which limits the length of a questionnaire.
b) Any clause which allows the company to comment on findings that will be
published.
c) Any clause which increases the level of access for the researcher.
#Any clause w hi
Question 06
What difficulties are there for the business researcher in ensuring the informed consent
of the participants?
a) It is a time consuming process.
Question 07
What particular challenge do ethnographers face in obtaining the informed consent of
all research participants?
a) Ethnography involves covert observation so informed consent cannot be
obtained.
b) Informed consent will limit the ethnographer's ability to see participants acting
naturally.
c) The ethnographer themselves does not know what their research is about.
d) The wide spectrum of people the ethnographer comes into contact with means
Question 08
Which of the following questions might invade the privacy of a research participant?
a) How long have you worked for this organisation?
Question 09
Which of the following is an example of deception in business research?
a) The obtaining of company material without permission.
#The obtaining of
Question 10
What problem does a research organization face when drawing up an ethical code?
a) Identifying relevant legislation that should guide behaviour.
Question 01
Which of the following is not a concept?
a) Leadership.
b) IQ.
Question 02
The advantages of using multiple-indicator measures are that:
a) they offset the effects of misclassification.
c) they reduce the range of aspects of the concept that the researcher can access.
Question 03
What is the difference between reliability and validity?
a) Reliability relates to the consistency of respondents, whereas validity relates to
consistency of respondents.
c) Reliability relates to the suitability of an indicator, whereas validity relates to the
consistency of measures.
d) Reliability relates to the consistency of measures, whereas validity relates to the
suitability of an indicator.
#Reliability relates
Question 04
Which of the following statements relates to concurrent validity?
a) The measure apparently reflects the content of the concept in question.
Question 05
In the statement 'an examination of the effects of discretionary behaviour on employee
performance' employee performance is the:
a) Independent variable.
b) Dependent variable.
c) Extraneous variable.
d) Causal variable.
#Independent var
Question 06
Quantitative researcher's preoccupation with generalization is an attempt to:
a) develop the lawlike findings of the natural sciences.
Question 07
In order to achieve replication quantitative researchers should:
a) dress the same.
Question 08
The critique of the accuracy of quantitative research includes which of the following?
a) Respondents are not individually selected.
researcher.
c) Respondents do not interpret key terms in the same way.
#Respondents ar
Question 09
The term 'reverse operationism' means that measures:
a) are designed that lead to the developments of concepts.
Question 10
Procedures determining what two issues are rarely used in quantitative research?
a) Objectivity and subjectivity.
Question 01
What is a sampling frame?
a) The report of a pilot study.
d) The listing of all units in the population from which the sample will be selected.
#The report of a p
Question 02
How will a researcher usually prevent a significant sampling error?
a) Interview all respondents in advance.
Question 03
If an organisation has 12,000 employees and the researcher is able to interview 250
the probability of inclusion in the sample is?
a) 1 in 96.
b) 1 in 20.
c) 1 in 48.
d) 1 in 250.
#1 in 96.#1 in 20.
Question 04
If a researcher wishes to obtain a nationally representative sample of trade union
members but does not have the resources to travel long distances what method of
sampling could they use?
a) Stratified random sampling.
d) Snowball sampling.
#Stratified random
Question 05
Which of the following is not something a researcher will have to consider when
thinking about their sample size?
a) Time and cost.
b) Non-response.
c) Length of questionnaire.
d) Heterogeneity of population.
Question 06
Which of the following is an example of convenience sampling?
a) A stratified random sample of CEO's drawn from the top 100 UK companies.
b) A random sample of employees who are absent from work through stress.
researcher.
d) Illegal workers.
#A stratified rand
Question 07
Which of the following is not a benefit of snowball sampling?
a) It can be used when there is difficulty in creating a sampling frame.
Question 08
Quota sampling is used intensively in which type of research?
a) Market research.
b) Experimental research.
c) Action research.
d) Ethnographic research.
#Market research
Question 09
The findings from a study of decision making processes within a UK financial services
company can be generalized to:
a) decision making processes in all financial services companies.
