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WELD DISCONTINUITY EVALUATION GAIDE

Internul Concavitv
ASME Section WII - Div I
Smoothly contoured concavity permitted ,f equal
reinforcementis provided (UW-35.d)

ASME 831.3
Shall not reduce the total thiclcnessof the joint,
including reinforcement to less than the thickness of
the thinner of the componentsbeingjoined. Totaljoint
thiclcnessincluding weld reinforcement) : t
(Table341.3.2)

API 1I04
Density of any area exceedingthe density of the
thinnestadjacentbasenrctal is unacceptable.(9.3.6.)

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WELD DISCONTINUITY EVALUATION GUIDE

Slug Inclusions
l i i
ASME Section WII - Div 1 100okRsdiosran' ,,
i',;!
t'n Material thickness Max. slag length
,l
ti
t*
<3/4" I/4"
,{ ur

",u
-"t*.
""4r 1"{ . 3/4" to 2 I/4" I/3 t
> 2 l/4" 3/4"
-
Max total Length t in I2t
(UW-S1.b.2 and b.3)

ASME Section WII - Div I Snot Radiosran' r


Max length of 2/3t
Max total length t in l2t of weld
Max width of 3/32" or I/3t
.(UW-52.c.2)
ASME 831.3 SevereCvclic Conditions
Max length I/3t
Max total length t in I2t of weld
Max width of 3/32" or I/3t (Thu lesser)
(Table34I .3.2)

ASME 831.3 Normal Fluid Service


Max length 2t
Max total length 4t in 6" ofweld
Max width of 1/8" or l/2t (The lesser)(Table341.3.2)

API 1IO4
Max width l/13", The total eccumulatedlength shall
not exceed8% of the weld length.Isolated inclusions
are not exceed2" in any continuous12"-fo,pipe 2
3/8" O.D. and larger. For pipe O.D. less than 2 3/8"
inclusionsare limited to 3 times the thinnestof the
pipes beingjoined (9.3.8)

t : Vf/allthiclcness

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WELD DISCONTINAITY EVALUATION GUIDE

SIae Inclusions
ASME Section WII - Div I 100% RadiogranhV
|i* ' : r-*-iir,:$r.r,:rq,,.r*11r:;!i;.;,.:ff1!;ti4
Material thiclcness Max. slag length
i @- , unf
* ' ',
t*@ <3/4" I/4"
\t r * "2
$o' .o' , : ,
,, ,,,i
:: 3/4,, to 2 I/4,, I/3 t
;,;-**"r,; ;;'rl,:'::,;;'-,,,..r*;',.',;4^*;J.ho**;"rs,::i;.!ii:;+ir"*:i*r:ro#i;;*'*r*ir*s+ririt:idii:i;t:ai))i
> 2I/4r, 3/4r,

Max total Length - t in I2t


(UW-51.b.2and b.3)

ASME Section WII - Div I S^ot Radiosra-' ',


Max length of 2/3t
Max total length t in I2t of weld
Max width of 3/32" or I/3t (UW-52.c.2)

ASME f.31.3 SevereCvclic Conditions


Max length 1/3t
Max total length t in I2t of weld
Max width of 3/32" or I/3t (Thu lesser)
(Table341.3.2)

ASME 831.3 Normal Fluid Service


Max length 2t
Max total length 4t in 6" ofweld
Max width of I/8" or I/2t (The lesser)
(Table341.3.2)

API 1104
Max width I/13", The total accumulatedlength shall
not exceedB% of the weld length.Isolated
inclusionsare not exceed2" in any continuousI2" for pipe 2 3/8" O.D. and larger. For
pipe O.D. less than 2 3/8" inclusions are limited to 3 times the thinnest of the pipes being
joined (9.3.8)

t: Wall thickness

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WELD DISCONTINUITY EVALUATION GUIDE

ExcessiveRoot Penetrution
ASME Section WII - Div 1
Material thiclcness Max Height
I/I6" to 3/32" r/32"
> 3/32" to 3/I6" t/16"
>3/l6" to I/2" 5/32"
> I/2" to I" 3/I6"
>I" to2" I /8"
>2" to 3" s/32"
>3" to 4" 7/32"
>5" 5/r6"
(uw-35,d)

