Mongolian spots: What is the diagnosis of this condition?$ Mongolian spot in lumbosacral area.

Bluish discoloration of an area of skin, it is of no significance. ;What is the differential diagnosis of this condition? 1.Bruises "due to trauma or child abuse". 2Ecchymoses "due to bleeding tendency". ;What is the treatment? No thing as it fades gradually as the infant grows older, so what is needed is Reassurance.

Normal newborn: Vernix caseosa ;What is the diagnosis of this condition? Vernix caseosa. ;What is the nature of this layer? Whitish greasy coat. What is the etiology? It is produced in utero by epithelial cell breakdown. ;What is the function of this layer? It protects the skin from the amniotic fluids.

Milia: ;What is the diagnosis of this condition? ; Milia. ;What is the prognosis? It is benign lesion, it exfoliate and disappear spontaneously within the first weeks, no treatment is necessary.

Neonatal gynecomastia ;What is the diagnosis of this condition? Neonatal gynecomastia: breast enlargement in both sexes during the first weeks of life due to transplacental passage of maternal hormones. ;What is the treatment? No thing except reassurance and - It should not be squeezed.

Moro reflex ; It is the most common neonatal primitive reflex. &;How can you elicit? Dropping the head with the examiner s hand supporting the body, Making a loud noise near the infant s ear, or Sudden withdrawal of the blankets from underneath the infant. ; What is the significance of this reflex? Normal CNS. Normal response Serious CNS Absent affection: Intracranial birth injury. Cerebral depression by drugs. Asphyxia or prematurity. Asymmetrical response Fracture clavicle - Erb s palsy. Persistence of the reflex beyond 6 months Cerebral palsy. Cephalhematoma: ;What is the diagnosis of this condition? 1.Cephalhematoma 2.Rt. parietal cephalhematoma and vacuum extraction site. ;It is a subperiosteal hemorrhage, limited by suture lines, due to traumatic delivery or ventous. ;What is the treatment? Conservative. Aspiration is contraindicated.

Erb's palsy: ;What is the diagnosis of this condition? Flaccid paralysis of the left upper limb. It is held in adduction, internal rotation and pronation (policeman tip). Moro reflex is absent on the affected side, but grasp reflex is intact. ;What is the etiology of this condition? It results from injury of 5th and 6th cervical nerve usually due to traumatic delivery. ;What is the treatment of this condition? Physiotherapy from second week.

Facial palsy: ;What is the diagnosis of this condition? 1. Left facial palsy. 2. Right facial palsy. ;Weakness of facial muscles, drooping of mouth and inability to close the eye on the affected side. ;What is the etiology of this condition? Compression of facial nerve by pressure from forceps blades but may occur after normal delivery. ;What is the treatment? Physiotherapy. ;What is the prognosis? Good, most cases resolve within a few weeks after birth.

Umbilical granuloma: ;What is wrong with this umbilicus? Umbilical granuloma presents as a persistent serosangunious discharge and a fleshy protuberance from the base.

Infant of diabetic mother: What is the diagnosis of this condition?$ Infant of diabetic mother: large obese infants due to poor control of maternal diabetes. ;What are the complications of this conditio?

Congenital hypothyroidism: (xde gmbar) *What is the diagnosis of this condition? Congenital hypothyroidism. *What are the clinical features of this condition? Coarse facies, large protruding tongue & umbilical hernia. *How to prevent this condition? Routine screening of all newborns within a few days of birth.

Hydropes fetalis: *What is the diagnosis of this condition? Hydropes fetalis. *What are the clinical features of this condition? Gross generalized edema, Ascites & Heart failure. *How to prevent - why this condition becoming uncommon? Uncommon since the prevention of disease with anti-D immunoglobulin. *What is the treatment of this condition? Exchange transfusion & Ventilatory support.

Phototherapy
$What are the types of phototherapy? White, Blue or Green "wave length: 450 - 460 nm". $What is the indication? Bilirubin level above 15 mg% "full term - unconjugated Jaundice". What are the side effects?$ Hyperthermia, Dehydration, Loose stool & Skin rash.

CLET PALATE N LIP What is the diagnosis of this condition? Cleft lip & palate (1, 2) - Cleft lip (3). What are the complications of this condition? Feeding difficulties. Aspiration pneumonia. Speech problems and deafness. $What is the management of this condition? Surgical repair usually gives excellent results. Feeding by a large teat, spoon or tube feeding.

TONGUE TIE.
What is the diagnosis of this condition? Tongue tie. What is etiology of this condition? It is due to short lingual frenulum. What are the problems of this condition? No problems, it rarely interferes with eating or speech generally need no treatment.

Talipes equinovarus (Club foot):

$What is the diagnosis of this condition? Talipes equinovarus (1). What is the differential diagnosis of this condition? Positional talipes (2) foot can be fully dorsiflexed to touch the front of the lower leg. "Can be passively corrected". What is the treatment of this condition? Splinting, but surgical release may be needed.

Microcephaly: (xde gmbar) *What is the diagnosis of this condition? Microcephaly "head circumference below the 3rd centile for age".$ What are the causes of this condition? *Congenital infections: TORCH. Causes of cerebral palsy: enumerate some causes.

Meningomyelocele(xde gmbar) What is the diagnosis of this condition (1, 2)?$ Meningomyelocele. How to diagnose the condition antenatally?$ Ultrasound examination it is a neural tube defect. What are the complications of this condition?$ Hydrocephalus occurs in most of the cases, Infections & Paraparesis.

Oral moniliasis:
white adherent plaques on the buccal mucosa and tongue. It is a fungal infection caused by Candida Albicans. What is the main presentationn of this condition?$ Refusal of suckling and crying.

Perineal moniliasis. (xde gmbar)

What is the lesion shown?$ Bright red confluent rash in the napkin area and around the anus. Typically, there are discrete satellite lesions lying peripheral to the rash. What is the cause?$ What is the treatment?$ As oral moniliasis. What is the treatment of this condition?$ Treatment is by topical nystatin or miconazole

Neonatal conjunctivitis.
What are the causes of this condition?$ Chlamydia, gonorrhea & viruses. Minor sticky eye is much more common, usually non-infective and responds to frequent eye washes.

Measles
What is the type of rash shown? Maculopapular rash Koplick's spots. What are the complications of this condition?$ Respiratory: bronchitis, bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Neurological: encephalitis, subscute sclerosing pan encephalitis. What is the treatment of this condition?$ Symptomatic i.e. antipyretics for the high fever.

Roseola infantum: What is the type of rash shown? Maculopapular rash. What is the treatment of this condition? As above.

Scarlet fever What is the diagnosis of this condition? Scarlet fever: infection by group A -hemolytic streptococci. What are the diagnostic features of this condition? Sore throat. Fine popular rash. Tongue changes (white, then red strawberry).