Transmission & Distribution Considerations

For Distributed Generation

Naren Pattani,
Manager, Transmission & Connection Planning
January 22, 2009
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Overview

• Providing Dynamic Voltage Support Requirements

• Enabling Transformer Stations (TS) or Upgrade of
Existing TSs
• Addressing Short Circuit Limitations
• Additional Enabling Transmission & Distribution
• Providing Network Bulk Transmission

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 Need & Cost of Dynamic Voltage Support
Examples of MVAR Requirements1

TS Name
# of DG Total DG MVAR Required • For Reverse Power Flow > 10MW,
Projects MW + MX - MX
each 1 MW of all reverse flow
Picton 4 51.9 9.2 6.3
requires +0.484/- 0.329 MVAR
Manitoulin (T3) 4 26.1 10.3 7.0
Manitoulin (T4) 3 26.0 10.3 7.0
Dynamic Voltage Support
Longueuil 3 30.0 6.9 4.7
• Several disadvantages with
Orangeville (T1/2) 4 34 6.6 4.5
Orangeville (T3/4 ) 7 57.4 11.2 7.6
relatively small, individually sized
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Source: IESO CAA ID 2007-269
equipment for dynamic support:
Estimated Cost of SVCs
– High cost due to lack of
Cost* Unit Cost
economy of scale
Static VAR Compensator (SVC)
($ M ) ($K / MVAR ) – Each proponent has to plan
230 kV, + 300 / - 100 MVAR
( Excludes Coupling Transformer )
37.8 94.5 and commit SVCs
115 kV, + 200 / - 25 MVAR 31.7 141 – System Operator needs
13.8 kV, + 60 / - 40 MVAR 14.2 142 oversight in real time about
Low Voltage, + 2 / -2 MVAR 10 250 status of control
*Installed cost, excluding contingency and overloads. 3
 Proposal for Integrated Planning for SVC
Illustration of SVC Requirements / DG MW
Based on Integrated Planning

Enables
• Hydro One & IESO can determine
Zone SVC MVAR
DG ( MW ) zone-based, optimum SVC size and
SW Ontario 2 * +300 / -200 1,500 MW
location to connect to TX
Central 1 * + 300 / - 200 750 MW
– On the basis of all eligible CIA
East 1 * + 300 / -200 750 MW applications and supply forecasts
North East 1* + 200 / -150 500 MW from OPA’s IPSP Update
North West 1* +200 / -150 500 MW

• Planning effort has been initiated

• Decision on committing the SVC
investment based on cost recovery
understanding
• Need to address method of allocating
enabled capacity for DG 4
Summary of DG Applications

Estimate of DGs Requiring Dynamic Voltage Support

(Based on Applications As of December 2008)
DG (MW) By Ontario Zone
Description
SWO CO EO NWO NEO TOTAL

(i) Theoretical Maximum of Total DG Not Requiring SIA /

2137 1070 977 299 306 4789
DVAR (Perfect Dispersion - Reverse Flow By TS < 10 MW)

(ii) Eligible Projects NOT Requiring SIA / DVAR

1214 643 634 90 156 2737
(Applied & Eligible DGs - Reverse Flow < 10 MW)

(iii) Eligible Projects Requiring SIA / DVAR

965 575 473 20 256 2289
(Applied & Eligible DGs - Reverse Flow > 10 MW)

(iv) Total Applied & Eligible Projects ((ii) + (iii)) 2179 1218 1107 110 412 5026

(v) Projects Requiring DVAR (Subset of (iv); more than (iii))

1207 646 592 22 276 2743
(All Reverse Power, if Reverse Power > 10 MW)

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 Enabling Transformer Stations
• Back-feed limitation constrains DGs at
some existing stations
TX Line • Where economical, transformers can
Existing TS
be replaced with large size
LOAD
- Outage constraints and space
requirements may make costs high
• In some locations planning new
Transformer can be upgraded enabling TS may be more appropriate
if necessary / possible (generation and load on different TS)
• In view of specific (dedicated) nature
of investments, need to address:
Enabling TS
– Method of allocating capacity
– Planning assumptions to use to
trigger investments
– Risk of stranding
– Cost responsibility 6
Short Circuit Limitations