#decision making
Question 10
As part of survey research design the sample was selected by the HR manager. What
sort of error could this lead to?
a) Sampling error.
Question 01
What is the benefit of standardizing the asking of questions?
a) Each interview will last for exactly the same length of time.
c) Answer variation will be 'true' and not due to the interview context.
d) The interviewer can predict the answers that the interviewee will give.
#Each interview w
Question 02
A closed question means:
a) the respondent is given a limited choice of possible answers.
#the respondent
Question 03
Which of the following is not a disadvantage of telephone interviewing?
a) The telephone interviewer cannot use visual aids.
#The telephone in
Question 04
Which of the following issues should not be mentioned in an introductory statement?
a) The information will be kept confidential.
#The information
Question 05
Which of the following questions should come at the start of a question section on
corporate social responsibility?
a) How strongly do you feel about corporate social responsibility?
#How strongly do
Question 06
The benefit of using a show card to prompt the interviewee is:
a) that the interviewee does not have to speak.
c) the interviewer does not have to read the same thing out on numerous occasions.
Question 07
Which of the following is an example of critical incident method?
a) Asking respondents to describe their response to different advertisements.
appraisal form.
c) Asking respondents to tell a story of an interaction they had with senior
management.
d) None of the above.
#Asking respond
Question 08
The repertory grid method is based on which theory?
a) Personal motivation theory.
#Personal motiva
Question 09
Which of the following is an example of acquiescence?
a) The interviewee answers in a way that they think is socially desirable.
#The interview ee
Question 10
Which of the following is not part of the feminist critique of structured interviewing?
a) All structured interviews are conducted with men.
relationship.
c) It gives the impression of exploitation.
respondents.
Question 01
Which of the following is not an advantage of the self-completion questionnaire over
the structured interview?
a) It is cheaper to administer.
b) It is quicker to administer.
#It is cheaper to a
Question 02
Which of the following are disadvantages of the self-completed questionnaire?
a) Inability to confirm who completed the questionnaire.
c) Inability to ask many questions that are not directly relevant to the respondent.
#Inability to confir
Question 03
Which of the following statements might assist response rates?
a) Please photocopy the questionnaire five times and pass on to your work
colleagues.
b) Please make sure that the questionnaire is completed with a fountain pen.
Question 04
What should the researcher do if they have achieved a low response rate?
a) Fill in some more questionnaires themselves.
Question 05
One of the following statements is correct.
a) A questionnaire should run to at least twenty pages.
b) The questions should have no spaces between them so that the whole
#A questionnaire
Question 06
Should closed answers be arranged:
a) horizontally.
b) vertically.
c) diagonally.
d) circuitously.
#horizontally.#ve
Question 07
Which of the following is likely to happen if clear instructions are not given as how the
respondent should answer the question?
a) Respondents may delete inappropriate answers rather than select appropriate
ones.
b) Respondents may choose only one answer when they need to choose as many
as apply.
c) Respondents may complete questions that are not relevant to them.
#Respondents ma
Question 08
Which of the following is not a major use of diaries in business research?
a) The diary as a method of data collection.
#The diary as a m
Question 09
Which of the following is not a suitable topic for research using a diary?
a) The amount of time managers spend on particular activities.
individual members.
d) The volume of female managers in the retail industry.
#The amount of ti
Question 10
Which of the following comments demonstrates a process of attrition on the part of a
diary respondent?
a) 'the researcher never checks that I am completing my diary correctly'.
c) 'I keep forgetting to include the number of phone calls I make each day'.
d) 'I have decided to use the diary to record all of my personal thoughts and
feelings'.
Question 01
Which of the following is an advantage of open questions?
a) They allow respondents to answer in their own terms.
