Marie Vandendael 1263 Saturday June 4, 2011

! ! ! ! ! ! Genetics lab 1. Introduction How many people in our class have different types of genetic features. 1.2 Background Information: -When one inherits a dominant allele and a recessive allele for the same trait, the dominant allele will overcome the recessive allele.-A recessive allele is only evident in a trait when one inherits two recessive alleles from its parent for a trait.-In this laboratory, the dominant and recessive alleles are as follows: Dominant Allele (of trait) Free earlobe Windows peak Cleft chin Smile dimple Curly hair Hair on ngers 1.3. Hypothesis: If ... Then ... Because ... If one tested the most comment alleles (dominant or recessive) that control a trait, then one would nd that dominant alleles would be the most common. This is because when a dominant allele and a recessive allele are given by the parents of offspring, the dominant allele will always overcome the recessive allele. The probability of a recessive allele controlling a trait is 1 out of 4 (possible combination being: two dominant alleles, a dominant and a recessive allele, a recessive and a dominant allele, and two recessive alleles), and the probability of a dominant allele controlling a trait is 3 out of 4. 1.4. Variables: 1.3.1 Independent: Different people 1.3.2 Dependent: Number of people with different alleles 1.3.3 Constants: People, allele comparison chart/pictures 1.5 Materials Mirror (optional) An allele wheel
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Marie Vandendael Saturday, June 11, 2011 2:56:31 PM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Recessive Allele (of trait) Attached earlobe No windows peak No cleft chin No smile dimple Straight hair No hair on ngers

Marie Vandendael 1263 Saturday June 4, 2011

1.6 Method 1.Write a hypothesis that gives ones opinion on the problem Are traits controlled by dominantalleles more common than traits controlled by recessive alleles? 2.Using the list of traits in the background information, nd out the traits the people in ones class have. 3. Input this data into the data table. 4.Input this data into a double bar graph to give one a visual for comparing the commonality ofdominant and recessive alleles of the traits. 5.After this, nd out ones number on the allele wheel and share it with the rest of ones class mates. Also nd out the other classmates allele wheel numbers. 2. Data 2.1 Tables: Traits 1(dominant) Free earlobes Hair on ngers Windows peak Curly hair Cleft chin Smile dimples 6 9 2 2 2 7 Number Traits 2 (recessive) Attached earlobes No hair on ngers No windows peak Straight hair Smooth chin No smile dimples 4 1 8 8 8 3 Number

We looked at 10 people for this data

Marie Vandendael

Saturday, June 11, 2011 2:56:31 PM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Marie Vandendael 1263 Saturday June 4, 2011

2.2 Graphs: Dominant allele Recessive allele

Dominant and Recessive Allele Numbers of 8th Grade Students Earlobes Hair on ngers Windows peak Hair Chin Smile dimples 0 2.25 4.5 6.75 9

3. Results and Analysis It is evident from the data collected that the commonality of the recessive and dominant alleles of the traits is even. The double bar graph and data table clearly show that the majority of the 8th grade students had the dominant allele of free earlobes, hair on ngers, and smile dimples. These data organizers also show that the majority of the 8th grade students also had the recessive allele of no widows peak, straight hair, and no cleft chin. The Allele Wheel Numbers table shows that out of the results given by ten people, three have the same number, being 61. The traits for this number are smile dimples, smooth chin, straight hair, no widows peak, and hair on ngers. The dominant alleles of these traits are smile dimples and hair on ngers, and the rest a recessive. This is interesting because scientically speaking, the most common allele wheel numbers should be one made of mainly dominant alleles, but because of such a small sample space, this result should be expected.

Marie Vandendael

Saturday, June 11, 2011 2:56:31 PM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Marie Vandendael 1263 Saturday June 4, 2011

4. Conclusion During this laboratory, one conducted an experiment to help answer the question Are traits controlledby dominant alleles more common than traits controlled by recessive alleles? The data was collected from 8th grade students and compiled into a data table and double bar graph. This data was a collection of traits that the students had. When collecting the traits, the students recorded which allele they had. These alleles were as follows: free earlobes and attached earlobes, hair on ones ngers and no hair on ones ngers, a widows peak or no widows peak, curly hair or straight hair, a cleft chin or no cleft chin, and mile dimples or no dimples.After collecting the data, one then analyzed the results. The hypothesis in this laboratory was that if one carried out a laboratory to test if traits are controlled by dominant alleles more commonly than recessive alleles, dominant alleles would be the most common. This is because dominant alleles always overcome recessive alleles, and the possible combinations of which allele one inherits in a trait show that there is larger probability a dominant allele will be control a trait rather than a recessive allele. Although this background information was valid, the data collected shows that there is an even chance that a trait will be controlled by a dominant allele ora recessive allele. In conclusion, the experiment conducted proved that this hypothesis was wrong. But in defense of the hypothesis, it is scientically correct that dominant alleles are more common to control traits than recessive alleles. The error analysis and laboratory improvements will explain why the conclusion of this laboratory was technically incorrect. 4.2 Error Analysis / Improvements: There are no equipment or human errors in this lab, although there are possible errors that can be found through following the following improvements. Firstly, there may be many circumstances where it is unclear if a student has a certain trait or not. One would not be completely sure if a student has a trait or not unless one could use a more scientic method than observing with ones eye sight. Also, the data collection was a frenzy during this laboratory because students had a rather short time frame to nd out the traits each student had. Also, the only method used when collecting the data was shouting at a classmate to nd out which traits the classmate had. If the data was collected in amore organized manner, there would be less doubt of having errors in the data. Another improvement that could further eliminate errors is enlarging the sample space. During this particular laboratory on this experiment, data was only collected from 10 people. Scientically speaking, dominant alleles would be more common to control a trait than recessive alleles for reasons explained previously. If the sample space was enlarged in all areas,including the number of people data is collected from and a wider range of ethnicities, the data collected wouldbe more accurate. This data would also be more accurate if more dominant and recessive versions of traits were tested on the sample space. If this was applied in this laboratory, the data would be more diverse and include more possibilities, and the data would be more accurate.

Marie Vandendael

Saturday, June 11, 2011 2:56:31 PM Hong Kong SAR China Time