MATERIAL DE APOIO INGLS TCNICO

ALUNO:

R.A.

CURSO:

UNIDADE:

TURMA:

SEMESTRE/ANO:

PROFESSOR(A): FTIMA FURLAN (fatimafurlan@uninove.br)

UNIDADE 1 INTRODUO O que Ingls Instrumental? No Brasil , de um modo geral, ingls instrumental (ESP English for Specific Purposes) uma das inmeras abordagens do ensino de Lngua inglesa que trata do Ingls como lngua tcnica e cientfica e/ou de carter geral, focalizando o emprego de estratgias especficas. Seu objeto desenvolver a habilidade de leitura ativa, isto , de compreenso de textos de diversas reas do conhecimento escritos em lngua inglesa, utilizando para isso estratgias intuitivamente aplicadas em lngua materna e propondo outras. O estudo da gramtica restringe-se a um mnimo necessrio, sendo normalmente associada ao texto. No ensino de ingls instrumental as habilidades da lngua inglesa (ouvir, falar, ler e escrever) se reduzem a uma s: leitura, pois esta a habilidade mais imediata que os acadmicos precisam. Nveis de compreenso Dependendo do objetivo da leitura voc dever distinguir trs nveis de compreenso: Compreenso Geral: - obtida atravs de uma leitura rpida para se captar as informaes genricas do texto, ou seja, o que de maior relevncia o assunto. Compreenso de Pontos Principais: Exige que nos detenhamos com maior ateno na busca das informaes principais do texto, observando cada pargrafo para identificar os dados especficos que mais interessam ao leitor. Compreenso Detalhada: Esse tipo de leitura mais profunda que as anteriores. Exige a compreenso dos detalhes do texto e demanda, por isso, muito mais tempo. Recursos que podem facilitar a compreenso Prediction Significa inferir o contedo de um texto atravs de seu conhecimento prvio sobre o tema( background); atravs do contexto semntico (palavras de um mesmo grupo, por exemplo: hospital, nurse, doctor, ambulance); contexto lingstico ( pistas gramaticais); contexto nolingstico (gravuras, grficos, tabelas, nmeros, etc.); conhecimento sobre a estrutura do texto ( lay out, ttulo, subttulo, diviso de pargrafos, etc.) Cognates so palavras de origem grega ou latina bem parecidas com as do portugus. Os cognatos podem ser: a- idnticos: chocolate, crime, vrus, rdio, social, hotel; b- semelhantes: telephone, apartment, industry, violence; c- vagamente parecidos: activity, drug, responsible,computer OBS: Ateno com os falsos cognatos. Ex. pretend no significa pretender, mas sim, fingir; importante observar se a palavra se encaixa no contexto. Repeated words se uma palavra aparece vrias vezes no texto, isto significa que ela importante para a compreenso da escritura. Typographical Evidences so smbolos como, letras maisculas, nmeros, sinais de pontuao,palavras em negrito ou itlico, etc., que do dicas teis sobre o texto. 2

Dictionary o dicionrio deve ser utilizado como ltimo recurso para se descobrir o significado de uma palavra ou expresso desconhecida. Isso para que a leitura no seja lenta demais, e para que o leitor no desanime tendo que parar toda vez que encontrar algo desconhecido. Estratgias de leitura Skimming leitura rpida para ter-se uma idia central do texto. Scanning leitura com objetivo de encontrar algumas informaes especficas no texto. Selectivity leitura seletiva, isto , selecionar os trechos o qual se quer encontrar uma determinada informao pargrafos, por exemplo.

UNIDADE 2 CONSCIENTIZAO

Faa este exerccio em grupo, dessa forma voc ter a oportunidade de trocar idias com seus colegas.

EXERCCIO 1

Voc vai ler um texto em portugus; tente encontrar palavras adequadas para substituir pelas palavras estranhas que voc encontrar.Ao terminar o exerccio, seu professor vai pedir para voc ler o texto substituindo as palavras estranhas pelas que voc selecionou. Esteja pronto para justificar suas escolhas.
Text: Uma situao muito charocada

Ontem eu estava na baca de mena zunica quando algo muito charocado me aconteceu.Estvamos em uma boletinha, quando resolvi ir ao tineiro; quando voltei percebi que todas as pessoas sulupiavam para mim e binavam; no me dolotei e continuei laninhando.J tinha lotuado uns dois cricks e laminhado por toda dara, quando uma zunica se aproximou e tritou que eu havia farenido de telar o cter da malta quando fui ao tineiro; o pior de tudo que eu estava felhando uma fubpa xelena!
EXERCCIO 2

Observe o texto a seguir, em dinamarqus, e veja se voc consegue responder as questes: CASINO AALBORG Velkommen til Danmarks mest venlige kasino

Ved Stranden, 14-16 Tlf. 98 10 15 50. Glaed dig til spaendende og morsomme timer i selskab med festlige mennesker i en international atmosfaere. Aben alle ugens dage fra kl. 20.00 04.00. Entr DKK 50,00,-. Der er legitimationspligt i henhold til dansk lov. Ingen adgang for unge under 18 ar.

1) Que tipo de texto este? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 2) Qual o objetivo deste texto? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 3) Quem voc acha estaria interessado em ler um texto deste tipo? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 4) Onde voc acha que poderia encontrar este texto? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
5) H palavras parecidas com o portugus, ou com outra lngua que voc conhece? Quais so elas? Copieas do texto.

_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 6) Qual o horrio de atendimento do cassino? _____________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 7) Quanto custa o ingresso? _____________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 8) Qual o telefone do cassino? _____________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 9) Quem pode frequentar o cassino? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

History of Radiography X-rays were discovered in 1895 by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen (1845-1923) who was a Professor at Wuerzburg University in Germany. Working with a cathode-ray tube in his laboratory, Roentgen observed a fluorescent glow of crystals on a table near his tube. The tube that Roentgen was working with consisted of a glass envelope (bulb) with positive and negative electrodes encapsulated in it. The air in the tube was evacuated, and when a high voltage was applied, the tube produced a fluorescent glow. Roentgen shielded the tube with heavy black paper, and discovered a green colored fluorescent light generated by a material located a few feet away from the tube. He concluded that a new type of ray was being emitted from the tube. This ray was capable of passing through the heavy paper covering and exciting the phosphorescent materials in the room. He found that the new ray could pass through most substances casting shadows of solid objects. Roentgen also discovered that the ray could pass through the tissue of humans, but not bones and metal objects. One of Roentgen's first experiments late in 1895 was a film of the hand of his wife, Bertha. It is interesting that the first use of X-rays were for an industrial (not medical) application, as Roentgen produced a radiography of a set of weights in a box to show his colleagues.
http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Radiography/cc_rad_index.htm

EXERCCIOS Escreva Verdadeiro(V) ou Falso(F) de acordo com o texto: 1- Raios-x foram descobertos em 1985. ( ) ) ) )

2- Wilhelm Conrad Roentegen morreu aos 78 anos. (

3- Roentgen foi professor da Universidade de Wuerzburg que fica na Alemanha. ( 4- Roentgen estava trabalhando em seu laboratrio com um tubo de raio catdico. ( brilho fluorescente. ( metal. ( Bertha. ( ) ) )

5- Quando o ar do tubo foi evacuado e uma alta voltagem foi aplicada, o tubo produziu um 6- Roentgen descobriu que o raio passava pelo tecido humano, mas no por ossos e objetos de 7- A primeira experincia de Roentgen no final de 1985 foi um filme da mo de sua irm 8- O raio-x foi aplicado inicialmente na rea industrial, no na mdica.