• Outside GTA, five stations currently constrain DG due to

short circuit rating of the low voltage switchgear rating
o Jarvis TS , Caledonia TS, Port Arthur TS #1, Kingsville TS and
Belleville TS
o Alternatives are to upgrade station equipment or to establish new
transmission stations if many DGs are proposed in the vicinity
o Need to decide on signal to trigger the investments, and the
methods of allocating capacity and cost

• Leaside TS, Manby TS and Hearst TS in Toronto limit DG

due to short circuit rating of switchgear
o Equipments at these stations near end of life hence replacement
can be advanced without significant penalty
o Hydro One expediting project development work
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TX and DX Connections to Enable DG

• Planning & construction of facilities relatively simple

• In view of specific (dedicated) nature of investments,
some high level critical issues need to be addressed
o Appropriate signal to trigger line projects
o Expediting project approval to match relatively shorter
timeline of placing DGs in-service
o Allocation of enabled capacity
o Cost responsibility
o Risk of stranding if DG does not materialize

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Network Enhancements Underway

Increase in TX
Estimated
Project Name Capability I/S Date
Cost
(MW)
Bruce x Milton 500 kV and
3,100 MW Dec. 2011 $ 1,000 M
SVCs in SWO
Enhance N-S Transfer 800 MW Dec. 2010 $ 325 M
Cherrywood x Claireville
1,250 MW Dec. 2010 $ 125 M
500 kV Circuits’ Unbundling
Hydro Quebec Intertie ( Incl. in above ) Apr. 2009 $ 125 M
Total 5,150 MW $ 1,550 M

• Bulk transfer capacity increases from 1,500 MW to about 6,650

MW (including 1,500 MW for refurbished Bruce units)
• Up to 2,500 MW can be the eligible DG from Connection
Impact Assessment queue, depending on spread / location
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Potential Short Term Enhancements
Increase in TX
Conceptual
Project Name Capability
Cost
(MW)
Enables Reverse Power
3 SVCs at TSs to Support DGs $ 200 M
Flow at TS
Targeted P&C Enhancements Enables DG in DX $ 90 M

Targeted DX Enhancements Enables DG in DX $ 90 M

Re-conductor / Uprate Existing
1,400 MW $ 250 M
Circuits SWO / East
Niagara Reinforcement Project
800 MW Nearly Built
Resolution
Total 2,200 MW $ 630 M

• Bulk transfer capacity increases by 2,200 MW to about 8,850 MW

• About 3,000 to 4,500 MW of DG can be incorporated, depending on
spread/location and MWs of new TX-Connected Gens
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 Potential Medium Term Enhancements
Increase in TX
Conceptual
Project Name Capability
Cost
(MW)
Enables Reverse
Additional 6 SVCs to Support DGs $ 400 M
Power Flow at TS
P & C Infrastructure Upgrade Enables DG in DX $180 M
DX System Upgrade and Enabling TSs Enables DG in DX $ 300 M
Additional TX Enablers for Renewables Connects GSs $ 800 M
Additional Voltage Compensation in SWO
1,500 MW $ 250 M
for Increasing TX Transfer Capability
Minor TX Reinforcements West of London Included in Above $ 200 M
Toronto Stations Upgrades for DG 250 MW $ 200 M
Partial Replacement of Nanticoke MWs 1,250 MW $ 150 M
Total 3,050 MW $ 2,480 M

• Bulk transfer capacity increases by 3,050 to about 12,900 MW, of which up to about 8,000
MW can be DG , depending on spread/location and MWs of new TX-Connected Gens
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Potential Long Term Enhancements
• Patricia District Transmission Reinforcement in
Northwest Ontario
• Major North – South Transmission Reinforcement
o Sudbury to GTA
o Pinard to Sudbury
o Sault St. Marie to Sudbury
o East – West Tie (series compensation and/or major line)
• Major Transmission Reinforcement in South
o Bowmanville x Cherrywood
o West of London
¾ Provides adequate reliability to loads in Northwest Ontario, and
enables Renewables in north, development of Darlington B GS
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Thank You / Questions

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