The SINGLE PHASING PREVENTER consists of the following blocks

1. POWER CIRCUIT

Basically it consists of step down Transformer, 4 Diodes, Shunt Resistance, Zener

Diode and Filter capacitor. During the positive half cycle of Secondary voltage Vi,
the diodes D2 and D3 are forward biased and conduct the current through load
resistance.
Whereas D1 and D4 are reverse biased and are in off state. It may be observed
that D2, R1 and D3 are in series. During the Negative half cycle of secondary
voltage Vi the current will appears diodes D1, D4 are forward biased and D2, D3
are reversed biased. Therefore the forward biased diode conducts the current
through load resistance. The most important result is that the polarity across the
load resistance R1 is same i.e. current flowing through R1 is same direction.
In this circuit the Zener diode reverse biased p-n junction and operates only in
break down region. Sometimes called as voltage regulator diode because it
maintains a fairly constant output voltage during reverse biased operation.

2. COMPARATOR

An op-amp used as a COMPARATOR. A fixed reference voltage Vref of 1V is

applied to the (pin-3) (-) input and the other varying signal Vin is applied to the
(pin-2) (+) input. Because of this arrangement the circuit is called the non-
inverting Comparator.
When Vin is less than Vref , the output voltage Vo is at +Vsat because the voltage at
the (-) input is higher than that at the (+) input. On the other hand, when Vin is
greater than Vref, the (+) input becomes positive with respect to the (-) input and
Vo goes to +Vsat.
Thus, Vo changes from one saturation level to another. The Comparator is a type
of analog-to-digital converter. At any given time the Vo wave form shows whether
Vin is greater or less than V ref.

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 3. TRIPPING CIRCUIT

It consists of one n-p-n transistor, diode and relay. The comparator output (pin-6)
is connected to base of BD 115 and collector is connected to voltage source. Relay
and diode are connected in between emitter (BD 115) and ground (-ve) supply.
Transistor BD 115 is used as emitter follower.
In a three phase supply the voltage is 120 degrees apart from each other. Thus the
addition of three phases gives zero voltage. If anyone of the phases goes off
voltage present at the summing point equals half the line voltage.
In this circuit the three phases (R,Y, B) are connected to the line neutral, which in
turn is connected to the ground of the circuit. When all three phases are present,
voltage at point ‘D’ is zero. When phase goes out, voltage at point D goes up to
about half the line voltage. This voltage is divided by 150K and 50K resistors. The
voltage at point B is about 8V when 50K potentiometer is properly adjusted.
The voltage at point 6 is operating condition, so relay will operates when any one
of the phases goes out. This Relay when used in the control circuit of the three
phase motor, or with a circuit breaker will switch the power off on operation.

STARTER

COMPA TRIPP-
POWER
RATOR ING
CKT CKT CKT
MOTOR

Figure 1.15: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SINGLE PHASING

PREVENTER

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 P
Xmer D1 TO D4
N D1 D2 D3 D4 1N 4007

+12V

12.1 1000mfd
ZENER 25V

R
150k
10K
BY 127
3 7
Y
150k 150k 1K _
D B LM 6
741
1K +
B
150k 2 4

50K 3.8K
B
32mfd
15v E

1N 4148

Relay

Figure 1.16: CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF SINGLE PHASING

PREVENTER

SINGLE PHASING PREVENTION OF A 3-Ø IM

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 R

FUSE

OFF

OLR

SPP

HOLDING
ON
COIL

CONTACTOR

LINK
FUSE

Figure 1.17: SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM FOR SINGLE

PHASING PREVENTER

SINGLE PHASING PREVENTION OF A 3-Ø IM

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Future Scope of Single Phasing Preventer

In this age of exploding population, the demand for power has increased manifold,
add to that the depleting natural resources of energy. The majority of equipments used
are outdated in this regard. What we want is the Optimum use of energy i.e nothing
should go wasted. The devices & equipments used should be designed to avail a free
flow of energy.
The three-phase induction motors come to use in everyday life, as well as in
industries. The phenomenon of Single Phasing causes a haphazard, the whole of the
system may blow away in seconds, the huge capital invested is gone and we need to
protect our devices & system from any such mishappenings, so the concept of Single
Phasing Preventer comes into the picture. It is not long before its utility was being
questioned, but now it has proved it worth.
Today all the major industries and Distribution Systems of the world are using the
Single Phasing Preventer, its scope is limited, but more efforts being put in its R&D
by the leading economies of the world, including ours would certainly pave its way
into many Naïve sectors which uptill now have not been explored in this case, these
areas include its use along with the Thermal Relays in industries, along with
irrigational pumps in farms, tube wells and many more.

SINGLE PHASING PREVENTION OF A 3-Ø IM

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CONCLUSION
The rule of electricity in modern technology is that of an extremely versatile

intermediately. The chief advantage of this energy is that it can be transmitted,

controlled and utilized with relative simplicity, reliability and efficiency.

The primary objective of presenting this project named “DESIGN AND

FABRICATION OF SINGLE PHASE PREVENTER” is to protect the 3-phase

induction motor against single phasing.

This is designed as per our above mentioned requirements. This project states clearly

how it is functioning. In addition to that we discussed about the faults and remedies of

the circuit also.

Every care has been taken to design this project and we expect that this project is very

useful for avoiding single phasing problem for A.C. 3-phase induction motors and

saves the equipment from being damaged.

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 REFERENCES

i. www.msbte.com

ii. www.ieeexplore.ieee.org

iii. www.areva-td.com

iv. www.power.indiabizclub.com

v. www.protonelectronic.com

vi. www.itee.uq.edu.au

vii. www.progress-energy.com

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