UNIDADE 3: SKIMMING AND SCANNING SKIMMING

Leia os segmentos abaixo e utilizando os cognatos e familiares identifique o assunto abordado em cada um deles:

1) One of the most impressive sights in Paris, this construction was built in the second half of the 19th century as an ornament, presumably to show the possibilities of steel, and to allow Parisians to see their own city from above. Now a major tourist attraction for visitors from all over the world and a site for TV and radio transmissions. It is linked in the worlds mind with the image of France and Paris. - ____________________________________________. 2) In computer science, a popular pointing input device, used mostly for playing computer games but used for other tasks as well. It usually has a square or rectangular plastic base to which is attached a vertical stem. Control buttons are located on the base and sometimes on top of the stem. The stem can be moved to control the movement of an object on the screen. - ____________________________________________. 3) Alcoholic drink produced originally in Scotland, Ireland and USA, by fermenting certain cereal grains and then distilling to produce a light-colored liquid containing about 40% alcohol. It is drunk with or without ice, soda or according to taste. - ____________________________________________. 4) A common pointing device. Its basic features are a casing with a flat bottom, designed to be gripped by one hand; one or more buttons on the top; a ball on the bottom; and a cable connecting it to the computer. By moving it on a surface, the user typically controls a cursor. To select items or choose commands on the screen, the user presses one of the buttons, producing a click.
____________________________________________.

SCANNING Complete the chart using the information from the texts below: 2. Last week Mexican poet and essayist Octavio Paz, 76, was awarded this years Nobel Prize in Literature. A day after the announcement, Paz met with Newsweeks Sarah Crichton in New York.

1. Czechoslovakias minister of Finance, Vaclav Klaus, an advocate of free-market economic reforms, has emerged as his countrys fastest-rising politician. At a recent congress of the Civic Forum, the the coalition that toppled the Communist regime, Klaus was elected chairman, overwhelming the candidate supported by President Vaclav Havel. Last week in Prague, Klaus, 49, talked with NewsWeeks Andrew Nagorski about the Significance of his upset victory.

3. Chilean novelist Isabel Allende, 48, a niece of the late President Salvador Allende, is one of the most celebrated authors writing in Spanish. While visiting Rome to promote the release of her latest book, Stories of Eva Luna, she talked to Newsweeks Anne Whaley.

4. Jean-Luc Godard, 60, is widely considered one of the worlds great film directors. A founder of the French New Wave film movement, along with Franois Truffaut and Eric Rohmer, Godard has directed such modern classics as Contempt Starring Brigitte Bardot and others. His latest film, New Wave features Alain Delon. Recently, Godard spoke with Newsweeks Benjamin Iury at at his office in Rolle, Switzerland.

Name
Isabel Allende

Age
76

Nationality

Occupation

Czech Film Director

Text: Radiology Nature of the Work

Radiology technologists and technicians take xrays and administer nonradioactive materials into patients' bloodstreams for diagnostic purposes. Some specialize in diagnostic imaging technologies, such as computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Radiology technologists and technicians, also referred to as radiographers , produce xray films (radiographs) of parts of the human body for use in diagnosing medical problems. They prepare patients for radiology examinations by explaining the procedure, removing articles such as jewelry, through which xrays cannot pass, and positioning patients so that the parts of the body can be appropriately radiographed. To prevent unnecessary radiation exposure, these workers surround the exposed area with radiation protection devices, such as lead shields, or limit the size of the xray beam. Radiographers position radiographic equipment at the correct angle and height over the appropriate area of a patient's body. Using instruments similar to a measuring tape, they may measure the thickness of the section to be radiographed and set controls on the xray machine to produce radiographs of the appropriate density, detail, and contrast. They place the xray film under the part of the patient's body to be examined and make the exposure. They then remove the film and develop it. Experienced radiographers may perform more complex imaging procedures. For fluoroscopies, radiographers prepare a solution of contrast medium for the patient to drink, allowing the radiologist (a physician who interprets radiographs) to see soft tissues in the body. Some radiographers, called CT technologists, operate CT scanners to produce cross-sectional images of patients. Radiographers who operate machines that use strong magnets and radio waves, rather than radiation, to create an image are called MRI technologists . Radiology technologists and technicians must follow physicians' orders precisely and conform to regulations concerning the use of radiation to protect themselves, their patients, and their coworkers from unnecessary exposure. In addition to preparing patients and operating equipment, radiology technologists and technicians keep patient records and adjust and maintain equipment. They also may prepare work schedules, evaluate equipment purchases, or manage a radiology department. http://www.radiologyworkers.com/Radiology-Job-Description.htm Exercises 1- Sublinhe todas as cognatas do texto e circule as conhecidas.

2- Qual o assunto do texto? ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

3- Retire do texto algumas atribuies do profissional da radiologia mdica. ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 4- Circule o pronome they (eles,elas) no texto e identifique o termo a que ele se refere. ________________________________________________________________________________

5- Traduza as abreviaes abaixo que so utilizadas em textos e equipamentos de radiologia mdica:

http://radiology.rsna.org/

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UNIDADE 4 MODO IMPERATIVO / COMANDOS Usamos os verbos no imperativo para expressar ordens, pedidos, avisos e instrues. Os comandos encontrados nos manuais de equipamentos hospitalares ou nos prprios aparelhos esto no Modo Imperativo porque existe a necessidade de transmitir a mensagem de forma objetiva e clara. O imperativo afirmativo composto pelo infinitivo do verbo sem o to. J o imperativo negativo composto pelo auxiliar Do+not (Dont) e o infinitivo do verbo sem o to. Assim, temos: Verbo TO GO = ir Imperativo Afirmativo: GO! (V!) Imperativo Negativo: DON`T GO!. (No v!) Coloque os verbos abaixo no Imperativo Afirmativo e Negativo: Verbo no Infinitivo 01- to describe 02- to set 03- to print 04- to have 05- to connect 06- to disconnect 07- to follow 08- to make sure 09- to register 10- to insert 11- to hold 12- to press 13- to align 14- to wait 15- to open 16- to close 17- to pull 18- to push 19- to remove 20- to repeat 21- to release 22- to install 23- to reinstall 24- to check 25- to keep 26- to adjust 27- to take 28- to try 29- to introduce 30- to move 31- to withdraw 32- to pay attention 33- to switch Imperativo Afirmativo ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ Imperativo Negativo _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ 11

34- to turn on 35- to turn off 36- to turn right 37- to turn left Translate: 01- Set the date and the time.

