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REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS

Computer Network Project

GSM BASED DIGITAL NOTICE BOARD

Team Members: 1. Boby Antony. (0925907) 2. Sumi Scaria (0925959)

1. OBJE T VE

OBLE

T ON

Noti e Board is pri ary thi g i any instit tion / organization or publi utility places like bus stations, railway stations and parks But sticking various notices day-to-day is a difficult process A separate person is required to take care of this notices display. This project deals about an advanced hi-tech wireless notice board. An e bedded syste is a combination of software and hardware to perform a

dedicated task. Some of the main devices used in embedded products are Microprocessors and Microcontrollers, Microprocessors are commonly referred to as general purpose processors as they simply accept the inputs, process it and give the output. In contrast, a microcontroller not only accepts the data as inputs but also manipulates it, interfaces the data with various devices, controls the data and thus finally gives the result. As everyone in this competitive world prefers to make the things easy and simple to handle, this project sets an example to some extent. This project is built around the ATMEGA8L micro controller from Atmel. Micro controller provides all the functionality of the display and wireless control. It also takes care of creating different display effects for given text. Display is obtained on LCD Display Screen. A GSM/CDMA Mobile Can is used to enter the required text or notice. The scrolling speed of the text also can be changed according to user requirement. After entering the text the SMS is sent to the no which is connected to the LCD display. At any time the user can add or remove or alter the text according to his requirement. At the receiving end the GSM modem which is connected to the Max 232 receives the message and is connected to the microcontroller ATMEGA8L. The message which is already stored in the EEPROM is displayed on the LCD Display. This project uses regulated 5V, 500mA power supply. 7805 three terminal voltage regulator is used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac output of secondary of 230/12V step down transformer.

2. PROJE T ST
2.1 Exi ing system: Currently we rely on putting up notices on the notice boards using papers. This is time consuming since we need time for preparing notices. Also there is wastage of paper. If we need to renew the notice then we have to take a new hardcopy. 2.2 Limitati ns of existing system:
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Lack of security Lack of clarity Time consuming Need of computer, printer and paper May be crowded with too many notices

2.3 Proposed system The proposed system is a GSM based digital notice board. It is user friendly the cost and time effective. New notices and updates can be send within fraction of seconds. Messages are send from the mobile phone and the GSM modem connected to the display unit receives the message and check for the password and if it is from the authorized person the messaged is transferred to the display unit. Hence it gives more security and reliability. The use of computers, printers and even paper can be eliminated, and thus it can be considered as more eco-friendly.

3. L TERAT RE SURVE
3.1 GSM Technology: Global System for Mobile Communication is a globally accepted standard for digital cellular communication. GSM is the name of a standardization group established in 1982 to create a common European mobile telephone standard. 3.1.1 GSM

GSM (Global System for Mobile communications: originally from Groupe Spcial Mobile is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the world. Its promoter, the GSM Association, estimates that 80% of the global mobile market uses the standard. GSM is used by over 3 billion people across more than 212 countries and territories. Its ubiquity makes international roaming very common between mobile phone operators, enabling subscribers to use their phones in many parts of the world. GSM differs from its predecessors in that both signaling and speech channels are digital, and thus is considered a second generation (2G) mobile phone system. This has also meant that data communication was easy to build into the system.

3.1.2 TE HNICAL DETAILS


GSM is a cellular network, which means that mobile phones connect to it by searching for cells in the immediate vicinity. There are five different cell sizes in a GSM networkmacro, micro, pico, femto and umbrella cells. The coverage area of each cell varies according to the implementation environment. Macro cells can be regarded as cells where the base station antenna is installed on a mast or a building above average roof top level. Micro cells are cells whose antenna height is under average roof top level; they are typically used in urban areas. Picocells are small cells whose coverage diameter is a few dozen meters; they are mainly used indoors. Femtocells are cells designed for use in residential or small business environments and connect to the service providers network via a broadband internet connection. Umbrella cells are used to cover shadowed regions of smaller cells and fill in gaps in coverage between those cells. Cell horizontal radius varies depending on antenna height, antenna gain and propagation conditions from a couple of hundred meters to several tens of kilometres. The longest distance the GSM specification supports in practical use is 35 kilometres (22 mi). There are also several implementations of the concept of an extended cell, where the cell radius could be double or even more, depending on the antenna system, the type of terrain and the timing advance. Indoor coverage is also supported by GSM and may be achieved by using an indoor picocell base station, or an indoor repeater with distributed indoor antennas fed through power splitters, to deliver the radio signals from an antenna outdoors to the separate indoor

distributed antenna system. These are typically deployed when a lot of call capacity is needed indoors, for example in shopping centers or airports. However, this is not a prerequisite, since indoor coverage is also provided by in-building penetration of the radio signals from nearby cell. The modulation used in GSM is Gaussian minimum-shift keying (GMSK), a kind of continuous-phase frequency shift keying. In GMSK, the signal to be modulated onto the carrier is first smoothed with a Gaussian low-pass filter prior to being fed to a frequency modulator, which greatly reduces the interference to neighboring channels (adjacent channel interference).

3.1.3 NETWORK STRUCTURE

The network behind the GSM seen by the customer is large and complicated in order to provide all of the services which are required. It is divided into a number of sections and these are each covered in separate articles.
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The Base Station Subsystem (the base stations and their controllers).

The Network and Switching Subsystem (the part of the network most similar to a fixed network). This is sometimes also just called the core network.

The GPRS Core Network (the optional part which allows packet based Internet connections).

