Govt of karnataka Department of technical education Automobile engineering Fourth semester Fuels and Pollution Control Hours/week: 4 Slno

TOPIC ANALYSIS Contents PART-A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Fuels PART-B Alternative Fuels PART-C Combustion chambers and stratification Automobile pollution & control Emission standards Seminars Test & Revisions Total 06 12 02 04 04 64 15 35 05 --145 18 45 18 45 Total Hours - 64 Hrs No of hrs Weight marks

GENERAL EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 Understand types of fuel and their uses Understand the Alternate fuels Understand various calorimeters Understand the stratified engines Understand the pollution their effects and control methods Understand BHARAT and EURO Emission standards

CONTENT DETAILS

1.0 Fuels Introduction, Types of fuel, structure of petroleum, Petroleum refining, products of, refining process, Heat values of fuels, Types of calorimeter, simple problems on calorific , value, requirements of fuels for S.I & C.I. Engine, Knock rating of S.I engine, Rating of .I C Engine fuels, LPG as S.I Engine fuels Additives of fuel. 2.0 Alternative fuels Introduction Need of alternative fuels, classifications, barriers in implementing alternative fuels. Gaseous alternative fuels. Introduction, properties, fuels kits, combustion, emissions and advantages and disadvantages of LPG, CNG and Hydrogen. Bio fuels. Introduction, properties, fuels kits, combustion, emissions and advantages and disadvantages of methanol, ethanol and bio diesel. 3.0 Combustion chambers and Stratified Engines Combustion chambers in SI & CI engines, definition of stratification and its types, types of stratified engines, advantages and disadvantages of stratified engines. 4.0 Pollution and its control Introduction, Types of pollution, pollutants from gasoline engine, control of gasoline engine emission, Diesel emission, control of diesel engine emission. 5.0 Emission standards Emission standards, Euro norms & Bharat norms.

SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1.0 Fuels 1.1 Know about basic requirements of fuels for I.C Engines

1.2 Know the different types of fuels, advantages and disadvantages of each fuel 1.3 Explain the structure of petroleum 1.4 Explain the process of refining crude oil 1.5 Know the important products of refining process 1.6 Define Heat value, Higher calorific value, lower calorific value 1.7 Know the different types of calorimeter 1.8 Explain the Bomb Calorimeter and Junkers gas calorimeter 1.9 Solve problems on calorific value. 1.10 Know the basic requirement of S.I Engine fuel 1.11 Know the rating of S.I. Engine fuels 1.12 Define Octane number 1.13 Know the basic requirements of C.I. Engine 1.14 Know the rating of C.I. Engine fuels 1.15 Define Cetane number 1.16 Know the types of additives used to improve combustion performance of fuels 2.0 Alternative fuels Introduction 2.1 Explain the need of alternative fuels. 2.2 Classify alternative fuels. 2.3 Explain the barriers in implanting alternative fuels. Gaseous alternative fuels 2.4 Give introduction to LPG. 2.5 Mention properties of LPG. 2.6 List different methods of storing of LPG. 2.7 Explain engine LPG fuel kit. 2.8 Explain the process of LPG combustion 2.9 Explain the LPG emissions. 2.10 Mention the advantages and disadvantages of LPG. 2.11 Give introduction to CNG. 2.12Mention properties of CNG. 2.13 List different methods of storing of CNG. 2.14 Explain the process of CNG combustion 2.15 Explain the CNG emissions. 2.16 Mention the advantages and disadvantages of CNG. 2.17 Give introduction to hydrogen. 2.18 Mention properties of hydrogen. 2.19 List different methods of production of hydrogen. 2.20 Explain electrolysis method of hydrogen production. 2.21 List different methods of storing hydrogen 2.22 Mention the advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen. Bio-fuels. 2.23 Give introduction to Bio fuels. 2.24 Mention different Bio fuels. 2.25 List the properties of methanol.

