مقدمة في الترجمة

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eviri Teknii,Yarmal,E.Sabri.AnkaraNobel 2002 -
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Forster "
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Prochazka "
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Justin O'Brien " :
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edebi zevk
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Jakobson :
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- :Yazl eviri
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- :Szl eviri
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: :At-Sight Interpreting
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: :zlemeli eviri
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: :Simultene eviri

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: :kili eviri
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- :Szlksel anlam

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... .
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- :Metin anlam

... .
. gbek " " " " .
:
gbek atma
gbek ba

gbek balamak

gbeinde olmak

ak " " " " . :
gbek dans
harsh " " " " . :
:
- :Mecazi anlam

. :
.
" "
. :
The football world cup will be held at USA in coming June.
:
- :Suggestive Meaning
. :
On seeing the ghost, they stood motionless.
motionless .
. .
:

.

eviri Teknikleri
.
:
- :Transliterasyon
:
intifada
jihad
:
technology
democracy
) ( .Arabicization
- :
:
candid camera

contact lenses

:
haste makes waste

still water runs deep

- :Formal Correspondent
:

to float currency
the first lady
to launder money
) (
cold war

the premier
) (
black market


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Cleary
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" " .
. Cleary
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Savory . " :

" . Savory
.
" " .faithfulness

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Dil Nida " " .

Nida .
.
Dil
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Nida
. Nida . "
" "
" . " "
Nida
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McGuire " " "
" . McGuire Nida "
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Newmark .
Newmark . Newmark
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Nida Leipzig ".
Newmark "
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eviri Kurallar
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Sabah saatlerinde ie geldim,daha sonar akamleyin otele geri dndm.
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Babam retmendir
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Uygun anlam seme
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. .
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"" "" denizalt
.

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:
- section
- record
authority agency - organization
.

. :
Dozens of people were killed.
dozen " " " " . " :
"!! " " .
:
.
plot . " " . :
snake
serpent house home .

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-
Kltr ayrl

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" " " " " " " " " "
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" intifada .
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Newmark "
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Szck kullanm
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.
:
INFORMAL
FORMAL
home
abode
building
edifice
poor
impecunious
enough
sufficient
dead
deceased
drink
beverage
clothes
garments
start / begin
commence
look into
investigate

find out
ascertain
stop
desist
try
endeavor
tell
notify
use
employ
live
dwell
live
reside

put up with
tolerate

read
peruse

think
deem
open
inaugurate

use
utilize

find out
discover
give
furnish

end
terminate
-
Gender
.
. :
yeni bir kitap
yeni bir dergi

.

. :
kadn
adam
kz
erkek
anne
baba
Kz karde
karde
kral
kralie
.
.
: Generic Name Name of Male
Name of Female .Name of Young
dog cow .
foal colt.filly
:
-
Say
: . :
. . .
.
-
Zaman
" ".
"Tense is the correspondence (relationship) between the FORM of VERB and our own CONCEPT
of TIME; past, present or future".
:
He likes / takes present
He liked / took past
the perfect ... the progressive
auxiliaries to be .to have
.
. shall will
modal auxiliaries can may .
) shall ( will
.
will :
:
I will come if you ask me
:
She will sit for hours
:
That will be John
:
Oil will float on water
shall threat :promise

You shall have it tomorrow
The teacher shall punish me
shall will .
:
I am flying to Paris tomorrow
I am going to ask you a question

Term starts on Monday
/
He is about to speak
will shall .
ex-
wife fiance grandfather

!pluperfect
:
Past Simple: He came yesterday.
Past Progressive: He was coming yesterday.
Past Perfect: He had come the day before.
Past Perfect Progressive: He had been coming the day before.
reported speech
sequence of tenses :
He said he went to London everyday.
:
I go to London everyday.
went said said
. present tense
:
The ancient Greeks discovered that the world is round, but Romans maintained that it was flat.
is was .
is was .
.
:
: :
: :
I wanted to ask you something.

?Could you pass me the salt
I wish I knew.
I wish I had one.
: :
If John comes, I shall leave. Real
If John came, I should leave. Unreal
) came ( should
.
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. " " "
" . " " " " .
.
:

.
:
I had breakfast at seven this morning.
:
I have had my breakfast.
:
John arrived at four this afternoon.
:
John is here now.
:
We learned that yesterday / We found that out yesterday.
:
We know that

:
Shakespeare depicted Hamlet as indecisive.
:
Shakespeare depicts Hamlet as indecisive.

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.

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:
He arrived
:
He is here now
:
I understood / I caught on
:
I understand
" " he is here " " I understand
.

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:
He studies
He studied
He will study
He is studying
/ He was studying
/ He will be studying
He has studied
He had studied
He will have studied
:
Allah was, is and will be forgiving
" " . :
Allah is Oft-Forgiving
:
:

I know you to be honest
:
- :

I have known him to be honest
. :

:
Ali did not come
.
:

:
The lazy will not succeed
.
.
)(
The Verb
:
:
o base form: walk / eat
o "-s" form: walks / eats
o past tense form: walked / ate
o present participle (-ing) form: walking / eating
o past participle form: walked / eaten
form tense
.
present participle (-ing) form past participle form
.:
There's a broken window in the kitchen.
.
Most of people singing were women.

