abandoned land abiotic component accessibility acid lava acid rain acidic soil afforestation alluvial soil alluvium

Alpine-Himalayan system Alps Amazon Basin ancillary service Andes angular bearing annual range of temperature annual temperature Anshan ash autumn badlands Baotou bar basic lava batholith bay bay-bar beach Benxi biotic component block disintegration block mountain bluff braided stream buttress root caldera canal

canopy capital carbon dioxide catchment area CBD Chang Jiang Chek Lap Kok chimney Circum-Pacific Ring of Fire cliff climbing plant clover coalescence coarse-grained coking coal cold front cold ocean currents commercial farming commuters comparative bar graph comparative line graph compass point competitive composite cone compound bar graph compound line graph compressional forces concave bend condensation level condensation nuclei conelets Congo Basin conservative plate boundary constructive plate boundary consumers

container port continental climate continental crust contour ploughing conurbation convection currents convectional rain convex bend core corestone Coriolis effect crater crop failure crop rotation crossbreeding crown crust cyclonic rain dam decentralisation decomposer deforestation delta deposition dew point differential erosion discharge dissolved oxygen distributaries diurnal temperature range dredging drip tips drizzle drought drought resistant dry farming dyke

earth movements earthquake East African Rift Valley ecosystem effective rainfall emergent layer entrepreneur epiphytes equatorial rainforest erosion erosional agents evergreen export oriented extensive farming extrude fallowing famine faulting feldspar fertiliser fine-grained first trophic level Five Year Plans flatland flatted factory flocculation flood hydrograph flood plain flooding fold mountains fold food chain fossil fuels frontal rain frost function Fushun gentrification

geographical inertia geothermal energy global warming gorges graben granite green belts greenhouse groundwater growing season gully headland heat island Himalayas horizontal scale horizontal zonation horst humic acid humus hygroscopic nuclei incinerators industrial agglomeration industrial estates infiltration infrastructure inner city insolation integrated steelworks intensive farming interception interlocking spurs Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone iron ore iron oxide irrigation labour intensive land use competition

land use zoning landfill landslide Lanzhou latent heat of condensation lateritic soil latitude lava lavaplateaux leaching legume liana light industries limestone line of weakness living standard long run lower course lowland magma mangrove manioc mantle maritime influence mass transit mass wasting meander mica micro-climate Mid-Atlantic Ridge mid-oceanic ridge millet mudflow municipality natural habitat natural increase natural leve

natural vegetation new town nimbocumulus nitrogen-fixing bacteria nomadic herding non-renewable energy nutrient cycle ocean currents ocean trench oceanic climate oceanic crust offshore wind oil crisis oil spill onshore wind Open Door Policy open space overcultivation overland flow overspill ox-bow lake oxidation parasite parasitic cone passive zone peak discharge perception pest pesticide plant litter plantation agriculture plate boundaries plunge pool pot hole power station precipitation pressure pressure gradient

prevailing winds primary consumers primate city producer productivity pull factor push factor quartz radioactive rainfall rainshadow range of temperature rapid recession reclaimed land reclamation recycling red tide reduced bearing regional self-sufficiency release of pressure relief renewable energy reservoir resource retaining walls rift valley Rockies runoff rural urban migration rush hour Sahel salinization San Andreas Fault sanitation saprophyte saturate scrap iron

scree secondary cone secondary consumers secondary growth sediment sedimentary rock seismic waves self-contained sewage sewage treatment works shifting agriculture shrub layer sial silting sima skilled labour slash-and-burn slumping slum smog smoke Snowy Mountains Scheme social segregation soil conservation soil erosion soil liquefaction soluble solution Special Economic Zones species speculation staggered working hours subduct submarine ridges subsidy subsistence farming subsoil

sub-tropical climate suburbanisation sustainable development tariff tear fault terracing tertiary consumers throughflow traffic congestion trampling transform fault transhumance transpiration trophic level tropical crop tropical cyclone tropical rain forest tsunami turbidity turbulent flow typhoon undergrowth undulating relief upper course uranium urban encroachment urban growth urban planning urban renewal urban redevelopment urban sprawl Urumqi vegetation velocity vent vertical exaggeration vertical scale vertical zonation

volcanic arc volcanic cone volcanic eruption volcanic island volcanic soil volcano warm ocean current water control zones waterfall waterlogging wave-cut platform weathering weathering profile well-jointed wildlife habitat windbreak windward slope winter winter wheat whole circle bearing yam young fold mountain young tree layer zone of collision zone of sea-floor spreading zone of spreading