CHAPTER 5 INDICES AND LOGARITHM FORM 4

14

PAPER 1







1. Solve the equation
3 1
3(5 ) 36
x+
= [3marks]
2. Solve the equation
3 7 4
32 4
x x+
= [3marks]
3. Solve the equation
2 1
3 5
x x
= [4marks]
4.
Solve the equation
5 9 6
16 4
x x
=
[3marks]
5.
Solve the equation
3 3
3
1
27
9
x
x
+

=
[3marks]
6. Solve the equation
2 1
2 13(2 ) 24 0
x x +
= [4marks]
7. Given that
3 9
log log 2 K L = , express K in terms of L. [4marks]
8.
Given that log 3
p
r = and log 7
p
s = , express
49
log
27
p
p | |
|
\ .
in terms
of r and s.
[4marks]
9.
Given that
5
log 2 q = and
5
log 9 p = , express
5
log 8.1 in terms of q
and p.
[4marks)
10. Solve the equation
3 3
3 log (2 1) log x x + = . [3marks]
11.
Given that log 2
x
p = and log 7
x
q = , express
2
56
log
x
x
| |
|
\ .
in terms
of p and q.
[4marks]
12. Given that
3 3 3
log 3 2log log mn m n = + express m in terms of n. [4marks]
13. Given that
9 3
log log 18 y = , find the value of y [3marks]
14.
Given that
3
log m v = and
3
log n w = , express
9
81
log
m
n
| |
|
\ .
in
terms of v and w.
[4marks]
15. Solve the equation 2 ) 1 4 ( log log
3 3
= + x x . [3marks]
16. Solve the equation
1
4
5 5
25
x x
= . [3marks]
CHAPTER 5 INDICES AND LOGARITHM FORM 4

15


ANSWERS (PAPER 1)

1.
3 1
5 12
x+
=

3 1
log5 log12
x+
= 1
(3 1)log5 log12 x + =
1
log12
3 1
log5
x + =

6990 . 0
0792 . 1
1 3 = + x
54392 . 1 1 3 = + x
54392 . 0 3 = x
0.1813 x =

1

2.
( ) ( )
3 7 4
5 2
2 2
x x+
=
15 14 8
2 2
x x+
=
1
15 14 8 x x = +

1
8 x = 1

3.
2 1
log3 log5
x x
= 1
( ) 2 1 log3 log5 x x =
1
2 log3 log3 log5 x x =

2 log3 log5 log3 x x =

( ) 2log3 log5 log3 x =

log3
2log3 log5
x =

1
1.8691 x = 1
CHAPTER 5 INDICES AND LOGARITHM FORM 4

16


4.
( ) ( )
5 9 6
4 2
2 2
x x
= 1
20 18 12
2 2
x x
=

20 18 12 x x = 1
6 x =

1

5. ( )
1
3 3 3
2
27 9
x x

+
=

( ) ( )
( )
1
3 3 3
2
3 2
3 3
x x

+
=
1
( )
1
9 9 2 6
2
3 3
x x

+
=

9 9 3 x x + = + 1
10 6 x =
3
5
x = 1

6.
2 1
2 13(2 ) 24 0
x x +
=
2 1
2 .2 13(2 ) 24 0
x x
=
( )
2
2 .2 13(2 ) 24 0
x x
= 1
Let u = 2
x



2
2 13 24 0 u u =
( )( ) 2 3 8 0 u u + =

3
or 8
2
u = 1
But 2
x
must be positive, so 2
x
= 8
3
2 2
x
=


x =3 1
CHAPTER 5 INDICES AND LOGARITHM FORM 4

17


7.
3
3
3
log
log 2
log 9
L
K =
1
3
3
log
log 2
2
L
K =
3 3
2log log 4 K L =

2
3
log 4
K
L
= 1
2
4
3
K
L
= 1
9 K L =
1

8.

2 3
log 7 log log 3
p p p
p +
1,1
2log 7 log 3log 3
p p p
p +
1
2 1 3 s r + 1

9.
5
log 8.1 =
5
81
log
10
1
=
5 5
log 81 log 10
1
= ( )
2
5 5
log 9 log 2 5
1
= 5 log 2 log 9 log 2
5 5 5


= 1 2 q p
1
10.
3 3 3
3log 3 log (2 1) log x x + =

3
3 3 3
log 3 log (2 1) log x x + =
( )
3 3
log 27 2 1 log x x =
1
( ) 27 2 1 x x =
1
54 27 x x =
27
53
x = 1
CHAPTER 5 INDICES AND LOGARITHM FORM 4

18


11.

2
56
log
x
x
| |
|
\ .
=
2
log 56 log
x x
x
1
= log (7 8) 2log
x x
x

= log 7 log 8 2log
x x x
x +
1
=
3
log 7 log 2 2log
x x x
x +
= log 7 3log 2 2log
x x x
x +
1
= 3 2 q p +
1

12.
3 2
3 3 3 3
log log 3 log log mn m n = + 1
2
3 3
27
log log
m
mn
n
= 1
2
27m
mn
n
= 1
27
2
n
m = 1

13.
3
3
3
log
log 18
log 9
y
=
1
3
3
3
log
log 18
log 9
y
=

3
3
log
log 18
2
y
=
3 3
log 2log 18 y =
2
3 3
log log 18 y = 1
324 y =
1

14.
9
81
log
m
n
| |
|
\ .
=
3
3
81
log
log 9
m
n
| |
|
\ .

1
=
3 3 3
3
log 81 log log
2log 3
m n +

1
=
( )
4
3 3 3
1
log 3 log log
2
m n + 1
= ( )
1
4
2
v w + 1
CHAPTER 5 INDICES AND LOGARITHM FORM 4

19



15.
3 3
log log (4 1) 2 0 x x + + =
3 3 3
log log (4 1) 2log 3 0 x x + + =

3
(9)
log 0
4 1
x
x
=
+
1
0
9
3
4 1
x
x
=
+
1
9 4 1 x x = +
5 1 x =
1
5
x = 1

16.
1
2
4
5 .5 5
5
x x
=
2
1 4
5 1
5 5
x
| |
=
|
\ .

1
2
4 4
5
5 5
x
| |
=
|
\ .


2
4 5
5
5 4
x
| |
=
|
\ .


1
5 5
x
= 1
1 x = 1