.
) ( infinitive form .non-finite forms of the verb
:

. :
He deals the cards

He deals with problem

:
He looks for the book

He looks at the book

:
He relies on his friends

His poverty deprived him of schooling

. :
to discuss
" " :
" "
:
to authorize / to sanction
" "
:
" " :
" "
:
:
" " :
" " :
to look for
to depend on
to attend
to come to
to acquire / to obtain / to get
" "
to permit

. )
... ( . :
.
They discussed many topics, among them peace in the Middle East.
.
They looked for your pencil in every classroom.

. " " to help (someone) :
" " .to help (someone) in (doing something) : :
?Did the book help you

!
!Yes, it helped me in teaching
" "
" " . :
)to listen (to
) (
)to inform (of
) (
)to participate (in
) (
( )
( )
to help (in)
to work (for)
-
Collocation
" :
".

:
- :
- :
- :
heavy labor
runaway inflation
economic situation
inflationary pressures
nerve cell
government securities
eyeball
To pay a visit
To score a victory
To read a paper
To attend a lecture
To tender (one's) resignation
To deliver a speech
. noun
.

.
collocation .
:
....
" "
.
. " " " "
:
heavy smoker
:
big smoker
" ".
" :
free of charge
:
free of cost / payment / etc.
" " :
strong coffee
powerful coffee
" : " " " " " "
" ....
collocation
:
)to crow (cocks
) (
)to miaow/mew (cats
) (
)to hoot (owls
) (
)to bark (dogs
) (
)to roar (lions
) (
:
a loaf of bread

a knob of butter

a slice / piece of cake
/
a bar / piece / square of chocolate
) (
a bolt / length / piece of cloth
" " /
a lump of coal

an ear / sheaf of corn

a speck / particle of dust

a wisp / bank / patch of fog

a sliver / splinter of glass

a blob of glue

a blade of grass

a lock / strand / wisp / tuft / mop / shock of hair
/
a bale of hay
/
a piece / area of land

a ray / beam / shaft of light

a dose of medicine

a sum of money

a piece / scrap of paper

a grain of rice

a coil / length / piece of rope
/
a grain / pinch of salt

a grain of sand

a cloud / blanket / column / puff / wisp of smoke

a flake / blanket of snow

a bar / cake of soap

a slab / block of stone

a grain / lump of sugar
/
a bead / drop of sweat

a reel of tape

a reel / strand of thread

a blob of wax

a grain / sheaf of wheat

a strand / piece / length of wire
/
:
an army of ants

a swarm of bees
:
a flock / flight of birds

a herd of cattle

a litter of cubs
:
a herd of deer

a school of dolphins

a herd of elephants

a shoal of fish
/
a gaggle of geese

a herd / flock of goats

a pack of hounds

a swarm / colony of insects
/
a litter of kittens
:
a pride of lions

a troop of monkeys

a litter of puppies
:
a flock of sheep

a pack of wolves

:
a company / troupe of actors
/
a bunch of amateurs

a wad / roll of banknotes
/
a hail of bullets

a batch of cakes

a pack / deck of cards

a clutch of eggs

a team / panel of experts
/
a sea of faces
) (
a squadron of fighter planes

a bunch / bouquet of flowers

a bunch / cluster of grapes

a bunch of keys
a sheaf / bundle of papers
) (

a spate of protests

a team / crowd / gaggle of reporters
/ /
a spate of rumors

a fleet of ships

a flight of steps

a gang of terrorists

a gang / band / pack of thieves

a party of tourists
/
a clump of trees

an army of volunteers

-
Deyimler
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When you get a shame, away go from eyes
:
When the ass kicks, never tell
:
:
Empty hands lead to / cause sadness
:
A light purse makes heavy heart
. :
: "."yuppie
: ) Indian summer
(.
" : TL
".
:
to take the gloves off

to rain cats and dogs

to pay through the nose

to bring (one's) heart into his mouth

to take the cake
) (
to smell a rat

to have no stomach

to lose (one's) temper
/
to be in advance

to move heaven and earth

behind one's back

to clear the air

strike while the iron is hot

a chip off the old block

to give one his head

diamonds cut diamonds

out of sight, out of mind
always has been, always will be

if you want a thing well done, do it yourself

divide and rule

east or west, home is best
charity begins at home
) (Nida
.
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:
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:
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.
" " Idiomatic

.expression
:
- .
- .
- .
:
. . . ./ .
. .. ...
. . . .. -
. .. . .
2
3
4
) ) (ataszleri (proverb
. :
:
) (
)(
: .
. . .
. .. .. .
5
6

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contextual expression

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. .. .. .
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8
9

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- -

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. . ...
. ... ..
10
11

:
- .
- .
- .
.
:
- .
-
.
- .
-
.
- .

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:
- .
-
-
"
" White House " " " "Beyaz Saray.
. .
12
. .-.
. . . ./ .
13
. . . .. -
14

.

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-
Ksaltmalar

.

:

:

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.

)( )
(Food and Agriculture :

(

)Organization((Birlemi Milletler Gda ve Tarm Tekilat :

) (Law of Parsimony
.
:
.
.