All of the elements in the system combine to produce many GSM services such as voice calls and SMS.

3.2 What Makes SMS Messaging So Successful Worldwide?


SMS is a success all over the world. The number of SMS messages exchanged every day is enormous. SMS messaging is now one of the most important revenue sources of wireless carriers. What is so special about SMS that makes it so popular worldwide? Some of the reasons are discussed below.
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SMS Messages can be Sent and Read at Any Time: SMS Messages can be Sent to an Offline Mobile Phone: SMS Messaging is Less Disturbing While You can Still Stay in Touch: SMS Messages are Supported by 100% GSM Mobile Phones and they can be exchanged between different wireless carriers:

SMS is a Suitable Technology for Wireless Applications to Build on:

3.3 Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)


One of the key features of GSM is the Subscriber Identity Module, commonly known as a SIM card. The SIM is a detachable smart card containing the user's subscription information and phone book. This allows the user to retain his or her information after switching handsets. Alternatively, the user can also change operators while retaining the handset simply by changing the SIM. Some operators will block this by allowing the phone to use only a single SIM, or only a SIM issued by them; this practice is known as SIM locking, and is illegal in some countries.

4. RE UIREMENTS SPECIFICATION
4.1 Functional requirements:

WORKING PRINCIPLE: This is a very good project for college, police etc. This project has a moving message display, which can be used as the digital notice board, and also a GSM modem, which is the latest technology used for communication between the mobile and the embedded devices. System will work like when the user wants to display or update the notice board, he have to sent the message in his mobile defining the messages and then the password of the system to the number of the sim which is inserted in the display system MODEM. Then the MODEM connected to the isplay system will receive the SMS, the microcontroller inside the system is programmed in such a way that when the modem receives any message the microcontroller will read the message form serial port and verify for the password, if the pass word is correct then it will start displaying the messages in the display system The messages are displayed on the system using high speed techniques, the entire display column is connected to shift register output so that the characters are first shifting to each column and then the microcontroller will switch on the row one by one with small delay. This process is continuing in high speed so that the viewer will feel the display in a more brightness. 4.2. Non functional requirements: Software Requirements:
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Embedded C Keil Programme

5. RE UIREMENTS SPECIFICATION

5.1 Block Diagram:

(KEY PAD)

CDMA/GSM/3G
M

`
I C R O C

LCD DISPLAY

GSM MODEM

MAX 232

O N T R O

EEPROM I2C PROTOCOL

L L E R

5.2 PARTS OF THE SYSTEM


5.2.1 Microcontroller: The microcontroller forms the heart of the system. Its

responsibilities include reading the message from the GSM modem and displaying it on LCD. Reading of message from the SIM card inserted into the modem is done by sending the appropriate AT command to the modem. Here we use the 8051 based AT89C52 manufactured by Atmel. 5.2.2 GSM Modem: A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a GSM wireless network. A wireless modem behaves like a dial-up modem. The main difference between them is that a dial-up modem sends and receives data through a fixed telephone line while a wireless modem sends and receives data through radio waves. Like a GSM mobile phone, a GSM modem requires a SIM card from a wireless carrier in order to operate. A GSM modem can be an external unit or a PCMCIA card (also called PC Card). An external GSM modem is connected to a PC through a serial cable, a USB cable, Bluetooth or Infrared. Like a GSM mobile phone, a GSM modem requires a SIM card from a wireless carrier in order to operate. PC's use AT commands to control a modem.GSM modems and normal Hayes modems support a common set of AT commands. GSM modems support an extended set of AT commands. These extended AT commands are defined in the GSM standards. With these we can:
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Send SMS messages. Monitor the signal strength. Monitor the charging status and charge level of the battery. Read, write and search phone book entries.

The number of SMS messages that can be processed by a GSM modem is pretty low, approximately six messages per minute.

5.2.3 RS-232 Interface: For GSM modem which works on the RS-232 voltage levels, logic 1 varies from -3 to -15 volts and logic 0 from +3 to +15 volts. The microcontroller which works on TTL logic levels, logic 1 is +5 volts and logic 0 is 0 volts. Therefore to interface the two we use a MAX 232 driver IC manufactured by Maxim.

5.2.4 Display Unit: To display messages received we are using a 20*4 alphanumeric LCD. If any new message arrives the current one is erased and new one is displayed.

5.2.5 Power Supply

6.
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APPLICATIONS
Educational Institutions and Organizations: Currently we rely on putting up papers on notice boards to inform people of events. This method can be discarded by using wireless notice boards to display information in real time.
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Crime Prevention: Display boards put up on roads will display tips on public security, accident prevention, information on criminals on the run. The board will help flash messages such as vehicle thefts as and when they occur.

Managing Traffic: In metropolitan cities we frequently come across traffic jams. One way to avoid this would be inform people beforehand to take alternate routes. A wireless notice board serves well for this purpose.

Advertisement: In shopping malls we get to hear the offers on various products from time to time. Instead we continuously display the information regarding the products and related offers on electronic display boards.

Railway Station: Instead of announcing the delay in arrival of trains we can display the information.

7. MERITS
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User friendly: Eliminates use of printers:. Faster means of transferring information: Long Range:

8. REFERENCES
1. The 8051Microcontroller by Kenneth J. Ayala 2. The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems by Muhammad Ali Mazidi. 3. Principles and Applications of GSM by Vijay Garg. 4. www.electrotech.com 5. www.developershome.com 6. www.wikipedia.com

GSM vs CDMA

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