Question 02
What is the difference between a closed question and an open question?
a) A closed question means that the chances of unreliable post-coding is small,
whereas an open question means that there is a possibility of data processing error.
b) A closed question allows for the researchers terminology to be used, whereas an
open question allows the respondent to use terms they are familiar with.
c) A closed question allows for easy processing, whereas coding an open question
#A closed questio
Question 03
Which of the following is an example of a question about normative standards and
values?
a) How many workers are employed at this plant?
d) Are you aware of the main features of the European Union Directive for informing
Question 04
If one of your research questions is 'what role do HR Departments play in
manufacturing companies?' which of the following questions should you include in your
questionnaire?
a) Does your organisation manufacture red cars or blue cars?
b) How much corporation tax did your organisation pay in the last financial year?
Question 05
Why is it important to avoid ambiguous terms when designing questions?
a) Respondents may not understand the question.
d) Respondents may have to ask for help when completing the questionnaire.
#Respondents ma
Question 06
Which of the following is a double-barrelled question?
a) How satisfied are you with the performance appraisal system?
b) How satisfied are you with investment levels in new and existing software
packages?
c) How satisfied are you with the organisations marketing strategy?
#How satisfied a
Question 07
Questions that include negatives should be avoided because:
a) The respondent may miss out the negative word.
b) The respondent may be unsure how to answer if the question includes a double
negative.
c) The respondent may be led by the question.
#The respondent
Question 08
Why is asking a vignette question about ethical behaviour beneficial?
a) Because it allows for an abstract discussion of ethical values.
b) Because it ensures that the respondent does not have to reflect on their own
ethicality.
c) Because it anchors the choice in a situation and prevents an unreflective reply.
#Because it allow
Question 09
Piloting questions is important because:
a) it enables the researcher to clear up any confusion.
Question 10
Which of the following is not an advantage of using existing questions?
a) They will have already been piloted for you.
b) You will be able to investigate any reliability and validity testing that has taken
place.
c) You will be able to claim your work is entirely original.
Question 01
Which of the following is not an example of a problem with using social survey
research to investigate behaviour?
a) Respondents tend to answer by giving the most socially desirable answer.
c) Respondents may not give an honest reply to what they see as a threatening
question.
d) Respondents may be unwilling to reveal information as they believe they are likely
to be identified.
#Respondents te
Question 02
What is structured observation?
a) The analysis of tall buildings.
b) A technique in which the researcher observes behaviour from one position in the
workplace.
c) A technique in which the researcher uses specific rules for behaviour observation.
#The analysis of
Question 03
In Mintzberg's (1973) study of managerial work, structured data were collected by
which method?
a) A mail record which described each piece of mail and the action taken to respond
to it.
b) A travel record which described the number of times a manager travelled between
regional offices.
c) A lunch record which described the time managers took for lunch breaks.
Question 04
When devising an observation schedule it is important that the observer:
a) has a clear focus about who or what they are observing.
Question 05
Which of the following is a strategy for observing the behaviour of a bank manager in a
structured fashion?
a) A daily observation of their morning briefing to the branch.
#A daily observa
Question 06
Following Martin & Bateson (1986) an observation of a specific individual for a set
period of time is an example of:
a) scan sampling.
b) focal sampling.
c) ad libitum sampling.
d) behaviour sampling.
#scan sampling.#
Question 07
The difference between inter-observer consistency and intra-observer consistency is:
a) inter-observer consistency refers to the degree to which different observers agree,
at identical times, whereas intra-observer consistency refers to the need for one
observer to observe only one behaviour.
c) inter-observer consistency refers to the practice of observers observing each
same behaviours, whereas intra-observer consistency refers to the degree that the
subjects demonstrate different behaviours.
#inter-observer c
Question 08
What is the benefit of a conducting a structured observation using a field stimulation?
a) It is an overtly ethical form of research.
#It is an overtly e
Question 09
Which issues can be observed more effectively during an organisational simulation
than in a 'real' organizational setting?
a) Time managers spend on customer complaints.
#Time managers
Question 10
A criticism of structured observation is that it:
a) neglects the context within which behaviour occurs.
Question 01
Which of the following questions can be answered using content analysis?
a) How do managers behave in the face of employment insecurity?
d) What are the most popular leisure activities amongst the over-50s?
