Arab Academy for Science & Technology and Maritime Transport Cairo Branch

College of Engineering & technology Electronics & Communication Engineering Department Course: Optical Communications Lecturer: Prof. Dr. Moustafa Hussein, Dr. Nazmi A. Mohammed Tutors: Eng. Moh. Abaza Course Code: EC524

Problem Set #5 Transmission characteristics of optical fibers part 2 (Dispersion types and mechanisms in optical fibers)

I. Solve the following problems

1) A multimode graded index fiber exhibits rms pulse broadening of 0.1 s over a distance of 15 km. Estimate: a. The maximum possible bitrate on the link assuming no intersymbol interference. b. The pulse dispersion per unit length. c. The bitrate-length product. 2) a. A multimode step index fiber gives a rms pulse broadening of 95 ns over a 5 km length. Estimate the bitrate-length product for the fiber when a RZ digital code is used. b. A single-mode step index fiber has a bitrate-length product of 10 Gbps.km. Estimate the rms pulse broadening over a 40 km digital optical link without repeaters consisting of the fiber, and using a RZ digital code. 3) An 8 km optical fiber link without repeaters uses multimode graded index fiber which has a bitrate-length product of 400 Mbps.km. Assume RZ code, estimate the rms pulse broadening on the link. 4) A glass fiber exhibits material dispersion given by 2(d2n1/d 2) of 0.025. Determine the material dispersion parameter at a wavelength of 0.85 m, and estimate the rms pulse broadening per kilometer for a good LED source with an rms spectral width of 20 nm at this wavelength. 5) Estimate the rms pulse broadening per kilometer for the fiber in problem [4] when the optical source used is an injection laser with a relative spectral width / of 0.0012 at a wavelength of 0.85 m. 6) The material dispersion in an optical fiber is defined by d2n1/d 2 is 4.0x10-2 m-2. Estimate the pulse broadening per kilometer due to material dispersion within the fiber when it is illuminated with an LED source with a peak wavelength of 0.9 m and an rms spectral width of 45 nm.

7) The material dispersion parameter for a glass fiber is 20 ps.nm-1.km-1 at a wavelength of 1.5 m. Estimate the pulse broadening due to material dispersion within the fiber when light is launched from an injection laser source with a peak wavelength of 1.5 m and an rms spectral width of 2 nm into a 30 km length of the fiber. 8) A 6 km optical link consists of a multimode step index fiber with a core refractive index of 1.5 and a relative refractive index difference of 1%. Estimate: a. The delay difference between the slowest and fastest modes at the fiber output. b. The rms pulse broadening due to intermodal dispersion on the link. c. The maximum bit rate that may be obtained without substantial errors on the link assuming only intermodal dispersion and the bitrate-length product 9) A multimode step index fiber has a numerical aperture of 0.2 and a core refractive index of 1.47. Estimate the bitrate-length product for the fiber assuming only intermodal dispersion and a RZ code. 10) An 11 km optical fiber link consisting of optimum near parabolic profile graded index fiber exhibits rms intermodal pulse broadening of 346 ps over its length. If the fiber has a relative refractive index difference of 1.5%, estimate the core axis refractive index. Hence, determine the numerical aperture for the fiber. 11) Compare the rms pulse broadening per kilometer due to intermodal dispersion for the multimode step index fiber of problem [8] with the corresponding rms pulse broadening per kilometer for an optimum near parabolic profile graded index fiber with the same core axis refractive index and relative refractive index difference. 12) Estimate the bitrate-length product for the step index fiber of problem [9] considering the rms pulse broadening due to intermodal dispersion within the fiber and comment on the result. Indicate the possible improvement in the bitrate-length product when an optimum near parabolic profile graded index fiber with the same relative refractive index difference and core axis refractive index is used. In both cases, assume only intermodal dispersion within the fiber and assume the use of a RZ code. 13) A multimode step index fiber has a numerical aperture of 0.3 and a core refractive index of 1.45. The material dispersion parameter for the fiber is 250 ps.nm-1.km-1 which makes material dispersion the totally dominating intramodal (chromatic) dispersion mechanism. Estimate: a. The total rms pulse broadening per kilometer when the fiber is used with an LED source of rms spectral width 50 nm. b. The corresponding bitrate-length product for the fiber. 14) A multimode, optimum near parabolic profile graded index fiber has a material dispersion parameter of 30 ps.nm-1.km-1 when used with a good LED source of rms spectral width 25 nm. The fiber has a numerical aperture of 0.4 and a core axis refractive index of 1.48. Estimate the total rms pulse broadening per kilometer within the fiber assuming waveguide dispersion to be negligible. Hence, estimate the bitrate-length product for the fiber.

15) A multimode step index fiber has a relative refractive index difference of 1% and a core refractive index of 1.46. The maximum optical bitrate that may be obtained with a particular source on a 4.5 km link is 3.1 Mbps. a. Determine the rms pulse broadening per kilometer resulting from intramodal (chromatic) dispersion mechanisms. b. Assuming waveguide dispersion may be ignored, estimate the rms spectral width of the source used, if the material dispersion parameter for the fiber at the operating wavelength is 90 ps.nm-1.km-1.