(UN): ) (UNITED NATIONS"
" ) (Birlemi Milletler) (BM) (UNESCO (United :
) Nations Educational ,Scientific ,and Cultural Organization "
" (Birlemi Milletler Eitim Bilim ve Kltr
).rgt

) (BOP ) (BYK ORTADOU PROJES ):
( ) (YTL ) (Yeni
Trk Liras ) (
.

.

:
" word compound noun
phrase " . ""g
" "gram ."25 g" : " "BBC
" ."British Broadcasting Corporation
.

. " "cont. ""contd.
"."continued
:
: :
m= meter
p.= page
F= Fahrenheit
N= North
: :
continued
usually
volume
British
=cont.
=usu.
=vol.
=Brit.
Honorable
=Hon.
) (
Thurs.= Thursday

: :
asst.= assistant
dept.= department

=jct
junction

=km
kilometer

tbsp.= tablespoonful

=Sgt
sergeant

:
: :
MP
Member of Parliament

CD
compact disc

HRH His/Her Royal Highness

USA United States of America

VIP very important person

rmp
revolutions per minute

" "a " "an .
.
:
Bachelor of Science
:
BSc
: .
" : ."acronyms :
BASIC Beginner's
All-purpose
Symbolic
Instruction Code
:
Organization of Petroleum Exporting

Countries

teaching English as a foreign language

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

acquired immune deficiency syndrome

OPEC
TEFL
NATO
AIDS

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:

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. :
The structural imbalances of world economy, the inequities of per capita income against GNP and
GDP, the inadequacies of economic machinery and the deficiencies of economic laws are mainly
attributed to narrow-minded policies in some countries.
GNP GDP . :

.
-
Compound Nouns
.
nouns : verbs adjectives .adverbs compound
nouns affixes
.
" +
".
"A compound noun is a noun plus noun (N+N) combination, in which the second element is the
head (H) of construction and the first element is a kind of modifier (M)".
modifier " :
" . :
: Adjective:
fierce dog
.
: Adverb:
the dog barked loudly
.
: Phrase:
the dog with a long tail
.

.
:
- :two words
post office

Health Care

- :hyphenated word
attention-getter

- :one word
mailman

postman


.
meaning-relationship
. :
shoe polish

forest fire

armchair

moonlight

.
. :
:
race horse

:
horse race

:
pocket watch

:
) ( watch pocket
.
. "
." adjective plus noun
. Rule "
".
"Any adjective plus noun construction is potentially ambiguous".
"."the-ing form compound noun
) present participle (ing " " )gerund (ing
" " . .
) " " ( .
:
dancing teacher
dancing : noun " " )
( . adjective " " ) (
.
:
flying field
flying : " " .
" " .
:
swimming suit
swimming " " . " "
.
:
They are moving vans.
. main verb are moving
vans . :

are moving :

:
:
They are hunting dogs.

are hunting dogs . :

are hunting .
noun
.adjective :
English Teacher
English : :
" "
:
" "
:
dark room
dark :
" "
:
" "
:
Black board
black :
" "
:
" "
. :
football game

basketball playground

life assurance policy

. :
French language conference
) ( )
(
:foreign car dealers : the new :
:house furniture :the excellent director's secretary :

.

.
.

head of construction modifier .
:

" " " " . :
seven-year-long talks
:

:
a ten-page report
:

the French-educated woman

peace loving forces

widening gap

Chamber of Commerce Annual Convention

Cairo International Book Fair

T.V. Gulf war survey

next month parliamentary elections
:
Purpose of Activity:
To provide urban governorate Management Information System (MIS) department heads with
an opportunity to examine and discuss the administration of computer centers and the management
use of computer-based information systems designed to assist local administration and local
development programs with counterparts in other countries which have analogous development
experience and needs.
:
:

.
-
Ekler
.affixes
prefix
suffix
.

.
. .

.
:
anti/dis/establish/ment/ari/an/ism
" : " .
.
.
happy " " adjective .
un- unhappy " "
adjective . -ness happiness
" " .noun
) ( .
:
: :Prefix
.
.
:
"anti-" - " / " :

/

antisocial
antiseptic
antifreeze
"bi-" -:
" - " ...:
/

" - / " :

bi-monthly
bi-annual
bilingual
bicentric
"dis-" - " " :

disbelieve
/
disagree
/
disappear
disappoint

dislike
disorder

disable

"ex-" -:
" - " :

/
" - " :

export
extract
ex-wife
ex-president
"in-" - :
insane

inconvenient

. " "il-
":"l
illegal

illogical

" "im- ":"p
impossible
improper

" "ir- ":"r
irreligious

irresponsible
"mal-" - " / " :

malnutrition

maladministration

malpractice

maltreat

"mis-" - " " :
misdirect

misbehave

misunderstand

mismanagement

mistrust

miscalculate

"post-" - " " :

postwar
postgraduate
"pre-" - " " :

premature
pre-record
prearrange
"re-" - " / " :

"un-" - :
- " " :

reassure
rebroadcast
rebuild
recount
rejoin
rearrange
redial
unable
unimportant
unmarried
uncommon
unqualified
untruth
unfair
- " / " :

