.State any two methods of cooling turbo alternators. 2.

Distinguish between continuous rating and short time rating of an electrical machine. 3. State the relationship between number of armature coils and number of commutator segments in a d.c. machine. 4. State different losses in a d.c. generator. 5. What are the different losses in a transformer? 6. State merits of three phase transformers over single phase transformers. 7. State the main constructional differences between cage induction motor and slip-ring induction motor. 8. What are the different losses in an induction motor? 9. State merits of computer aided design of an electrical machine. 10. What are the constructional differences between salient pole type alternator and cylindrical rotor type alternator? PART B (5 x 16 = 80) 11(a) A limited steel tooth of armature of a d.c. machine is 30 mm long and has a taper such that the maximum width is 1.4 times the minimum.Estimate the mmf required for a mean flux density of 1.9 wb/m2 in the tooth .B-H characteristics of steel is given below: Bwb/m2 1.6 HA/m 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3

3,700 10,000 17,000 27,000 41,000 70,000 1,09,000

(or) (b) Determine the apparent flux density in the teeth of a d.c. machine when the real flux density is 2.15 web/m2.Slot potch is 28 mm, slot width is 10 mm and the gross core length 0.35 metre.The number of ventilating ducts is 4.Each duct is 10 mm wide.The magnetising force for a flux density of 2.15 wb/m2 is 55000 H/m.The iron stacking factor is 0.9.(16) 12. (a) (i) Derive output equation of d.c. machine and point out its salient features.(8) (ii) State and explain the factors which govern the choice of specific magnetic loading in a dc machine.(8) (or) (b) A 5 kW,250 volts, 4 Pole,1500 rpm dc shunt generator is designed to have a square pole face.The average magnetic flux density in the air gap is 0.42 web/m2 and ampere conductors per

metre =15,000.Compute the main dimensions of the machine.Assume full load efficiency=87 percent.The ration of pole arc to pole pitch=0.66. (16) 13 (a) Determine the dimensions of core and yoke for a 200 KVA,50Hz single phase core type transformer.A cruciform core is used with distance between adjacent limbs equal to 1.6 times the width of core lamination.Assume voltage per turn of 14 volts,maximum flux density of 1.1 web/m2,window space factor of 0.32, current density of 3 A/mm2 and stacking factor equal to 0.9.The net iron area is 0.56 d2 where d is diameter of circumscribing circle.Width of the largest staming is 0.85 d(16) (or) (b) A 250 KVA 6600/400 volts,3-phase core type transformer has a total loss of 4800 watts at full load.The transformer tank is 1.25 meter in height and 1 m 0.5m in plan.Design a suitable scheme of tubes if the average temperature rise is to be limited to 35C.The diameter of each tube is 50 mm and the tubes are spaced 75 mm from each other.The average height of each tube is 1.05 metre .Specific heat dissipation due to radiation and convection is respectively 6 and 6.5 w/m2/C. Assume that convection improved by 35 percent due to provision of tubes.(16) 14. (a) (i) Derive output equation of a three phase induction motor(8) (ii) State and explain factors governing the choice of ampere conductors per metre in the design of a three phase induction motor.(8) (or) (b)Compute main diamensions of a 15 kW ,three phase, 400 volts,50Hz,2810 rpm squirrel cage induction motor having efficiency of 88 percent and full load power factor of 0.9.Assume specific magnetic loading equal to 0.5 web/m2 and specific electric loading equal to 25000 A/m.The rotor peripheral speed may be approximately 20 m/sec at synchronous speed. (16) 15. (a) Compute the main dimensions of a 1000 KVA,50Hz,3-phase 375 rpm alternator.The average air gap flux density is 0.55 web/m2 and the ampere conductors per metre are 28000.Use rectangular poles.Assume the ration of core length to pole pitch equal to 2.Maximum permissible peripheral speed is 50 m/sec.The runway speed is 1.8 times the synchronous speed. (16) (or) (b) The field coils of a salient pole alternator are wound with a single layer winding of bare copper strip 30 mm deep,with separating insulation 0.15 mm thick.Compute thickness of the conductor,number of turns and height of the winding to develop and mmf of 12000 ampere turns with a potential difference of 5 volts per coil and a loss of 1200 watts/m2 of coil surface area.Mean length of turn is 1.2 metre.Resistivity of copper is 0.021 /m/mm2 (16)