ASME 831.3
Material thiclcness Max Height
< I/4" r/r6"
> I/4" to I/2" T/8"
>l/2" to I" 5/32"
Over I " 3/r6"
(Table34I .3.2)

API 1I 04
Not Covered

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WELD DISCONTINAITY EVALUATION GUIDE

fncom-' ' Fasion


'""/J":!:4t:','1':J:'/\'.:! - DiV I
I
:ja

t ' , , ' , : ,ASME SeCtiOn WII


l
:s
T::
'*1
4l' "" . :,,,,:,,. Ir{one
Allowed (UW-5l,b,l)
{.
'''{ *
f
f-
I
.tr $
,', * f, *1,
',
I f
.t
r
4'{.

\ s
.J
n ASME 831.3
!.r!"af ,t",*i;r;dj'*:#*tniA. ,,
#sl,':,,,,,.,,.,.,.,,!:inii:*i!jt:!t:i*1
I,{oneAllowed (Table341.3.2)

API 1104
Rootpass: Maximum l" length of 12" of weld or
9% of total weld length (9.3.4)
Sidewall of betweenbeads (cold-lop): Max length
per indication< 2", 2" in 12" of weld and
total length or any indications not to exceed80%
of total weld length (9.3.5)

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WELD DISCONTINUITY EVALUATION GUIDE

fncom^- ' Penetrution


ASME Section VIII - Div I
IVoneallowed (UW-SI,b,I)

f {i:,.,.
ASME 831.3 SevereCvclic Conditions
IVoneallowed (Table341.3.2)

ASME 831.3 Normal Fluid Service


Max depth of 1/32" or 20% of Wall Thiclcness,
whicheveris smaller. Max length of I I/2" in 6" of
weld. Ir{oneallowedfor long seams.
(Table34I .3.2)

API 1104
Max I" in 12" ofweld or Bo%of weld length if less
than 12" (9.3.1)
For inadequatecrosspenetration: Maximum of 2"
and cumulative2" in I2" of continuousweld (9.3.3)

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WELD DISCONTINAITY EVALUATION GUIDE

Incomplete Penetration Due to High-Low


ASME Section VIII - Div I
I{one allowed (UW-SI,b,l)

ASME 831.3
IVoneallowed (Table341.3.2)

API I1O4
Max individual length: l "
Max accumLtlatedlength of 3" in 12" of continuous
weld (9.3.2)

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WELD DISCONTINUITY EVALUATION GUIDE

Cracks
"'
+t 14:r:
rffi
{
t:.fi
::t':t
ASME Section VIII - Div I
I :t:':r$.
.t
"1 ::,:1
!::,:trrflhs
It{oneallowed (UW-SI,b,I)
iur 1 r.w
7 ' :ll.
1_, :
",a:lii
.,,,,.$ASME 831.3
IVoneallowed (Table341.3.2)

API I1O4
Shallow Crater crack or star crack not be
longer than 5/32". Shallow Crater crack or
star cracks are locatedat the stoppingpoint of
weld beadsand are result of weld metal
contractions during solidifi cation.
Cracks of any size or location in the weld are
not allowed

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WELD DISCONTINUITY EVALAATION GAIDE r0

Crucks
r"' Try1"7
't
ASME Section VIII - Div I
. !

.T :,.
:. : : x

*. 'j

,,
,!
' g : ,
s , :,,: .
f' .
,,
;'r"'*'
-
ft lt{oneallowed (UW-SI,b,l)
t.,,

. teitu
r"
: f
$
*t$,,,,1", '.' .
" s . '
lii':';
-Ji'tt :l'i,',':o;:'
.,,, I
-.";-,:..,:..,
ASME 831.3
I{one allowed (Table341.3.2)

API I1O4
Shallow Crater crack or star crack not be
longer than 5/32". Shallow Crater crack or
star cracksare locatedat the stoppingpoint of
weld beadsand are result of weld metal
contractionsduring sol idifi cation.
Cracks of any size or location in the weld are
not allowed