-
uncover
unpack
untie
: :Suffix
.
. " "-less
.
grammar .meaning
:
- :Derivational
) ... ( . " "-or actor
.
- :Inflectional
. " "-s .
.
:
""actor + s
) (
) ( :
: :
- " "-ment :
argument

disappointment

payment
: " -tion/-sion" -
invention
relation
confusion
discussion
: " -ation/-ition" -
limitation

declaration

composition

competition
: " -ance/-ence" -
issuance
insurance
dependence

reference
-
visitor
governor
owner
manager
: " -or/-er" -
: " -ship" -
friendship
leadership
membership
neighborhood
adulthood
brotherhood
kindness
: " -hood" -
: " -ness" -

thickness
foolishness
- " "-ty/-ity :

-
: :
- " "-less :
- " "-ful :

-
cruelty
loyalty
oddity
equality
careless
hopeless
childless
thoughtless
doubtful
peaceful
plentiful
- " "-al :

formal
original
accidental
- " "-y :

healthy
hungry
guilty
- " "-ous/-ious/-eous :
dangerous

glorious

courageous
- " "-ical/-ic :

atomic
poetic
economical
historical
- " "-able/-ible :
agreeable
favorable

responsible

convertible

- " "-ive :
attractive
progressive
selective
: :
- " "-en :

-
hasten
soften
threaten
- " "-ise/-ize :
privatize

computerize

legalize

- " "-ify :

: :
- " "-ly :

simplify
purify
beautify
safely
quickly
dangerously
-
Noktalama
" :
".

.
.

.
.
:
He entered the room expecting to find his guest, but found - an empty room.
" " " " . :
.
:
While feeling his way in the dark, thunderbolts fell unceasingly over his head.
" ":
.
:
It is indeed hard to overestimate the value of language in communication but it is even harder
to
tied to the very process of thought.
. " : " " ":
/
.
:
The OAU conference recommended that domestic investment should be enhanced and that tourism
and other hard currency resources should be promoted, particularly as capital inflows into the
continent are diminishing; limiting its capacity to industrialize.
diminishing " /
" :

)
/ ( .
.
. .
:
Several countries in the Sahel, after the stimulus of earlier years provided by a gradual recovery
from the long drought and by parallel diversification efforts, suffered a significant setback in 1978
because of renewed drought conditions.
) ( .
.
:

.
:
Nervously, they await the supreme accolade: a visit from the patron of the London Gardens
Scheme.
.
" " :
.
.
:

.
" " . :
Some countries are chronically mismanaged; wrong government policies would destroy the-then
vigorous nation.
-
Style
.

. :
: .
:
The Government and People of Kuwait
:

. :

.
:
Heart is governed and directed by passion
:

:

.
: .
:
In his speech on the state of security in the Gulf, the American Secretary of Defence declared
:
...
. :
...
:
:
:
Since it took its course, the Nile River flows into the Mediterranean Sea.

:
Convinced that something was wrong, the director decided to investigate the matter further.
:
.
:
.
:
In his speech delivered yesterday, the President stressed the need to
... .
In his small-sized book, the author touched on the rules of translation.
.
: " : " " "
" "and " "or . :
Ahmed bought books, pens, cards and notebooks.
:
.
) (.
.
:
.
: adverbs
" : " " : " " " "
" " ".
" : " " " "
" " " . .
:
Oil has gushingly welled out.
:

:

.
:
. auxiliary main
verb . :
The clouds have soon faded away.
:

: .
:
:
.by
. by " "
. :
The notes were written by the committee.
:
.
.
" " :
.
) ( .
:

. :
English is spoken all over the world.
:
.
:
.
:

.
. :
The law was twice amended.
:

:
.
:
:
- " " against . :
We will fight against the enemy.

:
The parents should vaccinate their children against cholera.

:
The judgment was against him.

. .
" "
" : " . :

:

- cover .
" " . . :
KUNA correspondent covered the news of the Yemeni war.
:

.
" : " . :

- reach .
:
The Egyptian Minister of Information reached Kuwait yesterday evening.
:

" "reach . " "
. " " .:

- via :
via means of communication

:

:
I sent a message to him via Ahmed.
:

:

- " " according . :
POW's will be transferred on Sunday, according to the news agencies.
:

" "
" " " " " " .:

. :

:
:
:
The meeting will be held tomorrow, according to the British officials.

:
:
:
According to George, she's really good teacher.

- cancel " ":
The agreement shall be cancelled as from Friday evening.

" " " " .
" " . " "
" " . :

- still " " .:
:
Meetings are still convened in the Security Council.

Efforts are still exerted to heal the breach in Lebanon.

" " . :

. " " " " " "
" " . :


.

.
:

misafir
eser
hala
zahmet
)(
esrar
iklim
tuhaf
teklif
fakat
hazr
afak
dikkat
ihtilal
iltifat

) (
) ( .

.
.
:
retmen geldi. .

