Question 1 State algebraic properties of real numbers.

Question 2 Theorem-: (a) If z and a are elements in with z+a =a, then z=0. (b) If u and b { 0 are elements in with u.b=b,then u=1 (c) If a ,then a.0=0 Question 3 Theorem-: (a) If a { 0 and b in such that a.b=1 then b=1/a. (b) If a.b=0,then either a=o or b=0 Question 4 Theorem-: There does not exist a rational number r such that r 2 =2 Definition-: The order properties of There is a non empty subset P of , called the set of positive real numbers That satisfies the following properties: (1) If a, b belong to P,then a+b belongs to P. (2) If a , b belong to P,then ab belong to P. (3) If a belong to ,then exactly one of the following is true: a P, a=0, -a P Definition-: let a , b be elements of . (a) If a-b P ,then we write a>b or b<a (b) If a-b P _0a,then we write a u b or b e a.

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Question 5 Theorem-: let a , b , c be any elements of . (a) If a>b and b>c , then a>c. (b) If a>b,then a+c >b+c. (c) If a >b and c>0, then ca>cb. If a> b and c<0, then ca<cb. Question 6 Theorem-: (a) If a and a { 0, then a 2 >0. (b)If n , then n>0. Question 7 Theorem-: If a is such that 0 e a< I for every I >0, then a=0. Question 8 Theorem-: If ab>0, then either (1) a>0 and b>0 or (2) a<0 and b<0 Question 9 (a) Let a u o and b u 0.Then a < b a 2 b2 a
b

(b) If a and b are positive real numbers, then

a.b e 1 (a  b) 2

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(c) ,(BERNOULLI S INEQUALITY). if

n x " 1, then   x u nx,  n 1

Question 10 If a , b are real numbers then prove the following. (a) If a+b=o, then a+b=0 ,then b=-a (b) (-a)=a (c) (-1)a=-a, (d) (-1)(-1)=1 (e) (a+b)=(-a)+(-b) (f) ( a).(-b)=a.b (g)

1 !  1 a a

Question 11 If a satisfies a.a=a, prove that either a=o or a=1. Question 12

if a { 0 b { 0 ,show that. 1 ! 1 1 ab a b

Question 13 Show that there does not exist a rational number s such that Question 14 Show that there is no rational whose square is 3. Question 15 Show that sum and product of two rational numbers, is a rational number.
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s 2 =6

Question 16 (a) Prove that if x is rational and y is irrational then x+y is irrational. (b) If x is non zero rational and y is irrational then x.y is irrational. (c) Show that there is no natural number between 0 and 1 (d) Prove that no natural number can be both even and odd (e) If c>1 and m , n are natural numbers ,show that c m " c n m " n . (f) If 0<c<1 and m , n are natural numbers,show that c m c n m " n

Question 17 (a) If a<b and c e d, prove that a+c<b+d. (b) If 0<a<b and 0 e c e d,prove that 0 e a.c e b.d. (c) Show that if a>0 , then
1 1 >0 and !a. a 1 a 1 (d) Show that if a<b , then a a  b b . 2

Question 18

c 1 (b) If 1<c, show that 1 c c2 . (c) If a " 0,b " 0 and n , showthat a b an bn
Absolute value and real line
Definition-:The absolute value of a real number a, denoted by

(a) If 0<c<1,show that 0< c2

a ,is defined by

a a ! o a 

if a "0 if a !0 if a 0
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Question 19 Theorem- : (a)

ab ! a b

for all a, b .

(b) a 2 ! a2 for all a .

(c) if c u 0, then a e c c e a e c. (d )  a e a e a for all a .

Question 20 Theorem-:(Triangle inequality) If

a, b , then a  b e a  b .

Question 21 Corollary-: If

a, b , then

(a) a  b e a  b , (b) a  b e a  b .
Question 22

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let the function f be defined by 2 f ( x) ! 2 x  3x 1 for 2 e x e 3. 2 x 1 find a constt M suchthat f ( x) e M  x 2,3

Definition-:

let a , and let I " 0.thenthe I  neighbourhood of a is the set VI (a) ! _ : x  a I a x

Question 23 Theorem-:

let a .if x belongs to the neighbourhood I ( a) for every I " 0 then x ! a .

Question 24

if a , b and b { 0 then show that (a ) a ! a , b b (b) a ! a2

Question 25

if a, b , sho that a  b ! a  b a.b u 0

Question 26
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if x, y, z and x e z sho that x e y e z x  y  y  z ! x  z int erpret this geometrically.

Qestion 27

Show that x  a I a I x a  I .
Question 28

if a x b and a y b , sho that x  y b  a .