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WELD DISCONTINUITY EVALUATION GUIDE n

Crucks
, "4.""'= ii,''4rir$ras+h,:hv*':* ASME Section WII - Div I
..*'t i
x '*
.4,
*l
^ ,.'*
.I .i l{one allowed (UW-5I,b,I)
. l q

\ 'to ,.'n.'
, ! f
{ 1*I

.' .f I
,-{",-
.s
*J ASME 831.3
It{oneallowed (Table341.3.2)

API 1104
Shallow Crater crack or star crack not be longer
than 5/32". Shallow Crater crack or star cracks
are locatedat the stoppingpoint of weld beads
and are result of weld metal contractionsduring
solidification.
Cracks of any size or location in the weld are
not allowed

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TryE
LD DISCONTINUITY EVALUATION GAIDE t2

Misalignment

ASME Section WII - Div I


Mat. Thiclcness Long. Max. Circum. Max.
< I/2" I /4t I/4 t
> l/2" to 3/4" r/8" 1/4 t
>3/4" to I-1/2" r/8" 3/r6"
> I-I/2" to 2" r/8" I/B t
>2" Lesserof I/16 t or 3/8" I/Bt or 3/4"
(UW-33a)

ASME 831.3
Inside diametersof componentsat end to bejoined
must be aligned within engineeringdesignand
welding procedure ( WPS). (the lesser of I/4 t or
3/16" recommended).If the externalsurfacesof the
two componentsare not aligned, the weld shall be
taperedbetweenthe surfaces. (328.4.3)

API 1IO4
Theoffiet shouldnot exceedI/8"
Greater ffiet causedby dimensionalvariations
shall be equally distributed around the
circumferenceof thepipe. (7.2)

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WELDDISCONTINUITY EVALAATION GUIDE l3

TungstenInclusions
I I
{ ASME Section WII - Div I 100% Radioeraohv
d
is .{ Material thiclcness Max slag length
1 A

or, W , , l{* r
.\ * <3/4" I /4"
"\" ,nr
@
s':" '" "'""- 3/4" to 2 I/4" I/3 t
> 2 I/4" 3/4"
:
Max total Length t in I2t
(rW-S1.b.2and b.3)

ASME Section WII - Div I Sn 'Radioeraohv


Max length of 2/3t
Max total length t in I2t of weld
Max width of 3/32" or 1/3t (UW-52.c.2)

ASME /.31.3 SevereCvclic Conditions


Max length 1/3t
Max total length t in I2t of weld
Max width of 3/32" or I/3t (Thelesser)
(Table341.3.2)

ASME 831.3 Normal Fluid Service


Max length 2t
Max total length 4t in 6" of weld
Max width of I/8" or I/2t (Thelesser)
(Table341.3.2)

API 1IO4
Max width l/l3", The total accumulatedlength
shall not exceed8% of the weld length.Isolated
inclusionsare not exceed2" in any continuous12"
"forpipe 2 3/8" O.D. and larger. For pipe O.D. less
than 2 3/8" inclusionsare limited to 3 timesthe thinnestof thepipes beingjoined (9.3.8)

t : Wall thiclcness

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WELD DISCONTINUITY EVALAATION GUIDE 14

PorosiU
|-'",-"
Maximum sizefor any indication shall be the
,lfl
"' *{ lesserof 1/4t or 5/32". Isolated indications
-t- /
'i,

"
Ju .' separatedby at least l" is the lesserof I/3t or
I/4". For t >2" Themaximumacceptablesize is
: . n:*"*-.,', ***' ^"=-wd**i'*i*'e*
,',,*-,- *'' ',:1,
, *.""
3/8" (Appendix 4)

ASME Section WII - Div 1. Soot Radioera-bv


Roundedindicationsare not a factor in the
acceptabilityof welds if that welds not required
to befully radiographed.
(UW-52,(c),(3))

ASME 831.3 SevereCvclic Conditions


Maximum sizefor any indication shall be the
lesserof 1/4t or 5/32". Isolated indications
separatedby at least I" is the lesserof I/3t or
l/4". For t >2" Themaximumacceptablesize is
3/8". Not surfaceporosiQ allowed.

