descent

Type: Term Pronunciation: d -sent Definitions: 1. In obstetrics, the passage of the presenting part of the fetus into and through the birth canal. Synonyms: descensus

engagement /engagement/ (en-g jmint) the entrance of the fetal head or presenting part into the
superior pelvic strait.
Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.

engagement ( n-g j m nt)

n. The entrance of the fetal head or presenting part into the upper opening of the maternal pelvis.
The American Heritage Medical Dictionary Copyright 2007, 2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

engagement
[eng j m nt]

Etymology: Fr, a bonding

1 fixation of the presenting part of the fetus in the maternal true pelvis. The largest diameter of the presenting part is at or below the level of the ischial spines.

2 fixation of the fetal head in the maternal midpelvis with the biparietal diameter of the head level with the ischial spines.

Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. 2009, Elsevier.

Engagement

Obstetrics The first movement made by the babys head during labour and delivery, which consists of the presenting parts descent through the pelvic inlet; it requires complete dilation of the cervix MedspeakUK Promoting the active involvement of an individual in communication, which requires consistency between oral and non-verbal behaviour that respects the individuals experience, expertise, culture, history and religion

Segen's Medical Dictionary. 2011 Farlex, Inc. All rights reserved.

engagement [en-g jment]

the entrance of the largest diameter of the fetal head into the smallest diameter of the maternal pelvis.

Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition. 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.

engagement
Obstetrics The descent of the widest part of the presenting part of the baby's head through the pelvic inlet, which requires that the cervix is completely dilated; it is the first movement made by the baby's head during L&D. See Labor & delivery.

McGraw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine. 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

ie
Type: Term Pronunciation: l Definitions: 1. Relationship of the long axis of the fetus to that of the mother. Synonyms: fetal attitude

ominance /dominance/ (dom -nans)

1. the state of being dominant. 2. in genetics, the full phenotypic expression of a gene in both heterozygotes and homozygotes. 3. in coronary artery anatomy, the state of supplying the posterior diaphragmatic part of the interventricular septum and the diaphragmatic surface of the left ventricle.

incomplete dominance failure of one gene to be completely dominant, heterozygotes showing a phenotype intermediate between the two parents. lateral dominance the preferential use, in voluntary motor acts, of ipsilateral members of the major paired organs of the body.

Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.

dominance (d m -n ns)
n. The condition or state of being dominant.
The American Heritage Medical Dictionary Copyright 2007, 2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

dominance

[dom

in ns]

Etymology: L, dominari, to rule

the property of an allele in which the allele is fully expressed in the phenotype, even when only one copy of the allele is present. See also autosomal-dominant inheritance, recessive allele, segregation. dominant, adj.

Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. 2009, Elsevier.

Dominance

Genetics The ability of a dominant gene to express itself in a phenotype, when the gene is paired with another (recessive) gene that would have expressed itself in a different way Neurology The tendency of one brain hemisphere to be more controlling than the other in mediating neural activity Psychiatry A predisposition to playing the controlling role when interacting with others Sexology See Domination Transplant medicine See Donor dominance, Recipient dominance

Segen's Medical Dictionary. 2011 Farlex, Inc. All rights reserved.

dominance [dom -nans]

1. the supremacy, or superior manifestation, in a specific situation of one of two or more competitive or mutually antagonistic factors.

2. the appearance, in the PHENOTYPE of a HETEROZYGOTE, of one of two mutually antagonistic parental characters.

Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition. 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.

dominance

1. the supremacy, or superior manifestation, in a specific situation of one of two or more competitive or mutually antagonistic factors or animals.

2. in genetics, alleles which fully express their phenotype when present in the heterozygous state.

dominance aggression behavior by an animal that asserts its dominance over another or a human, such as competing for food, resisting control measures, or assuming dominant postures. dominance deviation a deviation from gene additive action due to dominance. incomplete dominance when a heterozygote displays the effects of two alleles at the same location; the alleles are said to be incompletely dominant or co-dominant. location dependent dominance behavior in which an animal is dominant when in its home territory, but it becomes subordinate outside that territory. dominance relationship probability of relatives having the same genotype.
Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary, 3 ed. 2007 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved

dominance

Genetics The ability of a dominant gene to express itself in a phenotype, when the gene is paired with another (recessive) gene that would have expressed itself in a different way Neurology Cerebral dominance The tendency of one brain hemisphere to be more controlling than the other in mediating neural activity Psychiatry A predisposition to play a controlling role when interacting with others Sexology See Domination.