___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________

_________________ _________________ _________________ _________________

______________________________________________________________________ 02- Register the patient information. ______________________________________________________________________ 03- Make sure the card is inserted completely. ______________________________________________________________________ 04- Press the key. ______________________________________________________________________ 05- Hold the key down for at least 3 seconds. ______________________________________________________________________ 06- Wait 2 seconds. ______________________________________________________________________ 07- Remove the card from the machine. ______________________________________________________________________ 08- Repeat the steps 1 to 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 09- Release the key. ______________________________________________________________________ 10- Check the display. ______________________________________________________________________ 11- Push the card. ______________________________________________________________________ 12- Take the identification card. ______________________________________________________________________ 12

13- Please read chapters 4 to 6 in the Operators Manual to become familiar with the LORAD Selenia FFDM System. ___________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 14- Click the Cancel button to exit the preview window. ______________________________________________________________________ 15- Put the system in its non-imaging mode. ______________________________________________________________________ 16- Minimize the application. ______________________________________________________________________ 17- Double-click on the icon. ______________________________________________________________________ 18- Type Test. ______________________________________________________________________ 19- Press enter and wait for Test Navigator to open. ______________________________________________________________________ 20-Select the laser printer. ______________________________________________________________________

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UNIDADE 5: FORMAS NOMINAIS / TEMPOS VERBAIS / VERBOS Formas Nominais dos Verbos Regulares: Infinitivo: to work = trabalhar,funcionar Gerndio: working = trabalhando Particpio: worked = trabalhado Infinitivo: to connect = conectar Gerndio: connecting = conectando Particpio: connected = conectado Pronome Sujeito I (eu) You (Voc) He (Ele) She (Ela) It (Ele,ela neutro) We (Ns) You (Vocs) They (Eles, elas) Tempos Verbais (Verbos Regulares): Simple Present = Presente Simples = Rotina Regra 1: Para os sujeitos: I=eu You=Voc We=Ns They= Eles,elas

Frase afirmativa: Sujeito + verbo sem o to Frase Interrogativa: Do + sujeito + verbo sem o to Frase Negativa: Sujeito + do not (don`t)+ verbo sem o to Exemplo: Verbo: to work = trabalhar,funcionar The radiology technologists work a lot. Os tecnlogos em radiologia trabalham muito. Do the radiology technologists work a lot? Os tecnlogos em radiologia trabalham muito? The radiology technologists do not work a lot. Os tecnlogos em radiologia no trabalham muito. Regra 2: Para os sujeitos: He=ele She=ela It= Ele,ela (coisas)

Frase afirmativa: Sujeito + verbo sem o to + s Frase Interrogativa: Does + sujeito + verbo sem o to - s Frase Negativa: Sujeito + does not(doesn`t) + verbo sem o to - s Exemplo: Verbo: to work = trabalhar,funcionar The radiology technologist works a lot. O tecnlogo em radiologia trabalha muito. Does the radiology technologist work a lot? O tecnlogo em radiologia trabalha muito? 14

The radiology technologist does not work a lot. O tecnlogo em radiologia no trabalha muito. Simple Past = Passado Simples Frase afirmativa: Sujeito + verbo com ed Frase Interrogativa: Did + sujeito + verbo sem ed Frase Negativa: Sujeito + did not (didn`t)+ verbo sem ed Exemplo: Verbo: to work = trabalhar,funcionar The radiology technologists worked a lot. Os tecnlogos em radiologia trabalharam muito. Did the radiology technologists work a lot? Os tecnlogos em radiologia trabalharam muito? The radiology technologists did not work a lot. Os tecnlogos em radiologia no trabalharam muito. Simple Future = Futuro Simples Frase afirmativa: Sujeito + will + verbo sem o to Frase Interrogativa: Will+ sujeito + verbo sem o to Frase Negativa: Sujeito + will not(won`t) + verbo sem o to Exemplo: Verbo: to work = trabalhar,funcionar The radiology technologists will work a lot. Os tecnlogos em radiologia trabalharo muito. Will the radiology technologists work a lot? Os tecnlogos em radiologia trabalharo muito? The radiology technologists will not work a lot. Os tecnlogos em radiologia no trabalharo muito. Formas Nominais dos Verbos Irregulares: Infinitivo: to take = levar,pegar,tomar,realizar Gerndio: taking = realizando Particpio: took = realizado Tempos Verbais (Verbos Irregulares): Simple Present = Presente Simples = Rotina Regra 1: Para os sujeitos: I=eu You=Voc We=Ns They= Eles,elas

Frase afirmativa: Sujeito + verbo sem o to Frase Interrogativa: Do + sujeito + verbo sem o to Frase Negativa: Sujeito + do not (don`t)+ verbo sem o to Exemplo: Verbo: to take = realizar Radiology technologists take x-rays. Os tecnlogos em radiologia realizam raio-x. Do the radiology technologists take x-rays?Os tecnlogos em radiologia realizam raio-x? 15

Radiology technologists do not take x-rays. Os tecnlogos em radiologia no realizam raio-x. Regra 2: Para os sujeitos: He=ele She=ela It= Ele,ela (coisas)

Frase afirmativa: Sujeito + verbo sem o to + s Frase Interrogativa: Does + sujeito + verbo sem o to - s Frase Negativa: Sujeito + does not(doesn`t) + verbo sem o to - s Exemplo: Verbo: to take = realizar Radiology technologist takes x-rays. O tecnlogo em radiologia realiza raio-x. Does the radiology technologist take x-rays? O tecnlogo em radiologia realiza raio-x? Radiology technologist does not take x-rays. O tecnlogo em radiologia no realiza raio-x. Simple Past = Passado Simples Frase afirmativa: Sujeito + verbo na 2 coluna da lista de verbos irregulares. Frase Interrogativa: Did + sujeito + verbo na 1 coluna da lista de verbos irregulares. Frase Negativa: Sujeito + did not (didn`t)+ verbo na 1 coluna da lista de verbos irregulares. Exemplo: Verbo: to take = realizar Radiology technologist took x-rays. O tecnlogo em radiologia realizou raio-x. Did the radiology technologist take x-rays? O tecnlogo em radiologia realizou raio-x? Radiology technologist did not take x-rays. O tecnlogo em radiologia no realizou raio-x. Simple Future = Futuro Simples Frase afirmativa: Sujeito + will + verbo sem o to Frase Interrogativa: Will+ sujeito + verbo sem o to Frase Negativa: Sujeito + will not(won`t) + verbo sem o to Exemplo: Verbo: to take = realizar Radiology technologist will take x-rays. O tecnlogo em radiologia realizar raio-x. Will the radiology technologist take x-rays? O tecnlogo em radiologia realizar raio-x? Radiology technologist will not take x-rays. O tecnlogo em radiologia no realizar raio-x.

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VERBO SER,ESTAR = TO BE (Tem conjugao prpria) Tempo Verbal: Presente Forma afirmativa I am You are He is She is It is We are You are They are (ai m) (i ar) (ri is) (xi is) (it is) (ui ar) (iu ar) (dei ar) (eu sou / estou) (voc / est) (ele / est ) (ela / ela est) (ele/ela / est) (ns somos/estamos) (vocs so / esto) (eles/elas so/esto) Im (aimi)

Youre (iuar) Hes Shes Its (ris) (xis) (its)

Were (uiar) Youre (iuar) Theyre (deir) Forma Negativa I am not You are not He is not She is not It is not We are not You are not They are not Im not You arent He isnt She isnt It isnt We arent You arent They arent (aimi nt) (iu arnt) (ri izant) (xi izant) (it izant) (ui arent) (iu arnt) (dei arnt)

Forma Interrogativa Am I ? Are you? Is he? Is she? Is it? Are we? Are you ? Are they? (m ai?) (ar i) (is ri?) (is xi?) (is it?) (ar ui?) (ar iu?) (ar dei?)

Tempo Verbal: Passado Forma afirmativa I was (Eu era/estava) You were He was She was It was We were You were They were Forma Interrogativa Was I? Were you? Was he? Was she? Was it? Were we? Were you? Were they? Forma Negativa I was not (wasn`t) You were not (weren`t) He was not She was not It was not We were not You were not They were not 17

Tempo Verbal: Futuro Forma afirmativa I will be (Eu serei/estarei) You wil be He will be She will be It will be We will be You will be They will be Forma Interrogativa Will I be? Will you be? Will he be? Will she be? Will it be? Will we be? Will you be? Will they be? Forma Negativa I will not be ( I won`t be) You will not be He will not be She will not be It will not be We will not be You will not be They will not be

VERBO HAVER, EXISTIR = THERE TO BE Singular There is = H,existe Is there = H, existe? There is not (isn`t) = No h, no existe There is a professor in the classroom. Is there a professor in the classroom? There is not a professor in the classroom. Plural There are = H,existem Are there = H, existem? There are not (aren`t) = No h, no existem There are many students in the classroom. Are there many students in the classroom? There are not many students in the classroom.