.
.
.:
: Yal retmen geldi. .
) (
.
: Okulun yal retmeni geldi. :
.
:
:Okulun yal retmeni stanbul'dan geldi .
:
:Okulun yal retmeni stanbul'dan Ankara'ya geldi. .
:
:Okulun yal retmeni bugn stanbul'dan Ankara'ya geldi.
.
:
:Okulun yal retmeni bugn stanbul'dan Ankara'ya sevinli geldi.
.
Okulun yal retmeni bugn stanbul'dan Ankara'ya olu ile sevinli geldi.
.
Okulun yal retmeni bugn stanbul'dan Ankara'ya olu ile sevinli olarak yorulmadan geldi.
.
Okulun yal retmeni bugn trenle stanbul'dan Ankara'ya olu ile sevinli olarak yorulmadan
geldi.
.
. . : -
Cimri
Ammr okula gitmeden nce annesinden harln vermesini
istedi. Annesi;"Ben nereden para getireyim? Babandan iste!" dedi.
Ammr kzp okula harlksz gitti.
Ertesi gn Ammr, babasndan gnlk harln istedi. Babas
be kuru verdi.
Ammr;"Bu yetmez baba!" dedi.
Babas;"Okuldan dndnde bundan daha ok veririm sana." dedi.
Ammr teneffste sandvi yiyip, meyve suyu ien arkadalarna
bakarak bir paket biskvi ald.
Akam babas dndnde;
"Akam yemei yemeden uyursan, yirmi kuru vereceim." dedi.
Ammr;"Tamam baba." dedi.
Ammr sabahleyin uyannca babas ona;
"Yirmi kuru demedike st iemeyeceksin!" dedi.
Ammr;"Teekkrler baba! Ben st sevmem." dedi.
Mteahhit ve i
Mustafa memleketinde tannan bir mteahhittir. Kklnde arzusu
hakim
ya
da
avukat
olmakt.
Ancak
babasnn
vefat,
bunu
gerekletirmesini engelledi. Bina ve apartmanlar yapmaya yneldi.

Mustafa inaat sahasnda bir tur att. almayan bir ii grd. i kh
gkyzne bakyordu, kh da alan dier iileri seyrediyordu.
Yzne sinirli sinirli bakp yle dedi:
"Tembel birini istemiyorum."
i konumaya alt; ancak Mustafa szn kesti ve cebinden bir miktar
para karp iiye vererek;
"Birey duymak istemiyorum. Kovuldun. Bu da geen haftaki cretin."
dedi.
i paray ald ve yoluna koyuldu. Bu arada Mustafa ustabana gitti ve ona
olan anlatt.
ef yle dedi:
"Yaptn gzel bir ey. Ancak sana bu iinin bizim iilerden olmadn,
yalnzca i istemek iin geldiini sylemek isterim."
Sait ve Ali
Sait bayramn geliine sevinip yeni elbiselerini giyerek bayram
namazn klmak iin babasyla birlikte camiye gitti.
Namazdan sonra bayram hutbesini dinlemeye balad.
Eve dnerlerken Sait, arkada Ali'nin alayarak annesine yle
dediini duydu:
"Bayrama kmayacam!
istemiyorum."
Bayrama
kmayacam!
Bu
gmlei
Annesi onu kucaklayarak;

"nmzdeki bayram
yavrucuum." dedi.
sana
yeni
elbiseler
satn
alacam
Sait zlmt. Babasna;"Ben de bayrama kmayacam baba." dedi.

Babas glmseyip;"Arkadan Ali'ye yeni elbiseler satn alacam
yavrucuum." dedi.
Sait yeni elbiseleri arkada Ali'ye hediye etti. Birlikte mutlu bir bayram
geirdiler.
Babamn Meslei
Halil'in babas temizlik iisidir. Caddeleri ve kaldrmlar sprp
Temizler.Halit arkadalariyle birlikte okulun bahesinde oynarken
arkada Alyyan'a arpt. Aliyyn ona;
"Dikkat etsene pnn olu!" dedi.
Halit arkada Aliyyn'a kzp oyunu brakt. zgn bir ekilde bir kenara
oturdu.
Beden eitimi retmeni yanna geldi ve ona; "Neden oyunu braktn
Halit?" dedi.
Halit retmene cevap vermedi. Bunun zerine retmen Bsil'e sordu.
Basl cevap verdi:
"Aliyyn, Halit'i babasnn iiyle ayplad."
Daha sonraki beden eitimi dersinde retmen rencilere;
"lerin ve mesleklerin en gzeli hangisidir?" diye sordu.
Her renci babasnn mesleinin en gzeli olduu cevabn verdi.
retmen;
"Btn meslekler topluma bir hizmet sunar. u i ya da bu i arasnda bir
fark yoktur." deyip bu kez yle sordu:
"Topluma faydas olmayan bir meslek bilen var m?"
Btn renciler sustu. Aliyyn arkada Halit ile ilgili yanl yaptnn
farkna vard ve ayaa kalkarak;
"zr dilerim Halit. Babann ii olmazsa hastalklar ve pislikler yaylrd.
Btn meslekler topluma bir hizmet sunar." dedi.
Mutlu Yolculuk
retmen rencilerin nnde durarak onlara yle dedi:
"Otobs geldi. Srayla ve dzenli bir ekilde ilerleyin!"
renciler yolculuk duasn tekrarlayarak ark
syleyip Iklayarak otobse bindiler. Otobs piknik yerine
varnca retmen idi, renciler de srayla inmeye baladlar.
Hep birlikte aalar arasnda iki sra hlinde yrdler. Geni
bir yere geldiklerinde ocuklar yiyecek ve iecek gibi ihtiyalarn
yere braktlar.
Salncak kurmada birbirlerine yardm ettiler.
sallanmaya, bir ksm da futbol oynamaya balad.
Salncak
le yemei vakti geldiinde halkalar hlinde toplanp mutlu

