Introduction to Control System

• Control system is set of subsystems and plants, which

connected to control/regulate the output of system.
• Advantages of control system:
 Power amplification
 Remote control
 Convenient of input form
 Compensation for disturbances
• Eg: Fan Speed Regulation System, Elevator, Traffic light,
Automatic ON /OFF Street Light , Cooling Water, Washing
Machine
 Introduction to Control System

• General block diagram:

• Can be classified into:

 Open Loop Control System (OLCS)
 Close Loop Control System (CLCS)
 Definition of OLCS & CLCS
• OLCS – control action is independent of the desired output
signal.

 Eg: basic home appliance system (fan, toaster)

• CLCS – control action is depends on the desired output signal.

The output is controlled by sending a command signal
(sensor) to input.

 Eg: automatic controlling system (temperature control system)

 Comparison Between OLCS & CLCS

Exercise 1:
a) Define the control system. Give 2 examples of control that
are related to our life today.
b) Functionally, how do closed-loop systems differ from open-
loop systems?
 Definition of the Using Terms
• Input – Reference signal (R)
– Quantity/condition that is varied by controller to
affect the value of the output variable.
– Also called: desired value, manipulated value,
set point.
• Output – Controlled variable signal (C)
– Quantity/condition that is measured and
controlled by controller.
– Also called: actual value, measured value.
• Controller – Measure the value of controlled variable.
– Apply the input variable to the system to control/
correct the output value from a desired input
value.
 Definition of the Using Terms
• Actuator – Convert the control signal to a power signal.
• Plant – Set of machine parts functioning together to
perform a particular operation.
– Eg: mechanical device, heating furnace, chemical
reactor, spacecraft.
• Process – Continuing operation that consists of controlled
actions, directed toward a particular result.
– System or process to be controlled.
– Eg: chemical process, mechanical process.
• Sensor – Provide measurement of the output value.
• Error – Detect the difference between output value and
Detector input value and deduce the error.
 Examples of Controller Application in Control
System (ON/OFF, PID)
• Control system is set of subsystems and plants, which
connected to control/regulate the output of system.
• Advantages of control system:
 Power amplification
 Remote control
 Convenient of input form
 Compensation for disturbances
• Eg: Fan Speed Regulation System, Elevator, Traffic light,
Automatic ON /OFF Street Light , Cooling Water, Washing
Machine