McGraw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine. 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

position /position/ (pah-zishun)

1. a bodily posture or attitude. 2. the relationship of a given point on the presenting part of the fetus to a designated point of the maternal pelvis.

anatomical position that of the human body standing erect with palms turned forward, used as the position of reference in designating the site or direction of structures of the body. Bozeman's position the knee-elbow position with straps used for support. decubitus position see decubitus. Fowler's position that in which the head of the patient's bed is raised 1820 inches above the level, with the knees also elevated.

knee-chest position the patient resting on knees and upper chest. knee-elbow position the patient resting on knees and elbows with the chest elevated. lithotomy position the patient supine with hips and knees flexed and thighs abducted and externally rotated. Mayer position a radiographic position that gives a unilateral superoinferior view of the temporomandibular joint, external auditory canal, and mastoid and petrous processes. Rose's position a supine position with the head over the table edge in full extension, to prevent aspiration or swallowing of blood. semi-Fowler position one similar to Fowler's position but with the head less elevated. Sims position the patient on the left side and chest, the right knee and thigh drawn up, the left arm along the back. Trendelenburg position the patient is supine on a surface inclined 45 degrees, head at the lower end and legs flexed over the upper end. verticosubmental position a radiographic position that gives an axial projection of the mandible, including the coronoid and condyloid processes of the rami, the base of the skull and its foramina, the petrous pyramids, the sphenoidal, posterior ethmoid, and maxillary sinuses, and the nasal septum. Waters' position a radiographic position that gives a posteroanterior view of the maxillary sinus, maxilla, orbits, and zygomatic arches.

Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.

position (p -z sh n)
n. 1. A place occupied. 2. A bodily attitude or posture, especially a posture assumed by a patient to facilitate the performance of diagnostic, surgical, or therapeutic procedures. 3. The relation of an arbitrarily chosen portion of the fetus to the right or left side of the mother.

position v. posi tional adj.

The American Heritage Medical Dictionary Copyright 2007, 2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

position

[p zish

n]

Etymology: L, positio

1 any one of many postures of the body, such as the anatomic position, lateral recumbent position, or semi-Fowler's position. See specific positions.

2 (in obstetrics) the relationship of an arbitrarily chosen fetal reference point, such as the occiput, sacrum, chin, or scapula, on the presenting part of the fetus to its location in the maternal pelvis.

Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. 2009, Elsevier.

position [p -zishun]

1. a bodily posture or attitude.

2. the relationship of a given point on the presenting part of the fetus to a designated point of the maternal pelvis; see accompanying table. See also PRESENTATION.

Common examination positions. From Lammon et al., 1995.

anatomical position that of the human body standing erect, palms facing forward; it is the position of reference in designating site or direction of structures of the body. The anatomical position for quadrupeds is standing with all four feet on the ground; the difference between animal and human anatomical position leads to confusion among terms indicating position and direction.

The body in the anatomical poisition, showing regions of the body. From Applegate, 2000.

batrachian position a lying position of infants in which the lower limbs are flexed, abducted, and resting on the bed on their outer aspects, resembling the legs of a frog.

Bozeman's position the knee-elbow position with straps used for support.

decubitus position that of the body lying on a horizontal surface, designated according to the aspect of the body touching the surface as dorsal decubitus (on the back), leftor right lateral decubitus (on the left or right side), andventral decubitus (on the anterior surface). In radiology, the patient is placed in either the right or left lateral decubitus position with the beam perpendicular to the long axis of the body.

dorsal recumbent position position of patient on the back, with lower limbs flexed and rotated outward; used in vaginal examination, application of obstetrical forceps, and other procedures. See illustration.

Fowler's position a position in which the head of the patient's bed is raised 30 to 90 degrees above the level, with the knees sometimes also elevated. See illustration.