bir ekilde yemeklerini yediler. Yemek yemeyi bitirdikten sonra
p ve yemek artklarn toplamada yardmlaarak p torbalarna
koydular.
Obur Misafir
Adamn biri uzak bir memlekete doru yola kar, uzun sren
yolculuktan sonra bir kye urar. Bir ya da iki saatliine mola verir.
Yolda biriyle tanmtr. Bir mddet dinlenmek iin ona misafir olur.
lenleyin ev sahibi yemee arr. Adam yemei bekleyerek oturur.
Derken ev sahibi ekmek getirir, ardndan et getirmek iin gider. Biraz
sonra elinde etle dndnde misafirin ekmei yemi olduunu grr.
8u kez eti koyup ekmek getirmeye gider. Ekmei getirdiinde misafirin
de yemi olduunu grr. Ev sahibi bunu birka kez tekrarlar.
Sonunda adam;
"Nereye gitmek istiyorsun kardeim?" diye sorar.
Misafir cevap verir:
"Kahire'ye."
Ev sahibi;
"Neden?" diye sorar.
Misafir;
"Doktora gitmek istiyorum. Msr'da byk bir doktor olduu
laberini aldm. Doktordan midemi iyiletirecek bir eyler isteyeceim,
lira ok fazla yiyemiyorum." diye cevap verir.
Ev sahibi yle der:
"Arkadam! Msr'a gidip midendeki sorunu giderdiinde, bu 'oldan
geri dnme!"
iftinin yks
K geldi iftiler ayn eyleri tekrarlamaya ve ekim iin topra
rmeye baladlar. Salim amca hayatn ve varln bereketli
topraklarna adayan bir iftiydi. Kkken inci aramak iin babasyla
irlikte kt bir deniz yolculuu srasnda rendii "heyamola" yi
krarlayarak gide-gele sabanyla topra srmeye balad. Salim amca enizi
brakarak topraa ynelmi ve onu ekiyor, rnlerini deviriyordu. !u ekilde
otuz yl geirmiti.
Birinci gnn bitirince ocuklarnn ve einin kendisini
bekledikleri mtevaz evine dnd. Salim amca hayatndan memnundu ve
kanaatkar biriydi.
Evin drt bir kesine s yayan sobann etrafna kmelenmi ailesinin
yanma oturarak onlara atalarnn mcadelelerini anlatrd. ocuklar ondan
ok ey renmi ve onu kendilerine rnek edinmilerdi. Babalarnn
rehberliinde ve izinde yryorlard. Gelecekleri parlakt.
Ertesi gnn sabahnda Salim amca sabann alp, iini srdrmek iin
toprana doru yola koyuldu. Akam olduunda Salim amca, eve
dnmemiti. Ailesi onu bekliyordu. Salim amca henz dnmemiti ve asla
dnmeyecekti. O, baka bir dnyaya gm ve bize gzel hatras kalmt.
Aldatlan Hrsz
Hrszn biri zengin bir adamn evine trmand. Geceleyin evin
atsna kt. O zamanlar evler ahap ve amurdand.
O srada ev sahibi ve evlerinin atsndaki hrszn ayak seslerini
duyan hanm, uyuyorlard. Kulak verip iyice emin olduktan sonra
evlerinin atsnda birinin yrdn haber vermek iin kocasn
uyandrd. Kocas karsna;
"Benimle yksek sesle konu! Ben de hrsz konumamz duysun da
yakalayalm diye konumalarna yksek sesle cevap vereceim." dedi.
Bunun zerine kadn yle dedi:
"Bey bey! Ayak sesleri duyuyorum. Evimizin atsnda hrsz
olabilir."
Adam karsna cevap verdi:
"Brak bu szleri de uyu! nk ehirde hibir hrsz yok.
Gvendeyiz. O yzden dirhemlerimi gvenli bir yerde saklamakszn
evdeki bir odaya braktm."
Sonra adam hanmyla konumaya devam etti:
"Hem evimizin atsnda yryen kii hrsz olsayd, kimse ayak
seslerini duymasn diye atnn ortasnda yrmez, kenarndan
yrrd."
Hrsz ev sahibinin szlerini duyduunda durumuna dikkat etti. Ev
sahibinin hazinesine ulamak midiyle hzl bir ekilde kenardan
yrmeye balad. ok gemeden bahe duvarnn i tarafna yere
dt.
Ev sahibi hzlca koup hrsz yakalad ve ona; "Seni
buraya getiren ne, nasl dtn?" diye sordu. Hrsz
cevap verdi:
"Karnla konuurken sylediklerini duydum. O konumalarn beni
yakalaman iin bir tuzak olduunu ve hazrlam olduun tuzan iine
deceimi dnemedim. Ancak bu benim hakk ettiim bir cezadr!"
Hapsedilen Hrsz
Fare sabahleyin ocuuyla birlikte top oynuyor ve ona u arky
sylyordu:
"Oyna, ko Ferfur! Oynamann tamam sevin ve mutluluktur,"
Bir gn fare ona bir palto yapmak iin ineyle almaya balad.
ocuk gelip annesine;
"Anne, anne ben bydm. kp dnyay tanmak
istiyorum." dedi.
Anne sevinle;
"Doru, sen bydn! Ancak dmanlarmz unutma! Kedi ve
ylan fare etini severler." dedi.
Ferfur;
"Rahat ol! Ben zek ve kurnazm." dedi.
Ferfur sabretti, nihayet gece oldu. Bir bakkal dkknna girdi. Ne
kedi, ne de ylan grd. Ferfur, dkknda oynad ve her eyden yedi.
Sonunda da annesi iin bir para peynir alp kt.
Ferfur sevinli bir ekilde annesine dnd. Anne, Ferfur'un
bann zerindeki peynir parasn grd ve sevinle bard:
"Allah! Sen gerekten bymsn! Getir, getir Ferfur!"
Sabahleyin bakkal, dkkn atnda mallarn bana geleni
grd. zgn bir ekilde;
"Bunu o alak yapmtr! Ama elimden kurtulamayacak!"
Gece olunca bakkal salam bir kapan getirdi. Kapann iine bir
para peynir koyup;
"Randevumuz sabahleyin, yaramaz!" diyerek, dkknda grnr
bir yere brakt.
Ferfur btn gn geen geceki maceralarn anlatarak annesiyle

