THE EFFECTS OF DIFICIENCY IN VARIOUS NUTRIENTS ON HEALTH : NUTRIENT Proteins EFFECTS OF DIFICIENCY Kwashiokor CHARACTERISTICS Stomach bloated, growth

of body and brain retarded, weak body Poor night vision Cornea dry and opaque Swollen legs and ankles, numbers in hands, muscular pain and cramps, fatigue, loss and appetite Dermatitis (skin becomes red and inflamed), diarrhoea and mental disorder Lack of red blood cells or haemoglobin to transport oxygen Bleeding gums, bruised skin, painful and swollen joints, weakness Stunted growth of bones and teeth, weak bones Brittle bones which are easily to broken Enlarged thyroid gland Physical and mental growth retarded Sudden and painful contraction of muscle

Vitamin A VitaminB1 VitaminB3 Vitamin B12,Iron Vitamin C Vitamin D,calcium Iodine Sodium

Night blindness Xerophthlamia Ber-beri Pellagra Anemia Scurvy Rickets (children) Osteoporosis (aged adult) Goitre (adult) Cretinism (Children) Mascular cramp

EFFECTS OF EXCESSIVE INTAKE OF CERTAIN NUTRIENTS ON HEALTH

NUTRIENT

Carbohydrate (sugar)

EFFECTS OF EXCESSIVE INTAKE a-Obesity which may lead to high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, heart diseases b-Dental carries

CHARACTERISTICS

-Body weight is more than 20% of the suitable body weight for a particular height -Tooth decay due to destruction of the teeth s enamel by acids which are produced by bacteria from carbohydrate -The narrowing and hardening of arteries due to saturated fats and cholesterol deposited on the inner walls of arteries -Excessive uric acid deposits on the joints causing joint pain -Uric acid crystalises and forms stones in kidney The liver fails to function because liver cells die and fibrous tissues from the liver -Fatigue, headache, can cause bleeding in the brain(stroke) and heart failure -Kidneys are overloaded with the task of removing excess salt Calcium deposits on the inner walls of arteries causing the arteries to harden and lose their elasticity. Reduces flow of blood or forms a blockage

Lipids

Astherosclerosis ( as a results of saturated animal fats ) a-Gout b-Stones in the kidney which can damaged the kidney Liver damaged a-High blood pressure b-Kidney damaged

Proteins

Vitamin A Minerals (a) Sodium

(b) Calcium

Atheriosclerosis

THE EFFECTS OF DIFICIENCY IN VARIOUS NUTRIENTS ON HEALTH : NUTRIENT Proteins EFFECTS OF DIFICIENCY Kwashiokor CHARACTERISTICS

Night blindness Xerophthlamia VitaminB1 VitaminB3 Anemia Vitamin C Scurvy Rickets (children) Osteoporosis (aged adult) Goitre (adult) Cretinism (Children)

Poor night vision Cornea dry and opaque Swollen legs and ankles, numbers in hands, muscular pain and cramps, fatigue, loss and appetite Dermatitis (skin becomes red and inflamed), diarrhoea and mental disorder Lack of red blood cells or haemoglobin to transport oxygen

Stunted growth of bones and teeth, weak bones Brittle bones which are easily to broken

Iodine Sodium

Sudden and painful contraction of muscle

EFFECTS OF EXCESSIVE INTAKE OF CERTAIN NUTRIENTS ON HEALTH

NUTRIENT

EFFECTS OF EXCESSIVE INTAKE

CHARACTERISTICS

Carbohydrate (sugar)

-Body weight is more than 20% of the suitable body weight for a particular height -Tooth decay due to destruction of the teeth s enamel by acids which are produced by bacteria from carbohydrate

Lipids

Astherosclerosis ( as a results of saturated animal fats ) a-Gout b-Stones in the kidney which can damaged the kidney -Excessive uric acid deposits on the joints causing joint pain -Uric acid crystalises and forms stones in kidney The liver fails to function because liver cells die and fibrous tissues from the liver a-High blood pressure b-Kidney damaged

Vitamin A Minerals (a) Sodium

(b) Calcium

Calcium deposits on the inner walls of arteries causing the arteries to harden and lose their elasticity. Reduces flow of blood or forms a blockage