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VERBOS AUXILIARES MODAIS O VERBO AUXILIAR MODAL pode ser classificado como um tipo de verbo auxiliar que usado junto com um verbo principal, mudando ou completando o sentido deste verbo. Os modais podem indicar possibilidade,obrigao,deduo,permisso,habilidade,vontade,desejo e indicar se o tom da conversa formal ou informal. Os principais verbos modais so: 1-CAN: posso, pode, podemos, podem... Expressa capacidade,permisso informal,pedido informal e possibilidade. The machine can work very well. A mquina pode funcionar muito bem.

Can the machine work very well? A mquina pode funcionar muito bem?

The machine can not ( cant )work very well. A mquina no pode funcionar muito bem.

2- COULD: pde,podia,poderia. Expressa pedido formal ou habilidade no passado.

Could you open the door? Voc poderia abrir a porta?

The machine could work very well for three hours. A mquina pde funcionar muito bem por trs horas.

Could the machine work very well? A mquina pde funcionar muito bem por trs horas?

The machine could not ( couldnt )work very well. A mquina no pde funcionar muito bem por trs horas.

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3-MAY / MIGHT : Significam pode e indicam possibilidade no futuro e tambm so usados para pedir ou dar permisso. Sendo que MIGHT mais formal que MAY quando se faz pedidos.

The patient may /might arrive on time. (Pode ser que ele chegue no horrio.) O paciente pode chegar na hora.

May/Might the patient arrive on time? O paciente pode chegar na hora?

The patient may/might not arrive on time. O paciente no pode chegar na hora.

May I come in? (Posso entrar?) Pedido formal Might I come in? (Posso entrar?) Pedido MUITO formal

4-MUST : significa dever. Indica obrigao, necessidade e probabilidade.

He must work. Ele deve trabalhar. (Tem obrigao/necessidade de trabalhar)

Must he work? Ele deve trabalhar? CUIDADO COM A FORMA NEGATIVA!!! O SENTIDO COMPLETAMENTE DIFERENTE!!!! He must not (musnt) work. Ele est proibido de trabalhar

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5- SHOULD / OUGHT TO: deveria . Eles expressam conselho, sendo que OUGHT TO mais formal que SHOULD.

He should go to a doctor. Ele deveria ir ao mdico.

Should he go to a doctor? Ele deveria ir ao mdico.

He should not (shouldnt) go to a doctor. Ele no deveria ir ao mdico.

6- WOULD: equivale-se ao futuro do pretrito(terminao ia ) em portugus. O verbo que aparece aps would deve ter a terminao do futuro do pretrito I would work = Eu trabalharia They would work = Eles trabalhariam

The patient would like a glass of water. O paciente gostaria de um copo de gua.

Would the patient like a glass of water? O paciente gostaria de um copo de gua.

The patient would not(wouldn`t ) like a glass of water. O paciente no gostaria de um copo de gua.

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EXERCCIOS I)Conjugue os verbos abaixo no presente simples, fique atento para o sujeito da orao. 1-To play = jogar,brincar,tocar I ____________football every Sunday. He____________football every Sunday. 2- to prepare = preparar They_____________the patient. He_____________the patient. 3- to have= ter The doctors______________many patients. The doctor______________many patients. 4- to take = tomar,fazer,realizar Radiology technologists ___________ x-rays. Radiology technologist ___________ x-rays. 5- to manage = gerenciar They ___________the radiology department. He ___________the radiology department. II)Complete as lacunas com o verbo no passado: VR = verbo regular VI = verbo irregular

Observao: Consulte a tabela colocar os Verbos Irregulares no passado. 1-Roentgen ____ a fluorescent glow of crystals on a table near his tube. (to observe VR) 2-He ____that a new type of ray was being emitted from the tube.(to conclude - VR) 3-The tube ______ a fluorescent glow.(to produce VR) 4-Roentgen ______ the tube with heavy black paper. (to shield VR) 5-He _______that the new ray could pass through most substances casting shadows of solid objects. (to find VI) 6-They ______ the film.(to remove VR) 7-The doctor _______ late.(to arrive VR) 8-The hospital _______new machines.(to buy VI)

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9-The technician ______the exam to the patient. (to give VI) 10-The radiology technologist ______ problems with the machine. (to have VI)

III)Observe o texto abaixo e destaque os verbos que esto no futuro simples:

4D Ultrasound Transmitted - Live - to Iraq on Christmas Eve Bel Air, MD, December 19, 2007 --(PR.com)-- On Christmas Eve this year, Jennifer Branson will be celebrating her 28th week of pregnancy and having a 4D ultrasound performed, while her husband, SPC Shawn Branson will be serving his country in Iraq. Thanks to cutting-edge technology, however, he will not miss a beat of the upcoming ultrasound. He will actually be able to see his baby boy for the very first time - live- from a computer in Baghdad as it is being performed on his wife in Maryland. Last month, Precious Previews Ultrasound, a Bel Air-based, 3D/4D prenatal imaging center, introduced their newest service for expectant parents and their families. This state-of-the-art technology, known as 4D UltraShare, enables the secure video transmission of an ultrasound over the internet to virtually any broadband-connected, Windows-based computer in the world. The broadcast is password protected to ensure clients privacy and is easy for end-users with connections typically made in minutes. http://www.pr.com/press-release/64815 IV) Escreva o tempo verbal dos verbos abaixo. Os verbos foram retirados do 2 pargrafo do texto. a- Introduced b- enables V) Qual o assunto do texto? VI) Retire do texto : a-3 dicas tipogrficas b-6 palavras cognatas c-1 ms d-1 expresso que indique posse e-O verbo ser no presente VII) Identifique a qual palavra do texto os pronomes abaixo esto ligados: 1 pargrafo: a-Her (L.2) b-He (L.4) c-His (L.5) VIII)O pronome HE aparece duas vezes no primeiro pargrafo. Escreva a sua traduo e identifique o termo a que ele se refere?

23

IX)Associe as colunas:

12345678( ( ( (

The ray could pass through the tissue of humans, but not bones and metal objects. The radiology technologist may perform more complex imaging procedures. Radiology technologists and technicians must follow physicians' orders. John broke his arm. He should go to the hospital. The parts of the body can be appropriately radiographed. The doctor would arrive early. He must have had a problem. You ought to go to the dentist. You must not stay near the equipment. ) As partes do corpo podem ser apropriadamente radiografadas. ) Tcnicos e tecnlogos em radiologia devem seguir ordens mdicas. ) Voc est proibido de ficar perto do equipamento. ) O raio podia passar atravs de tecidos humanos, mas no atravs de ossos e objetos de metal.

( ( ( (

) John quebrou o brao. Ele deveria ir ao hospital. ) O mdico chegaria cedo. Ele deve ter tido um problema. ) Voc deveria ir ao dentista. ) Os tecnlogos em radiologia podem realizar exames de imagens mais complexas.