birlikte oturdu. Gece olunca dkkna yeniden girdi. Peynirin kokusunu
ald. Ancak bana ne geldi?
Ferfur kapana dp annesine geri dnemedi. Annesi bekledi de
bekledi. Sonunda endiesi artt. Korktu, pencereden yola bakt.
Anne, Ferfur'un dneceinden midini kesip komulara gitti
onlara;
"Ferfur dkkna kmt, geri dnmedi. Onun iin
endieleniyorum. Bana yardm edin komularm!" dedi.
Fareler dkkna gittiler. Orada Ferfur'u kapanda buldular.
Annesine;
"Korkma! Onu gcmzle kurtarp buradan karacaz." dediler.
Kedi dkknn dndayd. Farelerin kokusunu ald. Pencereden
bakp;
"Miyav." dedi.
Btn kahramanlar katlar. Hrsz ise olduu gibi kald.
Bana Bir Harf retenin Klesi Olurum

Harun er-Red slam Devleti ynetimini m. 766 senesinden 809
senesine kadar stlenmitir. Onun dnemi slamiyette parlak dnemler
arasndadr. Harun er-Red'in Emn ve Memn adnda iki ocuu vard.
Harun er-Red, Eb Muhammed et-Tirmz'den ocuklarna retmen
olmasn istemiti.
.
Emn ve Memn retmenlerinin yannda mtevaz ve edepli bir
ekilde oturur, ders bitiminde hemen retmenlerinin ayakkablarna koarak
her biri de ayakkablar kendisinin sunmasn isterdi. Daha sonralar ibirlii
iinde hareket ederek onlardan her biri ayakkablarn bir tekini sundu. Halife
Harun er-Red bunu duyunca ocuklarn terbiyelerine hayran kalmt.
Bir gn retmen gelmi, Memn'u uzunca beklemiti. Memn gelince
retmeni onu dvm ve alatmt. Bu srada babasnn vezirlerinden biri
gelerek huzura kmak istemiti. Memn biraz bekledikten sonra kapy
amt. Vezir ieri girip onlarla bir mddet konumu ve ekip gitmiti.
retmen, Memn'a;
v
"Aramzda geenleri ona anlatacan sanyordum." dedi. Memn yle

cevap vermiti:
"Ben hi kimsenin terbiyesizliimi bilmesini istemem. Vallahi byle bir
hareketi babam benden ummaz. Bana bir harf retenin klesi olurum."
Oduncu ve Sadk Kpek

Oduncunun sadk bir kpei vard. Odun toplamak iin daa her
gittiinde kendisini takip ederdi. Bir gn oduncu ku cvltlar ve ho
esintinin sesini dinleyerek aacn altnda oturan kpekten uzaklat.
ri yapl bir kurt kpee doru geldi. Kurt akn bir ekilde durup
kpee;
"Sen bir kurt deilsin; ancak bana ok benziyorsun. Kimsin sen?"
diye sordu.
Kpek korkudan titreyerek cevap verdi:
"Ben oduncunun kpeiyim."
Kurt kendi kendine;
"Olumun kuyruunu kesen oduncu o olmal." dedi.
Kpee sordu:
"Oduncu nereye gitti?"
Kpek;
"Odun toplamak iin bu taraftan dan eteine gitti." dedi.
Ardndan kpek oduncuyu kurda kar uyarmak iin kotu. Kurt
kpein kendisine yalan sylemi olduunu bilmiyordu. Kurt uzun bir
mesafe yrd; fakat oduncuyu bulamad. Hzlca kpee geri dnd.
Kpek onu grnce oduncuya;
"Aaca k! Ben kurtla ilgilenirim." dedi.
Kurt, kpee yaklap;
"Bana yalan syledin lanet kpek, yle deil mi?" dedi.
Kpek yantlad:
"Hayr, yalan sylemiyorum. Baka bir yoldan dnmtr. Bak,
aacn dalnda oturuyor."
Kurt aaca yaklap yukar bakt ve oduncuyu grd. Oduncuyu
yakalamak iin aaca trmanmaya alt. Bu srada kpek byk bir a
getirerek onunla kurdun kafasna vurdu. Kurt yalpalayarak acdan barmaya
balad.
Oduncu hemen kurdun srtna atlad ve baltayla kafasna gl bir darbe

vurdu. Kurt ld.
Oduncu kurdu iple balad, kpekle birlikte kurdu kye srkledi,
insanlar kurdu grnce;
"Cesur oduncu!" diye seslenmeye baladlar.
Oduncu onlara yky anlattnda kpee de "sadk kpek" ismini
taktlar.
.
.
. .