Low Fowler's.

froglike position batrachian position.

knee-chest position the patient rests on the knees and chest with head is turned to one side, arms extended on the bed, and elbows flexed and resting so that they partially bear the patient's weight; the abdomen remains unsupported, though a small pillow may be placed under the chest. See illustration.

knee-elbow position the patient resting on the knees and elbows with the chest elevated.

lateral position Sims' position.

lithotomy position the patient lies on the back with the legs well separated, thighs acutely flexed on the abdomen, and legs on thighs; stirrups may be used to support the feet and legs. See illustration.

orthopneic position a position assumed to relieveORTHOPNEA (difficulty breathing except when in an upright position); the patient assumes an upright or semivertical position by using pillows to support the head and chest, or sits upright in a chair.

prone position a position with the patient lying face down with arms bent comfortably at the elbow and padded with the armboards positioned forward.

Prone position. From Lammon et al., 1995.

reverse Trendelenburg position a supine position with the patient on a plane inclined with the head higher than the rest of the body and appropriate safety devices such as a footboard.

Rose's position one intended to prevent aspiration or swallowing of blood, as from an injured lip: the patient is supine with head hanging over the end of the table in full extension so as to enable bleeding to be over the margins of the inverted upper incisors.

semi-Fowler position a position similar to Fowler's POSITIONbut with the head less elevated.

Sims position the patient lies on the left side with the left thigh slightly flexed and the right thigh acutely flexed on the abdomen; the left arm is behind the body with the body inclined forward, and the right arm is positioned according to the patient's comfort. See illustration. Called also lateral position.

Sims recumbent position a variant of the Sims POSITION in which the patient lies on the left side in a modified left lateral position; the upper leg is flexed at hip and knees, the lower leg is straight, and the upper arm rests in a flexed position on the bed.

Trendelenburg's position the patient is on the back on a table or bed whose upper section is inclined 45 degrees so that the head is lower than the rest of the body; the adjustable lower section of the table or

bed is bent so that the patient's legs and knees are flexed. There is support to keep the patient from slipping. See illustration.

Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition. 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.

position,

n the placement or location of body parts to each other or the relationship of the body and its parts to other objects in space.

position, anatomic,

n the upright, forward-facing stance used to reference the physical location of a body part. Arms are held down at the sides with palms, toes, and eyes all directed anteriorly.

position, axial,

n the placement of the long axis of a tooth so that the tooth is positioned to withstand the occlusal forces exerted on it.

position, border, posterior,

n the most posterior position of the mandible at any specific vertical relation of the maxillae.

position, centric,

n 1. the position of the mandible in its most retruded relation to the maxillae at the established vertical relation. n 2. the constant position into which the patient will close the jaws; this relationship may be a convenience relationship or a true centric relationship.

position, condylar hinge,

n 1. mandibular joints at which a hinge movement of the mandible is possible. n 2. the maxillomandibular relation from which a consciously stimulated true hinge movement can be executed.

position, eccentric,

n (eccentric jaw position), any position of the mandible other than that in centric relation. See also relation, jaw, eccentric.

position, eccentric jaw,

n See position, eccentric and relation, eccentric jaw.

position, finger,

n See finger positions.

position, gingival,

n See gingival position.

position, hinge,

n the orientation of parts in a manner permitting hinge movements between them.

position, intercuspal,

n the term applied to the cuspal contacts of teeth when the mandible is in centric relation. Also called centric occlusion.

position, mandibular hinge,

n any position of the mandible that exists when the condyles are so situated in the temporomandibular joints that opening or closing movements can be made on the hinge axis. See also axis, hinge.

position, neutral,

n a relaxed and level arrangement of specific parts of the body so as to minimize stress or strain on the joints, nerves, or spine. The neutral position is usually defined by the horizontal plane of the adjacent part(s).

position, physiologic rest,

n the habitual postural position of the mandible when the patient is resting comfortably in the upright position and the condyles are in a neutral, unstrained position in the glenoid fossae. The mandibular musculature is in a state of minimum tonic contraction to maintain posture and to overcome its force of gravity. See alsorelation, rest jaw.

position, protrusive,

n the occlusion of the teeth as the mandible and mandibular central incisors are moved straight forward toward the incisal edges of the upper central incisors; the normal anterocclusal relationship; the forward end position, with the maxillary and mandibular incisors in edge-to-edge contact.

position, rest,

n 1. the position of the mandible when the jaws are in rest relation. See also position, physiologic rest, and relation, rest jaw. n 2. the position that the mandible passively assumes when the mandibular musculature is relaxed.

position, semi-upright,

n a way to position a patient suffering from respiratory or cardiovascular conditions.

position, terminal hinge,

n the mandibular hinge position from which further opening of the mandible would produce translatory rather than hinge movement. See also position, hinge.

position, tooth,

n the placement or location of the tooth in the dental arch in relation to the bone of the alveolar process, its adjacent teeth, and the opposing dentition.

position, Trendelenburg

n.pr a position in which the patient is on his back with the head and chest lowered and the legs elevated.