#How do manage
Question 02
Which of the following is not a main characteristic of content analysis?
a) Quantification of the content of selected texts.
b) Systematic analysis.
c) Discursive deconstruction.
d) Objectivity.
#Quantification of
Question 03
What is the first stage of sampling when conducting a content analysis on media
reports?
a) Record all television news programmes for a week.
c) Assess the timescales within which you are going to select texts.
Question 04
What is the benefit of focussing a content analysis on specific words?
a) It enables the researcher to assess a text's grammatical sophistication.
b) It enables the researcher to measure the time taken to construct the text.
c) It enables the researcher to show which interpretative frameworks are used in the
text.
d) It enables the researcher to judge the future use of specific words in specific
contexts.
#It enables the re
Question 05
What is a coding schedule?
a) A form into which all the data relating to an item is entered.
b) A form ensuring that all of the different categories are mutually exclusive.
Question 06
What does a coding manual contain?
a) Information about the research questions.
b) Information about the research subjects.
d) Information about how many times the different coding categories are used in a
text.
#Information abou
Question 07
What must a researcher be aware of when using a term such as management in a
coding scheme?
a) Potential confusion because the term management can have different meanings.
b) Potential confusion because management does not form one single unit of
analysis.
c) Potential confusion because management has different meaning in different
languages.
d) All of the above.
#Potential confus
Question 08
Which of the following is an advantage of content analysis?
a) It is a very transparent form of research.
Question 09
Which of the following is true?
a) It is impossible to issue the same instructions to all coders.
some interpretation.
c) It is impossible to understand the social world by studying the mass media.
d) It is impossible to use content analysis to look at elite groups.
#It is impossible to
Question 10
Content analysis can be criticised because:
a) it is an obscure and opaque method.
important.
Question 01
What is secondary analysis?
a) Re-analysis of data to check for accuracy.
#Re-analysis of d
Question 02
What is the particular advantage of secondary analysis to business students?
a) It is less intellectually challenging.
Question 03
Why do many data sets used for secondary analysis contain high quality data?
a) Because the data is presented attractively.
#Because the da
Question 04
Which of the following types of analysis can be done using secondary analysis?
a) The analysis of specific subgroups.
b) Longitudinal analysis.
c) Cross-cultural analysis.
#The analysis of
Question 05
Which of the following is not a data set suitable for secondary analysis?
a) British Household Panel Survey.
#British Househo
Question 06
Which of the following applies to a meta-analysis?
a) The detailed analysis of one specific study.
Question 07
How does secondary analysis assist the business researcher's wider obligations?
a) By allowing them to conduct socially responsible research.
provided.
d) By assessing the accuracy of previous studies.
Question 08
Why might the size of some data sets actually be a limitation for the researcher?
a) They require extensive computer memory to access.
#They require ex
Question 09
Which of the following issues does not affect the reliability of official statistics on strike
action?
a) The location where the statistics are collated.
#The location w h
Question 10
Why is the use of official statistics an unobtrusive method?
a) Because research of this kind is only published in a select few journals.
b) Because analysis of official statistics rarely leads to change in the social world.
d) Because the researcher cannot address the issue of causality using official
statistics
Question 01
What is the difference between interval/ratio and ordinal variables?
a) The distance between categories is equal across the range of interval/ration data.
d) Ordinal variables have a fixed zero point, whereas interval/ratio variables do not.
#The distance be
Question 02
What is the difference between a bar chart and a histogram?
a) A histogram does not show the entire range of scores in a distribution.
#A histogram doe
Question 03
What is an outlier?
a) A type of variable that cannot be qualified.
#A type of variab
Question 04
What is the function of a contingency table in the context of bivariate analysis?
a) It shows the results you would expect to find by chance.
c) It compares the results you might get from various statistical tests.
Question 05
If there were a perfect positive correlation between two interval/ratio variables, the
Pearson's r test would give a correlation coefficient of:
a) -0.33
b) +1.
c) +0.88
d) -1.