.

.
.

ESKMOLAR
Eskimo, Kuzey Buz Denizi kysnda yaayanlara verilen addr.

orak bir araziden oluan bu blgenin, yaz ve k souk olup srekli
karldr ve orada hayat zordur. Arazisi tarma elverili deildir. Zira
scaklk, uzun k boyunca sfrn altna bir ka derece dmektedir.
Buna ramen Eskimolarn daha rahat bir hayat srebilmek iin bu orak
arazilerinden g etmeye yeltendikleri bilinmemektedir. Aksine yaam
iin souk hava ve orak arazilerine uygun bir takm aralar icat
etmilerdir.
Eskimolarn dnyadaki nfusu elli bini bulur. Nesillerini
korumadklarndan bu say gittike azalr.
Eskimolar evlerini buzdan yaparlar. Bu evler, Eskimolarn ok nem
verdikleri, kzaklarn eken ve avlanmada yardmclar olan kpeklerinin
uyuduu uzun tnellerden oluur.
in ilgin yan, Eskimolarn yaadklar buz evlerin ii scaktr.
Bazen gerektiinden daha scak olabilir. Bu evler, scakln artran
gaz lambalaryla aydnlatlr.
Btn Eskimolar buz evlerde yaamazlar. Baz blgelerde ahap

klk evler yaparlar.
(Modern Standart Arabic, tntermediate Leuel, 2. kitap, Michigan, 1971, s.378)

.
.

.

.
.

.
BRLEM MLLETLER RGT
ikinci dnya savandan sonra baz byk lkeler ile birka kk lke San
Fransisco ehrinde toplandlar. Birlemi Milletler rgtn kurmaya karar verip
szlemesini oluturdular.
rgtn bir genel sekreteri ve her ye lkenin bir temsilcisi vardr.
Dnya bar ve insan haklarnn korunmas bu rgtn amalarndandr. Bu
nedenle dnyadaki halklarn ounluu bu rgte gvenir ve onu en nemli siyas
tekilatlardan biri olarak niteler.
Birlemi Milletlerin faaliyeti yalnzca siyasetle snrl deildir. rgtn kltrel,
eitsel ve sosyal hizmetler sunan kollar vardr. Kltr ve bilimin ilerlemesine alan
UNESCO rgt, kk lkelere ekonomik
yardmlar sunan Uluslararas alma rgt, BM'nin en nemli kollarndandr. Her
iki rgtn de Arap dnyasnda temsilcileri bulunmaktadr.
phesiz rgt ou uluslararas probleme zm bulmada baarl olmutur.
BM'nin tm hedeflerini gerekletiremedii de dorudur. nk baz lkeler onunla tam
olarak ibirlii yapmamaktadr.
(Elementary Modern Standart Arabic, 2. kitap, s.575-576)

: :
1- Abboud, Peter F. and McCarus, Ernest N. (editors). Elementary Modern Standard Arabic.
London: Cambridge University Press. (1986).
2- Collins Co-build English Usage. London: Harper Collins Publishers. (1992).
3- Crystal, David and Davy, Derek. Investigating English Style. New York: Longman Group
Limited. (1986).
4- Greenbaum, Sidney and Whitcut, Janet. Guide to English Usage. London: Longman Group
UK Limited. (1988).
5- Johnson-Davies, Denys. The Wedding of Zein (Translation). London: Heinemann. (1969).
6- Le Gassick, Trevor. Midaq Alley (Translation). Washington, D.C. :Three Continents Press,
Inc. (1981).
7- Leech, Geoffrey and Svartvik, Jan. A Communicative Grammar of English. London:
Longman Group Limited. (1975).
8- Lyons, John. Semantics. London; New York: Cambridge University Press. (1977).
9- Mouakket, Ahmed. Linguistic and Translation. Syria: Dar Tlass for Studies. (1988).
10- Nahmad, A. M. From the Arabic Press. London: Lund Humphries. (1970).
11- Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation. Prentice Hall International (UK) Ltd. (1988).
12- Nida, E. A. Towards a Science of Translating. Netherlands: Leiden, E. J. Prill. (1964).
13- Swan, Michael. Practical English Usage. London: Oxford University Press. (1995).
: :
- . . : .( ) .
- ) ( . . : .( ) .
- . . : .( ) .

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to acquire / to obtain / to get

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charity begins at home

" " Idiomatic

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(Food and Agriculture :

)Organization((Birlemi Milletler Gda ve Tarm Tekilat :

" ) (Birlemi Milletler) (BM) (UNESCO (United :