X) Traduza as expresses abaixo e explique o sentido dos termos em destaque. a-Experienced radiographers may perform more complex imaging procedures. _________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ b- Radiology technologists and technicians must follow physicians' orders precisely. _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ c- The parts of the body can be appropriately radiographed. _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ d- X-rays cannot pass. _______________________________________________________________________________

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LISTA DOS PRINCIPAIS VERBOS IRREGULARES SIMPLE PAST

WAS/WERE BORE BORE BEAT BECAME BEGAN BENT BET BADE BOUND BIT BLED BLEW BROKE BRED BROUGHT BUILT BURNED (burnt) BURST BOUGHT CAST CAUGHT CHOSE CAME COST CREPT CUT DEALT DUG DID DREW DRANK DROVE ATE FELL FED FELT FOUGHT FOUND FLUNG FLEW FORBADE FORGOT FORGAVE FROZE GOT GAVE WENT GREW HUNG HAD HEARD HID HIT HELD HURT KEPT KNELT (kneeled)

INFINITIVE
1.TO BE 2.TO BEAR 3.TO BEAR 4TO BEAT 5.TO BECOME 6.TO BEGIN 7.TO BEND 8.TO BET 9.TO BID 10.TO BIND 11.TO BITE 12.TO BLEED 13.TO BLOW 14.TO BREAK 15.TO BREED 16.TO BRING 17.TO BUILD 18.TO BURN 19.TO BURST 20.TO BUY 21.TO CAST 22.TO CATCH 23.TO CHOSE 24.TO COME 25.TO COST 26.TO CREEP 27.TO CUT 28.TO DEAL 29.TO DIG 30.TO DO 31.TO DRAW 32.TO DRINK 33.TO DRIVE 34.TO EAT 35.TO FALL 36.TO FEED 37.TO FEEL 38.TO FIGHT 39.TO FIND 40.TO FLING 41.TO FLY 42.TO FORBID 43.TO FORGET 44.TO FORGIVE 45.TO FREEZE 46.TO GET 47.TO GIVE 48.TO GO 49.TO GROW 50.TO HANG 51.TO HAVE 52.TO HEAR 53.TO HIDE 54.TO HIT 55.TO HOLD 56.TO HURT 57.TO KEEP 58.TO KNEEL

PAST PARTICIPLE TRANSLATION

BEEN BORN BORNE BEATEN BECOME BEGUN BENT BET BIDDEN BOUND BITTEN BLED BLOW BROKEN BRED BROUGHT BUILT BURNED (burnt) BURST BOUGHT CAST CAUGHT CHOSEN COME COST CREPT CUT DEALT DUG DONE DRAWN DRUNK DRIVEN EATEN FALLEN FED FELT FOUGHT FOUND FLUNG FLOWN FORBIDDEN FORGOTTEN FORGAVEN FROZEN GOT (gotten) GIVEN GONE GROWN HUNG HAD HEARD HIDDEN HIT HELD HURT KEPT KNELT (kneeled) SER, ESTAR GERAR SUPORTAR DERROTAR, BATER TORNAR-SE COMEAR CURVAR APOSTAR MANDAR OBRIGAR, AMARRAR MORDER SANGRAR SOPRAR QUEBRAR EDUCAR, CRIAR TRAZER CONSTRUIR QUEIMAR IRROMPER COMPRAR ARREMESSAR PEGAR, ALCANAR ESCOLHER VIR CUSTAR ENGATINHAR, ARRASTAR-SE CORTAR LIDAR,TRATAR CAVAR FAZER DESENHAR, PUXAR BEBER GUIAR, DIRIGIR COMER CAIR ALIMENTAR SENTIR LUTAR ACHAR LANAR (SE) VOAR PROIBIR ESQUECER PERDOAR CONGELAR OBTER, ADQUIRIR DAR IR CRESCER, CULTIVAR PENDURAR, ENFORCAR TER OUVIR ESCONDER BATER, ATINGIR SEGURAR MAGOAR, MACHUCAR MANTER, CONSERVAR, GUARDAR AJOELHAR

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59.TO KNIT 60.TO KNOW 61.TO LAY 62.TO LEAD 63.TO LEARN 64.TO LEAVE 65.TO LEND 66.TO LET 67.TO LIE 68.TO LIGHT 69.TO LOSE 70.TO MAKE 71.TO MEAN 72.TO MEET 73.TO PAY 74.TO PUT 75.TO QUIT 76.TO READ 77.TO RIDE 78.TO RING 79.TO RISE 80.TO RUN 81,TO SEE 82.TO SEEK 83.TO SELL 84.TO SEND 85.TO SET 86.TO SHAKE 87.TO SHINE 88.TO SHOOT 89.TO SHOW 90.TO SHUT 91.TO SING 92.TO SINK 93.TO SIT 94.TO SLEEP 95.TO SPEAK 96.TO SPEED 97.TO SPEND 98.TO SPIT 99.TO SPREAD 100.TO SPRING 101.TO STAND 102.TO STEAL 103.TO STICK 104.TO STRIKE 105.TO SWEAR 106.TO SWEEP 107.TO SWIM 108.TOSWING 109.TO TAKE 110.TO TEACH 111.TO TEAR 112.TO TELL 113. THINK 114. THROW 115.TO UNDERSTAND 116.TO WAKE 117.TO WEAR 118.TO WEAVE 119.TO WED 120.TO WEEP 121.TO WET 122.TO WIN 123.TO WIND

KNIT (knitted) KNEW LAID LED LEARNED (learnt) LEFT LENT LET LAY LIT (lighted) LOST MADE MEANT MET PAID PUT QUIT READ RODE RANG ROSE RAN SAW SOUGHT SOLD SENT SET SHOOK SHONE SHOT SHOWED SHUT SANG SANK SAT SLEPT SPOKE SPED SPENT SPIT(spat) SPREAD SPRANG STOOD STOLE STUCK STRUCK SWORE SWEPT SWAM SWANG TOOK TAUGHT TORE TOLD THOUGHT THREW UNDERSTOOD WOKE WORE WOVE WED WEPT WET WON WOUND

KNIT (knitted) KNOWN LAID LED LEARNED (learnt) LEFT LENT LET LAIN LIT (lighted) LOST MADE MEANT MET PAID PUT QUIT READ RIDDEN RUNG RISEN RUN SEEN SOUGHT SOLD SENT SET SHAKEN SHONE SHOT SHOWM SHUT SUNG SUNK SAT SLEPT SPOKEN SPED SPENT SPIT (spat) SPREAD SPRUNG STOOD STOLEN STUCK STRUCK SWORN SWEPT SWUM SWUNG TAKEN TAUGHT TORN TOLD THOUGHT THROWN UNDERSTOOD WOKEN WORN WOVEN WED WEPT WET WON WOUND

TRICOTAR SABER, CONHECER PR, COLOCAR LIDERAR, LEVAR APRENDER SAIR, DEIXAR, ARTIR EMPRESTAR PERMITIR, DEIXAR. DEITAR, FICAR, JAZER ACENDER PERDER FAZER SIGNIFICAR, QUERER ENCONTRAR PAGAR COLOCAR, PR DISISTIR LER MONTAR, ANDAR DE... TOCAR SUBIR, AUMENTAR, ASCENDER CORRER VER PROCURAR VENDER MANDAR, ENVIAR POR TREMER BRILHAR ATIRAR MOSTRAR FECHAR CANTAR AFUNDAR SENTAR DORMIR FALAR ACELERAR PASSAR, GASTAR CUSPIR ESPALHAR SALTAR FICAR DE P, SUPORTAR ROUBAR COLAR BATER, FAZER GREVE JURAR, PRAGUEJAR VARRER NADAR BALANAR PEGAR, LEVAR, TOMAR ENSINAR RASGAR DIZER, CONTAR PENSAR, ACHAR ATIRAR, JOGAR ENTENDER ACORDAR USAR, VESTIR TECER CASAR CHORAR, LAMENTAR-SE MOLHAR-SE GANHAR, VENCER. ENROLAR, DAR, CORDA