#-0.33#+1.#+0.88
Question 06
What is the name of the test that is used to assess the relationship between two ordinal
variables?
a) Spearman's rho
b) Phi
c) Cramer's V
d) Chi Square
#Spearman's <em
Question 07
When might it be appropriate to conduct a multivariate analysis test?
a) If the relationship between two variables might be spurious.
Question 08
What is meant by a 'spurious' relationship between two variables?
a) One that is so ridiculously illogical it cannot possibly be true.
one.
d) One that produces a perfect negative correlation on a scatter diagram.
#One that is so ri
Question 09
A test of statistical significance indicates how confident the researcher is about:
a) the inter-coder reliability of their structured interview schedule.
#the inter-coder r
Question 10
Setting the p level at 0.01 increases the chances of making a:
a) type I error.
b) type II error.
Question 01
The term qualitative research can be criticised because:
a) it simplifies the differences between quantitative and qualitative research
strategies.
b) it can only be defined in terms of what quantitative research is not.
c) it does not acknowledge the variety of forms that the research strategy can
assume.
d) all of the above.
Question 02
What is the difference between the way quantitative and qualitative researchers use
existing theory?
a) Quantitative researchers identify theories to be tested in advance, whereas for
#Quantitative res
Question 03
What is the problem with using strict definitions of important concepts?
a) They prevent research from being truly objective.
concept.
d) They prevent a consistent approach being achieved with business research.
#They prevent re
Question 04
According to Guba and Lincoln (1994) how can a qualitative researcher achieve
transferability within the criteria of trustworthiness?
a) By conducting the same research in more than one location.
#By conducting th
Question 05
What benefit is there to using a qualitative research design to look at the issue of
women in management?
a) It is important to measure the number of women in management positions.
have.
c) It is important to find out what occupations women managers are most commonly
associated with.
d) It is important to understand how women managers describe themselves in
Question 06
Why do qualitative researchers place an emphasis on process?
a) In order to demonstrate how events and patterns unfold over time.
c) So that they can isolate which specific events are independent of all others.
Question 07
How might a qualitative researcher respond to the criticism that their research into IT
workers cannot be generalized to other settings?
a) 'I made every effort to ensure that my respondents were representative'.
b) 'I think that IT workers are the same regardless of where they work'.
d) 'Maybe your right, I'll need to survey all IT workers right away'
Question 08
Which of the following is not a contrast between quantitative and qualitative research?
a) Numbers vs. Words.
#Numbers vs. Wo
Question 09
What is distinctive about action research?
a) The emphasis that it places on the researcher constantly moving around the
research site.
b) Its aim of diagnosing and solving specific organisational problems.
#The emphasis th
Question 10
Why does qualitative feminist research have a particularly important role in business
and management research?
a) It can address the issue of exploitation within organisations.
perspective.
c) Qualitative research is associated more with feminine qualities.
d) All of the above.
Question 01
Why might qualitative researchers regard interviewing an attractive alternative to
participant observation?
a) It is easier to accommodate into the researchers personal life.
b) It gives a better insight into the day to day functioning of the research site.
#It is easier to ac
Question 02
Which of the following is a quality associated with qualitative interviewing as opposed
to quantitative interviewing?
a) Replicability.
b) Generalizability.
c) Flexibility.
d) Sustainability.
#Replicability.#Ge
Question 03
What is the difference between the types of answers that qualitative and quantitative
interviews look to generate?
a) Qualitative interviews aim to generate one word answers, whereas quantitative
Question 04
Which of the following researchers is conducting a semi-structured interview?
a) The researcher who has a schedule of fifty questions that they need answered by
the participant.
b) The researcher who has planned only one question in advance.
d) The researcher who has a guide which states some specific topics to be covered.
#The researcher
Question 05
Which of the following is not a specific challenge facing business researchers who wish
to conduct qualitative interviews?
a) Scheduling time with a senior manager.
#Scheduling time
Question 06
According to Kvale (1996) a successful interviewer is being sensitive when they:
a) relate what is said to what has been said.