2.26 Explain the emissions of methanol. 2.27 Mention advantages and disadvantages of methanol. 2.28 List the properties of ethanol. 2.29 Explain the emissions of ethanol. 2.30 Mention advantages and disadvantages of ethanol. 2.31 List the raw matireals for bio diesel. 2.32 Explain the methods of bio diesel production. 2.33 List the properties of bio diesel. 2.34 Explain bio diesel emissions. 2.35 Mention advantages and disadvantages of bio diesel. 3.0 Combustion Chambers and stratification 3.1 Explain constructional details of SI engine combustion chambers 3.2 Explain the constructional of CI engine Combustion chambers 3.3 Definition of stratification 3.4 Types of stratification 3.5 Explain the different types of stratified engine 3.6 Advantages and disadvantages of stratified engines 4.0 Pollution 4.1 Define Air pollution 4.2 Know the effects of pollutants on living system such as human, plants, animals and building. 4.3 Explain the main sources of pollutants from S.I Engine 4.4 Explain the different methods of controlling the pollution from S.I Engine in detail. a) Engine design modification b) Treatment of exhaust gas (With neat sketches) c) Fuel modification 4.5 Explain the main sources of pollutants from C.I Engine 4.6 Explain the causes of diesel smoke 4.7 Explain the necessity of controlling diesel smoke 4.8 Mention the different methods of measurement of smoke intensity. Explain each one of them (smoke meters) 4.9 Understand the mechanism of diesel odour and mention how it can be control. 5.0 Emission standards 5.1 Know the meaning of emission standards. 5.2 Overview of emission standards in India. 5.3 Overview of emission standards Abroad. 5.4 Bharat & Euro Emission standards in 2, 3, 4 wheeler petrol & diesel vehicles. REFERENCE BOOKS 1. A course in I.C Engine - M.L. Mathur and R.P. Sharma

2. I.C Engines 3. Automobile Engineering 4. Automobile Engineering 5. I.C Engines 6. Automobile Engg (V-I, engines) 7. Thermal Engineering 8. Alternative fuels 9. Alternative fuel Technology

- H.B. KESHWANI - K.M. Gupta - Ganeshan - R.C. Patel and Karamchandani - Anil Chikara - R S Kurmi & J K Gupta - S S Thipse. Jaico publications - Erjavec and Arias CENAGE Learning

Department of technical education Diploma course in automobile engineering Fourth semester MODEL QUESTION PAPER Subject : FUELS AND POLLUTION CONTROL Max Time : 3Hrs Max. Marks : 100 Note : a) Question number 1 is compulsory b) Answer any two full questions from Part A, B and C No. 1 (a) Fill up the blanks with appropriate word/words 1x5=5 i) Heat value of diesel may be in the range of ______________ ii) Calorific value of Methanol is _______________ iii) Thermal efficiency of S.I Engine is usually in the range of __________

iv) Bosch smoke meter is used to check ______________ v) Bomb calorimeter is used to check calorific value of ______________ (b) What are the safe limits of different pollutants stipulated by law? PART - A Q.No. 2 (a) Mention the different types of fuel and state the advantages of liquid fuel and gaseous fuel. (b) Explain the process of refining crude oil. Q.No. 3 (a) Define Octane number. (b) Explain with neat sketch construction and working of Junker's gas calorimeter. Q.No. 4 (a) What are the requirements of fuel for compression ignition engine? (b) Solve one problem on calorific value. PART B Q.No. 5 (a) Classify different alternatives fuels (b) Explain the need of alternative fuels Q.No. 6 (a) List the properties of CNG (b) Explain CNG fuel kit Q.No. 7 (a) What are advantages and disadvantages of Ethanol? (b) Explain Biodiesel emissions PART C

5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 05 10 5 10

Q.No. 8 (a) Explain different Bharat emission standards 5 (b) What is meant by crank case blow-by? What are the methods of controlling it? 10 Q.No. 9 (a) Mention the causes of diesel smoke? What are the ways of controlling diesel smoke? 10 (b) Name the different types of instrument used for smoke measurements. 5 Q.No. 10 (a) What is the cause and mechanism of diesel odor? 5 (b) Explain with neat sketch the working of Bosch smoke meter. 10