26

124.TO WRITE

WROTE

WRITTEN

ESCREVER

LISTA DE VERBOS REGULARES VERBO / PASSADO / PARTICPIO PASSADO / TRADUO Absorb / Absorbed / Absorbed / Absorver Accept / Accepted / Accepted / Aceitar Accumulate / Accumulated / Accumulated / Acumular Act / Acted / Acted / Encenar Add / Added / Added / Somar Admire / Admired / Admired / Admirar Affect / Affected / Affected / Afetar Agree / Agreed / Agreed / Concordar Allow / Allowed / Allowed / Permitir Announce / Announced / Announced / Anunciar Answer / Answered / Answered / Responder Appear / Appeared / Appeared / Aparecer Approach / Approached / Approached / Aproximar-se Arrive / Arrived / Arrived / Chegar Ask / Asked / Asked / Perguntar Attend / Attended / Attended / Assistir a; freqentar Bang / Banged / Banged / Bater (com fora) Believe (in) / Believed / Believed / Acreditar (em) Belong (to) / Belonged / Belonged / Pertencer (a) Breathe / Breathed / Breathed / Respirar Brush / Brushed / Brushed / Escovar Burn / Burned / Burned / Queimar Call / Called / Called / Chamar; telefonar Capture / Captured / Captured / Capturar Carry / Carried / Carried / Carregar Cash / Cashed / Cashed / Descontar um cheque Cause / Caused / Caused / Causar Change / Changed / Changed / Mudar; trocar Clean / Cleaned / Cleaned / Limpar Clear / Cleared / Cleared / Liberar; clarear; iluminar Close / Closed / Closed / Fechar Complete / Completed Completed / Completar Compose / Composed / Composed / Compor Concern / Concerned / Concerned / Referir-se Consider / Considered / Considered / Considerar Constitute / Constituted / Constituted / Constituir Contain / Contained / Contained / Conter Convince / Convinced / Convinced / Convencer Cook / Cooked / Cooked / Cozinhar Corrupt / Corrupted / Corrupted / Corromper Count / Counted / Counted / Contar Cover / Covered / Covered / Cobrir Cross / Crossed / Crossed / Cruzar; atravessar Cry / Cried / Cried / Chorar; gritar; clamar Dance / Danced / Danced / Danar Decide / Decided / Decided / Decidir Depend (on) / Depended / Depended / Depender (de) Describe / Described / Described / Descrever Deserve / Deserved / Deserved / Merecer Destroy / Destroyed / Destroyed / Destruir Develop / Developed / Developed / Desenvolver Dial / Dialed / Dialed / Discar

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Die / Died / Died / Morrer Digit / Digited / Digited / Digitar Disagree / Disagreed / Disagreed / Discordar Disappear / Disappeared / Disappeared / Desaparecer Discover / Discovered / Discovered / Descobrir Distribute / Distributed / Distributed / Distribuir Disturb / Disturbed / Disturbed / Perturbar Dream (about) / Dreamed; Dreamt / Dreamed; Dreamt / Sonhar (a respeito de) Dry / Dried / Dried / Secar Enable / Enabled / Enabled / Capacitar End / Ended / Ended / Terminar Enjoy / Enjoyed / Enjoyed / Divertir-se; apreciar Establish / Established / Established / Estabelecer Exercise / Exercised / Exercised / Exercitar-se Exhaust / Exhausted / Exhausted / Esgotar Experience / Experienced / Experienced / Experimentar Explain / Explained / Explained / Explicar Express / Expressed / Expressed / Expressar; exprimir Fear / Feared / Feared / Temer; recear Fill / Filled / Filled / Encher; preencher Finish / Finished / Finished / Terminar Fix / Fixed / Fixed / Consertar Flap / Flapped / Flapped / Agitar; abanar Float / Floated / Floated / Flutuar Follow / Followed / Followed / Seguir Function / Functioned / Functioned / Funcionar Gossip / Gossiped / Gossiped / Fofocar Governe / Governed / Governed / Governar Guard / Guarded / Guarded / Guardar Guess / Guessed / Guessed / Adivinhar Happen / Happened / Happened / Acontecer Hate / Hated / Hated / Odiar Help / Helped / Helped / Socorrer; ajudar Hitch / Hitched / Hitched / Atrelar Hope / Hoped / Hoped / Ter esperana (em); esperar (por) Hunt / Hunted / Hunted / Caar Improve / Improved / Improved / Progredir; melhorar Include / Included / Included / Incluir Increase / Increased / Increased / Aumentar Insert / Inserted / Inserted / Inserir Insist (on) / Insisted / Insisted / Insistir (em) Inspect / Inspected / Inspected / Inspecionar Intend / Intended / Intended / Pretender; tencionar Intercept / Intercepted / Intercepted Interceptar Interest / Interested / Interested / Interessar-se Interrupt / Interrupted / Interrupted / Interromper Introduce / Introduced / Introduced / Apresentar Invite /Invited / Invited / Convidar Involve / Involved / Involved / Envolver Kill / Killed / Killed / Matar Land / Landed / Landed / Aterrissar Last / Lasted / Lasted / Durar Laugh / Laughed / Laughed / Rir Learn / Learned / Learned / Aprender Like / Liked / Liked / Gostar (de) List / Listed / Listed / Listar Listen (to) / Listened / Listened / Escutar com ateno Live / Lived / Lived / Viver; morar Look / Looked / Looked / Olhar

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Love / Loved / Loved / Amar Lower / Lowered / Lowered / Baixar Marry / Married / Married / Casar-se (com) Match / Matched / Matched / Combinar; igualar Melt / Melted / Melted / Derreter-se Mention / Mentioned / Mentioned / Mencionar Miss / Missed / Missed / Perder; sentir falta Move / Moved / Moved / Mover-se Need / Needed / Needed / Precisar (de) Notice / Noticed / Noticed / Notar; verificar Obey / Obeyed / Obeyed / Obedecer Occupy / Occupied / Occupied / Ocupar Offend / Offended / Offended / Ofender Offer / Offered / Offered / Oferecer-se Omit /Omitted / Omitted / Omitir Open / Opened / Opened / Abrir; inaugurar Order / Ordered / Ordered / Ordenar Own / Owned / Owned / Possuir Owe / Owed / Owed / Dever Pack / Packed / Packed / Arrumar; fazer as malas Paint / Painted / Painted / Pintar Pick / Picked / Picked / Apanhar (objetos) Plan / Planned / Planned / Planejar Plant / Planted / Planted / Plantar Play / Played / Played / Brincar; jogar; tocar Please / Pleased / Pleased / Satisfazer Point / Pointed / Pointed / Apontar Pray / Prayed / Prayed / Rezar; orar Predict / Predicted / Predicted / Prever Prefer / Preferred / Preferred / Preferir Prepare / Prepared / Prepared / Preparar Present / Presented / Presented / Apresentar Press / Pressed / Pressed / Pressionar Prevent / Prevented / Prevented / Prevenir Produce / Produced / Produced / Produzir Protect / Protected / Protected / Proteger Provide / Provided / Provided / Prover; fornecer Pull / Pulled / Pulled / Puxar Push / Pushed / Pushed / Empurrar Rain / Rained / Rained / Chover Raise / Raised / Raised / Levantar; elevar Reach / Reached / Reached / Alcanar; chegar a Realize / Realized / Realized / Perceber Recognize / Recognized / Recognized / Reconhecer Refer (to) / Referred / Referred / Referir-se (a) Reflect / Reflected / Reflected / Refletir Release / Released / Released / Soltar; libertar Relieve / Relieved / Relieved / Aliviar Remain / Remained / Remained / Permanecer; ficar Remark / Remarked / Remarked / Observar; comentar Remember / Remembered / Remembered / Lembrar-se (de) Remind / Reminded / Reminded / Trazer memria; fazer lembrar Remove / Removed / Removed / Retirar Repair / Repaired / Repaired / Reparar; consertar Reply / Replied / Replied / Responder Represent / Represented / Represented / Representar Require / Required / Required / Exigir Rest / Rested / Rested / Descansar Result / Resulted /Resulted / Resultar