ASME 831.3 Normal Fluid Service


For t < l/4", requirementsare the sqmeasfor
severecyclic conditions. For t > I/4"
requirementsare 1.5 times thosefor severecyclic
conditions. Not surfaceporosiQ allowed.

API 1104
Max dimensionl/8" or 25% of weld thiclcness,
whicheveris smaller, (9.3.9.2) Cluster: Max
area of I/2" diameter.Max individual pore S l/16". Max 1/2'lmgth in 12" ofweld.
(9.3.9.3) Hollow bead:Max length l/2'. Max 2" length in 12" ofweldwith individual
discontinuities exceeding I/4" in length separated by at least 2". The total accumulated
length shall not exceed80%ofweld length (9.3.9.4)

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WELD DISCONTINUITY EVALAATION GUIDE l5

Externul Concavitv
ASME Section WII - Div I
Smoothly contoured concavity permitted if equal
reinforcementis provided (UW-35.d)

ASME '.31.3
Shall not reduce the total thiclcnessof the joint,
including reinforcementto less than the thiclcnessof
the thinner of the components being joined. Total
joint thiclcnessincluding weld reinforcement) - t
(Table34I .3.2)

API I1O4
DensiQ of any area exceedingthe density of the
thinnestadjacentbasemetal is unacceptable.(9.3.6.)

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WELD DISCONTINAITY EVALUATION GUIDE t6

Burn - Through
ASME Section WII - Div I
Ir{ot Covered. see (Jndercut

ASME 831.3
It{otcovered,seeIncompletepenetration

API 1IO4
Maximum dimensionshall not exceedI/4" or
the thinnestof thepipe wall thiclcnessbeing
joined. Ir,lot
film densiQ exceedthat of
thinnestadjacentbasematerial. Total of
maximumdimensionsin 12" of weld shall not
exceedI/2"
(e.3.7.2)

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WELD DISCONTINUITY EVALUATION GUIDE I7

(Jndercut- Ca- Puss


,
ASME Section WII - Div I
:er.::,,r: :r.:*ras
li.:r:s l,:$lki+1

'* -, 't -t.


t"
I
, f
. '
r€

, ,' *' Theweld must befree of coarseripples,grooves,


.s"
r*
'td
'
,
.

d
S '
f :,
::
over laps, abrupt ridges or valleys. Ary thiclcness
\ j
{1.,:,
reduction due to welding shall not exceedthe lesser
of I/32" or I0% of adjoining wall thicl*tess.
(UW-3s(a) and (b)(1) and (2))

ASME 831.3 SevereCvclic Conditions


I{ot allowed (Table341.3.2)

ASME 831.3 Normal Fluid Service


Max Depth of I/32" or 25% of wall Thiclwtess,
whicheveris smaller, lVot allowed longitudinal butt
joints. (Table341.3.2)

API 1104
Total length of undercutshall not exceed2" in I2"
of weld.
The total accumulationsshall not exceedI/6 of the
weld length (9.3.1I)
For mechanicalmeasurementwhen is available
Depth > 1/32" o ) 12.5%of wall thiclcness,
whicheveris smaller, the undercutis not allowed.
Depth > I/64" or between6% and 12.5%of wall
thiclcnesswhicheveris smaller, length: 2" I any
continuousI2" weld length or l/6 the weld length,
whicheveris smaller.
Depth -< l/64" or -< 6?5of pipe wall thiclcness
whicheveris smaller, the undercutis acceptable,
regardless of length (9.7. 1)

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WELD DISCONTINAITY EVALUATION GUIDE l8

Porositv
ASME Section WII - Div I 100%
Radiography
Maximum sizefor any indication shall be the
lesserof I/4t or 5/32". Isolated indications
separatedby at least I" is the lesserof 1/3t or
I/4". For t >2" The maximumacceptablesize
is 3/8" (Appendix 4)

ASME Section WII - Div I S'ot Radiosra^' "


Roundedindications are not a factor in the
acceptabilityof welds if that welds not
required to befully radiographed.
(rJW-52,(c),(3))