Question 29

Find all x that satisfy the following inequallities. (a) 4 x  5 e13 (b) x2 1 e 3. (c) x 1  x  2 ! 7 (d ) x 1 " x 1. (e) x  x 1 2
Question 30

( f ) 4 x  2  x 1 5

Determine and sketch the points  x, y in 2 that satisfy : (a) x ! y (b) x  y !1 (c) x.y ! 2 (d ) x  y ! 2 (e) x e y ( f ) x  y e1 ( g ) x. y e 2 (h) x  y u 2
Question 31

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let I " 0 and H " 0, and a . Show that VI (a) I VH (a) and VI (a) UVH (a)
are K  neoghbourhoods of a for so e appropriate values of K

Question 32

let a, b , such that a { b , Sho that there exists I " 0 such that VI (a) I VI (b) ! .
Question 33

Show that if a, b then (a) max _ ,ba 1   b  a  b a ! a 2 (b) min _ , ba 1   b  a  b a ! a 2 (c) min _ , b, ca min _ _ , baca a ! min a , .

Supre um,infimum and completness property of

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Definition-: let S be a nonempty subset of (a) The set S is said to be bounded above if there exists a number u such that s e u for all s S. Each such number u is called an upper bound of S. (b) The set S is said to be bounded below if there exists a number w such that w e s for all s S. Each such number w is called a lower bound of S. (c) A set is said to be bounded if it is both bounded above and bounded below.A set is said to be unbounded if it is not bounded. Definition : let S be a nonempty subset of . (a) If S is bounded above, then a number u is said to be supremum (or a least upper bound) of S if it satisfies the conditions: (1) u is an upper bound of S,and (2) if v is any upper bound of S,then u e v. (b) If S is bounded below, then a number w is said to be an infimum (or a greatest lower bound) of S if it satisfies the conditions: (1) w is a lower bound of S,and (2) if t is any lower bound of S, then t e w.

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lemma-:A number u is the supremum o a nonempty subset o iff u satisfies the conditions: (1) s e u  s , (2) If v<u, then  sd such that v<sd . lemma-: An upper bound u of a nonempty set in is the supremum of if and only if for every I >0  an sI such that u-I <sI . The completeness property of  : very nonempty set of real number that has an upper bound also has a supremum in . Question 34 . x (a) let = _ : x u 0a sho in deatail that the set has 1 1 lo er bounds, but no upper bounds. sho that infS =0 1 x (b) let S = _ : x " 0a .does S has an upper bound?, 2 2 does it has a lo er bound? Does supS exist? Does infS exist?. 2 2 1 (c) let S = : n . sho that supS =1,inf S u 0. n 3 3 3

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Question 35 let S be any nonempty subset of that is bounded belo . prove that infS=-sup_ s : s S a .  Question 36 if a set S contains one of its upper bounds, sho that this upper bound is the supremum of S. Question 37 let S be nonempty. sho that u is an upper bound of S if and only if the conditions t and t " u t S. Question 38 let S be nonempty.sho that u ! supS . (1)  n , u  1 is not an upper bound of S n (2)  n , u  1 is an upper bound of S. n

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Question 39 Sho that if A and B are bounded subsets of . then A B is a bounded subset of . sho that sup(A B) ! sup(supA,supB). Question 40 let S be a bounded subset of and let S be a nonempty subset of S 0 then infS e infS e supS e supS. 0 0 Question 41 let S and suppose that s* ! supS,and that s* . if u S. sho that sup S _ua ! sup *,u . s

Question 42 Sho that a nonempty finite set S contains its supremum.

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Question 43 Archimedean property-: if x , there exists nx such that nx " x. Question 44 Corollary-: if S ! 1 : n , then infS ! 0 n Question 45 Corollary-: if t " 0,there exists nt such that 1 0< n < t. t Question 46 Corollary-: if y " 0 ,there exists n y such that n y 1e y e n y . Question 47 There exists a positive real number x such that x2 ! 2.

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Question 48 Theorem-:(Density theorem) if x and y are any real numbers x y, then there exists rational number r such that x r y. Question 49 orollary-: if x and y are real numbers ith x y, then there exists an irrational number z such that x z y. Question 50 (a) sho that sup  1 : n ! 1 1 n 1 1 (b) if S !  m : n, m . find inf S and sup S. n Question 51 let S be a nonempty bounded set in . as (a) let a " 0, and let aS ! _ : s S aprove that . inf(aS ) ! a inf(S ). sup(aS ) ! a sup(S ). bs (b) let b 0, and let bS ! _ : s S aprove that . inf(bS ) ! b sup(S ), sup(bS ) ! b inf S . Question 52 let X be nonempty set and let f : X p have bounded range in . if a , sho that sup _  f ( x): x X a a  sup_f (x): x X a ! a
! a also that inf _  f ( x): x X a a  inf _f ( x): x X a Question 53 let A and B be bounded nonempty subsets of . a and let A  B ! _  b :a A and b Ba . prove that sup(A+B) ! sup( A)  sup(B ) and inf( A  B ) ! inf( A) inf(B )
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Question 54 Given any x , show that  a unique n such that n 1e x n. Question 55 if y " 0, show that  n such that 1 y. 2n Question 56 if a " 0, then show that there exists a positive real number z such that z2 a. Question 57 show that  a positive real number u such that u3 ! 2. Question 58 if u " 0 is a real number andx y ,show that  a rational number r such that x ru y. Question 59 (Characterization theorem)-: if S is a subset of that contains at least two points and has the property if x , y S and x y then x, y S, then S is an interval.

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