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Retire / Retired / Retired / Retirar-se; aposentar-se Return / Returned / Returned / Retornar Rob / Robbed / Robbed / Roubar Save / Saved / Saved / Economizar Search (for) / Searched / Searched / Procurar; buscar Seem / Seemed / Seemed / Parecer Serve / Served / Served / Servir Shave / Shaved / Shaved / Fazer a barba Shorten / Shortened / Shortened / Encurtar Shout / Shouted / Shouted / Gritar Show / Showed / Showed / Mostrar Sign / Signed / Signed / Assinar Ski / Skied / Skied / Esquiar Smile / Smiled / Smiled / Sorrir Smoke / Smoked / Smoked / Fumar Solve / Solved / Solved / Resolver; solucionar Start / Started / Started / Comear; iniciar Stay / Stayed / Stayed / Ficar; permanecer Stimulate / Stimulated / Stimulated / Estimular Stop / Stopped / Stopped / Parar (de) Stress / Stressed / Stressed / Exercer presso sobre; salientar Study/ Studied / Studied / Estudar Subtract / Subtracted / Subtracted / Subtrair Suffer (from) / Suffered / Suffered / Sofrer (de) Suggest / Suggested / Suggested / Sugerir Surprise / Surprised / Surprised / Surpreender Survive / Survived / Survived / Sobreviver Swallow / Swallowed / Swallowed / Engolir Talk / Talked / Talked / Conversar Taste / Tasted / Tasted / Provar Threaten / Threatened / Threatened / Ameaar Tolerate / Tolerated / Tolerated / Tolerar Train / Trained / Trained / Treinar Travel / Traveled; travelled / Traveled; travelled / Viajar Try / Tried / Tried / Tentar Turn (to) / Turned / Turned / Virar; girar; mudar (de direo) Type / Typed / Typed / Datilografar Unscramble / Unscrambled / Unscrambed / Decifrar Use / Used / Used / Usar Wait / Waited / Waited / Esperar Walk / Walked / Walked / Andar; caminhar Want / Wanted / Wanted / Querer Warn / Warned / Warned / Advertir; alertar Wash / Washed / Washed / Lavar Watch / Watched / Watched / Observar; assistir Wax / Waxed / Waxed / Encerar Weigh / Weighed / Weighed / Pesar Whisper / Whispered / Whispered / Sussurrar Work / Worked / Worked / Trabalhar; funcionar Worry (about) / Worried / Worried / Preocupar-se (com)

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UNIDADE 6 :PRONOMES DE REFERNCIA Quando queremos nos referir a alguma coisa (ou idia) que j foi mencionada, ou ainda vai ser mencionada numa determinada sentena, geralmente utilizamos recursos lingsticos para no tornar a sentena repetitiva. Exemplos: The magazine which is on the desk is old. A revista que est sobre a mesa velha. Paul and Sue are good friends. They always help us. Paul e Sue so bons amigos. Eles sempre nos ajudam. John works in my office. We like him very much. John trabalha em meu escritrio. Ns gostamos muito dele. Pode-se observar que podemos nos referir a uma idia anterior ou posterior utilizando diferentes PRONOMES;

PRONOMES PESSOAIS PERSONAL PRONOUNS

CASO RETO (SUJEITO) SUBJECT PRONOUN I Eu You voc, tu He Ele She Ela It ele, ela (neutro) We Ns You vocs, vs They eles, elas (neutro)

CASO OBLQUO (OBJETO) OBJECT PRONOUN me me, mim you lhe, o, a, te, ti a voc him lhe, a, a ele her lhe, a, a ela it lhe, o, a us nos you vos, lhes, a vocs them lhes, os, as

indispensvel que lhe seja absolutamente clara a diferena entre sujeito e objeto. We saw him at the restaurant. s. o. Ns o vimos no restaurante. s. o. He saw us at the restaurant. s. o. Ele nos viu no restaurante. s. o. I gave you a present. s. o. Eu te (lhe) dei um presente. s. o. You gave me a present. s. o. Voc (tu) me deu (deste) um presente s. o.

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PRONOMES REFLEXIVOS REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS Ainda no liquidamos o assunto de pronomes, pois faltam as formas reflexivas. A cada pronome pessoal corresponde um pronome reflexivo. PRONOME PESSOAL PERSONAL PRONOUN I You He She It We You They PRONOME REFLEXIVO REFLEXIVE PRONOUN myself a mim mesmo, -me yourself a ti, a voc mesmo(a), -te, -se himself a si, a ele mesmo, -se herself a si, a ela mesma, -se itself a si mesmo(a), -se ourselves a ns mesmos(as), -nos yourselves a vs, vocs mesmos(as), -vos, -se themselves a si, a eles mesmos, a elas mesmas, -se

OS POSSESSIVOS (PRONOMES SUBSTANTIVOS E ADJETIVOS) PROSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES AND POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS PRONOMES POSSESSIVOS ADJETIVOS POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES My meu, minha Your teu, tua, seu, sua His Dele Her Dela Its dele, dela (neutro) Our nosso, nossa Your vosso, vossa, seu, sua, de vocs Their deles, delas (neutro) PRONOMES POSSESSIVOS SUBSTANTIVOS POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS mine (o) meu, (a) minha yours (o) teu, (a) tua, (o) seu, (a) sua his (o)/(a) dele hers (o)/(a) dela its (o)/(a) dele, (o)/(a) dela (neutro) ours (o) nosso, (a) nossa yours (o) vosso, (a) vossa, (o) seu, (a) sua theirs (o)/(a) deles, (o)/(a) delas (neutro)

My car is gray. (possessive adjective) Meu carro cinza. (pronome possessivo adjetivo) This is your pen. (possessive adjective) Esta (a) tua caneta. (pronome possessivo adjetivo) This car is mine. (possessive pronoun) Este carro meu. (pronome possessivo substantivo) That house is hers. (possessive pronoun) Aquela casa (a) dela. (pronome possessivo substantivo) Para empregar corretamente um e outro necessrio levar em conta, tanto em ingls como em portugus, que: enquanto pronome possessivo adjetivo (possessive adjective) serve para qualificar o substantivo, o pronome possessivo substantivo (possessive pronoun) tem a funo de substitu-lo. 32

Eis uma regra prtica: o pronome possessivo adjetivo est sempre diretamente ligado a um substantivo. my house (minha casa) your bicycle (tua/sua bicicleta) their relatives (os parentes deles) her jacket (a jaqueta dela)