#relate w hat is sa
Question 07
Why should a business researcher record and transcribe interviews?
a) It allows a more thorough examination of what the interviewee has said.
b) It allows the researcher to demonstrate their technical proficiency.
management.
d) It overcomes all possible ethical considerations.
Question 08
A practical tip for transcribing interviews is to:
a) get the respondent to do it.
Question 09
Which of the following is an example of a dilemma that might face feminist business
researchers conducting qualitative interviews with women?
a) What role to adopt when interviewing male managers?
Question 10
Why does qualitative interviewing have an advantage over participant observation
when it comes to longitudinal research?
a) Repeat interviews are easier to organise.
Question 01
Which of the following is not a characterization of the natural sciences?
a) The natural sciences are possessed with an epistemological unity.
b) The natural sciences are a complex area just like the social sciences.
Question 02
Qualitative research often adheres to a natural science model because:
a) it rejects all attempts to deduce theory in advance.
Question 03
In what way does quantitative research study meaning?
a) Through detailed description of context.
#Through detailed
Question 04
Why is it problematic to suggest that the choice of business research method reveals
ontological and epistemological assumptions?
a) Because business research should not be concerned with these issues.
Question 05
Quantitative research does not always adhere to a deductive model because:
a) Its findings frequently suggest new departures and theoretical contributions.
Question 06
Which method of data collection commonly associated with qualitative research can be
seen as artificial?
a) Ethnography.
b) Participant observation.
c) Semi-structured interview.
#Ethnography.#P
Question 07
What does Gephart (1988) mean by the term ethnostatistics?
a) The collection of statistical data using ethnographic methods.
#The collection of
Question 08
Which form of data analysis can be applied to ethnographic accounts to establish links
between in-depth accounts and statistical analysis?
a) Discourse analysis.
b) Content analysis.
c) Mulitvariate analysis.
d) Bivariate analysis.
#Discourse analy
Question 09
What is quasi-quantification?
a) Statistical analysis based upon synthetic data.
#Statistical analys
Question 10
What benefit is there to qualitative researchers in providing information on the
frequency of a particular perspective?
a) They are more likely to get published if they can report a high frequency.
b) It gives the reader a clear sense of the relative prevalence of the perspective.
Question 01
When writing up which of the following do quantitative researchers pay more attention
to?
a) Ontological concerns.
#Ontological conc
Question 02
What is an implication of peer review on writing journal articles?
a) It is likely the article will have been revised from its original form.
b) It means that the first draft can be a basic synopsis of the main arguments.
c) It means the article should cite those who will review it.
Question 03
What route do Coyle-Shaprio and Kessler (2000) follow in their theory and hypotheses
section?
a) Emphasis of inductive nature of research followed by tentative research
questions.
b) Statement of epistemological position followed by hypothesis identification.
#Emphasis of ind
Question 04
Which of the following is not a rhetorical strategy used in the writing up of quantitative
research?
a) The researcher surfaces in the text to demonstrate ingenuity in overcoming
obstacles.
b) Key figures in the field are not mentioned in order to differentiate research from
existing studies.
c) The researcher is removed from the text to give impression of objectivity.
#The researcher
Question 05
Why might an author use string references?
a) To denote the chronological development of the field of study.
Question 06
What is a common element of 'implications' sections in the writing up of business
research?
a) How the research relates to business students.
Question 07
The impact of postmodernism on the writing of business research has been:
a) to question the necessity of publishing findings.
Question 08
When writing up research, discussing the implications of chosen methods, values,
biases and decisions encountered during the research process is evidence of what?
a) Validity.
b) Reflexivity.
c) Constructivity.
d) Epistemology.
#Validity.#Reflexi
Question 09
Which of the following is not a type of ethnographic writing identified by Van Maanen
(1988)?
a) Humorous tales.
b) Confessional tales.
c) Impressionist tales.
d) Realist tales.
#Humorous tales.
Question 10
Interpretative omnipotence refers to a researcher:
a) writing accounts that are immune to criticism.