Mosby's Dental Dictionary, 2nd edition. 2008 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.

position

a bodily posture adopted by a patient to facilitate breathing or a distended viscus or cavity, or to relieve pain by moving pressure from an organ.

Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary, 3 ed. 2007 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved

position

The way in which the eyes are arranged. active position Position of the eyes characterized by foveal fixation of an object by both eyes. Thus, they are under the control of postural, fixation and fusion reflexes.See esophoria; exophoria; passive position; reflex. cardinal position's of gaze These are the following six version movements of the eyes: dextroversion (to the right), laevoversion (to the left), dextroelevation (up to the right), laevoelevation (up to the left), dextrodepression (down to the right), and laevodepression (down to the left). See motility test; version. diagnostic position's of gaze Method of evaluating the integrity of the extraocular muscles by testing the primary, the four secondary and the four tertiary positions of gaze, monocularly or binocularly. See motility test; version. dissociated position See dissociation. passive position Position of the eyes when they are only under the control of the postural and fixation reflexes, but not the fusion reflex, as, for example, when one eye is covered and the other is fixating an object. See heterophoria. primary position The position of an eye in relation to the head, from which a pure vertical and a pure horizontal movement is not associated with any degree of torsion. The eye is usually, but not necessarily, in the straight ahead (straightforward) position. See centre of rotation of the eye; torsion. position of rest, anatomical Position of the eyes when they are completely devoid of tonus, as in death. position of rest, physiological Position of the eyes when they are only under the control of the postural reflexes, but completely free from any visual stimuli. See resting state of accommodation; initial convergence; tonus; tonic vergence. secondary position Movement of an eye represented by a horizontal or vertical rotation away from the primary position. See version. straight ahead position; straightforward position See centre of rotation of the eye; primary position. tertiary position Movement of an eye to an oblique position, as, for example, 'up and in'. See version.

Millodot: Dictionary of Optometry and Visual Science, 7th edition. 2009 Butterworth-Heinemann

position

Medtalk A stance or placement. See Beach chair position, Calcaneal neutral position, Dorsal lithotomy position, Figure of four position, Fixed structural position, Frog leg position, Jump position, Lateral decubitus position, Leapfrog position, Recovery position, Sims position, Sniffing dog position, Statue of Liberty position, Stress position, Thorburn's position, Tip-toe position, Waters' position.

McGraw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine. 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Patient discussion about position.

Q. Please tell me what possible changes in body should I look for, as an indication for a positive sign? I had done my home pregnancy test and found it to be negative and I know they are not much reliable..soon I will meet doctor. Please tell me what possible changes in body should I look for, as an indication for a positive sign? A. i think that pregnancy tests are one of the most reliable test there is...it is considered a 99.99% accurate. and you can also do 2-3 tests from different brands in order to minimize that chance also. Q. Has anyone had any positive weight loss or maintenance from drinking milk? A. Im not sure where you got the idea that milk is a diet helper maybe because drinking a lot of it will give you diarrhea? Milk itself has calories and actually it is highly recommended by alternative Dr. to reduce the amount of milk you eat everyday. And from a good reason. Billion Chinese dont eat milk and live happy, thin and long life! Q. The HIV test came back POSITIVE! My very close friend 'Demonte'. One day in December as he was returning from a business trip, his wife met him at the airport with terrible news. During a routine pregnancy check up, her doctor had administered an HIV test along with other blood-work. The HIV test came back POSITIVE! The doctor wanted to begin administering drugs immediately but the cost of these drugs here when compared to their family income was prohibitive. I helped him with some of my savings. He already sold his favorite sentimental car to save his precious wife. Now i want to know is there any NATURAL medicine to cure this? Hope it costs less and available. A. there are no effective natural remedy for HIV. the medications are very hard ones that try to control the virus from spreading (cannot eliminate it though). no herbal remedy or nutrition change will do that.