ASME 831.3 SevereCvclic Conditions


Maximum sizefor any indication shall be the
lesserof 1/4t or 5/32". Isolated indications
separatedby at least l" is the lesserof I/3t or
l/4". For t >2" The maximumacceptablesize
is 3/8". Not surfaceporosiQ allowed.
(Table341.3.2)

ASME 831.3 Normal Fluid Service


For t < I/4", requirementsare the sameasfor
severecyclic conditions. For t > I/4"
requirementsare 1.5 timesthosefor severe
cyclic conditions. ll/ot surfaceporosity
allowed. (Table341.3.2)

API 1104
Max dimensionI/8" or 25o%of weld thiclcness, whicheveris smaller, (9.3.9.2) Cluster:
Max area of 1/2" diameter. Max individual pore 3 I/16".
Max I/2" length in 12" ofweld. (9.3.9.3)
Hollow bead: Max length 1/2". Max 2" length in l2" ofweldwith individual
discontinuities exceeding 1/4" in length separated by at least 2".
Thetotal accumulatedlength shall not exceed8% of weld length (9.3.9.4)

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WELD DISCONTINAITY EVALAATION GAIDE t9

Undercut- Root Pass


ASME Section VIII - Div I
The weld must befree of coarseripples, grooves,
over laps, abrupt ridges or valleys. Any thiclcness
reduction due to welding shall not exceedthe lesser
of I/32" or I0% of adjoining wall thiclcness.
(UW-3s(a) and (b)(t) and (2))

ASME 831.3 SevereCvclic Conditions


It{otallowed (Table341.3.2)

ASME 831.3 Normal Fluid Service


Max Depth of 1/32" or 25% of wall Thickness,
whichever is smaller, Not allowed longitudinal butt
joints. (Table341.3.2)

API 1104
Total length of undercutshall not exceed2" in 12"
of weld.
The total eccumulationsshall not exceedI/6 of the
weld length (9.3.I I)
For mechanicalmeasurementwhen is available
Depth > I/32" o ) 12.5%of wall thiclcness,
whichever is smaller, the undercutis not allowed.
Depth > I/64" or between6% and I2.5% of wall
thiclcnesswhicheveris smaller, length: 2" I any
continuousI2" weld length or I/6 the weld length,
whichever is smaller.
Depth :< I/64" or -< 60%of pipe wall thiclcness
whicheveris smaller, the undercutis acceptable,
regardlessof length. (9.7.I)

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WELD DISCONTINUITY EVALUATION GUIDE

Porositv
tryTTtTYtffiryryrys
[
: .
' ' ' .
. , ' l
ASME Section VIII - Div I 100% Radioera-hv
Maximum sizefor any indication shall be the
lesserof 1/4t or 5/32". Isolated indications
separatedby at least l" is the lesserof 1/3t or
I/4". For t >2"
The maximumacceptablesize is 3/8"
(Appendix 4)

ASME Section WII - Div I S-ot Rodioeraphv


Roundedindicationsare not a factor in the
acceptability of welds if that welds not required to
befully radiographed.
(UW-52,(r),(3))

ASME 831.3 SevereCvclic Conditions


Maximum sizefor any indication shall be the
lesserof I/4t or 5/32". Isolqted indications
separatedby at least I" is the lesserof I/3t or
I/4". For t >2" Themaximumacceptablesize is
3/8". Itlot surfoceporosiQ allowed.
(Table341.3.2)

ASME 831.3 Normol Fluid Service


For t < I/4", reqltirementsare the sameasfor
severecyclic conditions. For t > I/4"
requirementsare 1.5 times thosefor severecycltc
conditions. Not surfaceporosity allowed.
(Table341.3.2)

API I1O4
Max dimensionI/8" or 250%of weld thickness,whichever is smaller, (9.3.9.2) Cluster:
Max area of 1/2" diameter. Mm individual pore S I/16".
Max I/2" length in 12" ofweld. (9.3.9.3)
Hollow bead: Max length I/2". Mm 2u length in I2" ofweldwith individual
discontinuities exceeding1/4" in lmgth separated by at least 2".
The total accumulatedlength shall not exceed8% ofweld length (9.3.9.4)

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