Em portugus, o pronome possessivo substantivo no est diretamente ligado a um substantivo. This bicycle is mine. Esta bicicleta minha. Are these books yours? Estes livros so teus (seus)? No, mine are over there. No, os meus esto l. The shoes are hers, not mine. (Os sapatos so dela , no meus) Exerccios Classifique os pronomes grifados e indique as respectivas palavras a que eles se referem: 1-Radiology technologists and technicians take x-rays and materials into patients. they administer nonradioactive

________________________________________________________________________________ 2- Roentgen was working with a cathode-ray tube in his laboratory. ________________________________________________________________________________ 3- Madona is a great singer. She came to Brazil in 2009. ________________________________________________________________________________ 4-Getlio Vargas killed himself with a gun in 1954. ________________________________________________________________________________ 5-The radiology technologist removes the film and develops it. ________________________________________________________________________________ 6- Where are the tickets? I can`t find them. ________________________________________________________________________________ 33

UNIDADE 7: MAKING COMPARISONS (FAZENDO COMPARAES)

Em ingls h, pelo menos, duas formas diferentes de se fazer comparaes, que variam de acordo com os adjetivos que se pretende comparar se eles so longos ou curtos. Alm das formas comparativas comuns, que comparam um objeto, uma situao ou um indivduo com outro She is taller than me (Ela maior do que eu) h tambm a categoria dos superlativos, que comparam um objeto, situao ou indivduo ao conjunto restante She is the tallest in the classroom (Ela a maior da classe). Parte I: Voc forma o comparativo da maioria dos adjetivos curtos acrescentando-se -er ao final do adjetivo e o superlativo acrescentado-se est. Exemplos: Adjective old(velho) large (extenso) larger largest bigger biggest dirtier dirtiest colder coldest big (grande) dirty * (sujo) cold (frio) small (pequeno) Smaller Smallest

Comparative Superlative

older oldest

*note: observa-se que nos casos em que o adjetivo termina em y, na formao do comparativo e do superlativo, o y cai e completa-se com -ier ou iest. Adjective fast (rpido) high slow hot (quente) young novo/nova) tall (alto pessoas)

(alto-coisas) (devagar)

Comparative Superlative

faster fastest

higher highest

slower slowest

hotter hottest

younger youngest

Taller Tallest

H algumas formas irregulares de comparativos e superlativos: Adjective Comparative Superlative good (bom) better best bad (ruim) Worse Worst

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Voc usa um adjetivo comparativo + than quando voc compara duas coisas diferentes. Exemplos: Comparativos: 1- Brazil is bigger than Sweden. (O Brasil maior do que a Sucia). 2-Portugal is smaller than Brazil. (Portugal menor do que o Brasil). 3-Mexico is hotter than Sweden. (O Mxico mais quente do que a Sucia). 4-My friend is younger than me. (Meu/minha amigo/amiga mais novo/nova do que eu). 5-The car is faster than bicycle.(O carro mais rpido do que a bicicleta).

Superlativos: 1-Chinas population is the biggest of the world. (A populao da China a maior do mundo) 2-Kevin is my best friend. (Kevin o meu melhor amigo) 3-I think the war is the worst thing that exists. (Eu acho a guerra a pior coisa que existe) 4-Rio Grande do Sul is the coldest state in Brazil. (O Rio Grande do Sul o estado mais frio do Brasil).

Parte II: Voc forma o comparativo da maioria dos adjetivos longos usando more + adjetivo e o superlativo, usando-se the most + adjetivo. Exemplos:

Adjective Comparative Superlative

expensive more expensive most expensive

difficult more difficult the most difficult

dangerous more dangerous the most dangerous

popular more popular the most popular

Adjective Comparative Superlative

tiring more tiring most tiring

intelligent more intelligent the most intelligent

boring more boring the most boring

interesting more interesting the most interesting

1-Climbing is more difficult than skiing. (Escalar mais difcil do que esquiar). 2-Boxe is more dangerous than volleyball. (O boxe mais perigoso do que voleibol). 3-Soccer is more popular than golf. (O futebol mais popular do que o golf).

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Superlativos:

1-In Brazil, soccer is the most popular sport. (No Brasil, o futebol o esporte mais popular). 2-I think swimming is the most tiring sport that I practice. (Eu acho que a natao o esporte mais cansativo que eu pratico). 3-I think chess is the most intelligent game that exists. (Eu acho que o xadrez o jogo mais inteligente que existe). 4-I think horror movie is the most boring kind of movie. (Eu acho que filme de terror o tipo mais chato de filme).

Parte III: Voc usa as as para indicar o mesmo que tanto/to quanto, em Portugus. Voc pode usar as as, quando voc compara duas coisas similares: 1-Bahia is as hot as Cear. (A Bahia to quente quanto o Cear). 2-Rock is as interesting as Jazz. (O rock to interessante quanto o jazz).

Ou quando voc compara coisas diferentes. 1-Golf is not as popular as soccer. (O golfe no to popular quanto o futebol). 2-Volley is not as dangerous as boxe. (O volei no to perigoso quanto o boxe).
HTTP://WWW.SOFI.COM.BR/NODE/881

EXERCISES

Escolha a alternativa correta: 1 Mount Everest measures 8,848 meters, Mount Kangchenjunga measures 8,596 meters and K2 measures 8,611 meters. Mount Everest is the highest mountain.

Mount Kangchenjunga is the highest mountain. K2 is the lowest mountain.

2 Anne is 43 years old, Lynne is 40 years old. 36

Anne is younger than Lynne. Lynne is older than Anne. Anne is older than Lynne.

3 The red dress costs 25.00, the blue dress costs 15.00. The red dress costs less than the blue dress.

The blue dress costs less than the red dress. The blue dress costs more than the red dress.

4 Russia is 17,075,000 sqm, France is 544,000 sqm. France is larger than Russia.

Russia is larger than France. Russia is smaller than France.

5 Box A is bigger than box B, box C is bigger than box A. Box B is the smallest box.

Box A is the biggest box. Box C is the smallest box.

6 I live 2 km from my mother. My sister lives 1 km from her. I live nearer my mother than my sister.

My sister lives nearer my mother than me. My sister lives further from my mother than me.

7 Jane has 1,633.20, Bill has 1,635.30, John has 1,632.10. Bill has the most money.

Jane has the least money. John has the most money.

8 Carrots are good for you, cakes are bad for you. Carrots are worse for you than cakes.

Cakes are better for you than carrots. Carrots are better for you than cakes. 37

9 Johnny was bad, Wendy was very bad, Billy was very, very bad. Johnny was the worst.

Wendy was the best. Billy was the worst.

10 I saw two plays, one on Monday 1st April and the other on Tuesday 2nd April. I enjoyed the Monday play, I didn't enjoy the one on Tuesday. I enjoyed the second play more than the first play.

I enjoyed the first play more than the second play. I enjoyed the first play less than the second play.

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UNIDADE 8: FALSOS COGNATOS Tambm chamados de falsos amigos, os falsos cognatos so palavras normalmente derivadas do latim, que tm portanto a mesma origem e que aparecem em diferentes idiomas com ortografia semelhante, mas que ao longo dos tempos acabaram adquirindo significados diferentes. INGLS - PORTUGUS Actually (adv) - na verdade ..., o fato que ... Agenda (n) - pauta do dia, pauta para discusses Amass (v) - acumular, juntar Anticipate (v) - prever; aguardar, ficar na expectativa Application (n) - inscrio, registro, uso Appointment (n) - hora marcada, compromisso profissional Appreciation (n) - gratido, reconhecimento Argument (n) - discusso, bate boca Assist (v) - ajudar, dar suporte Assume (v) - presumir, aceitar como verdadeiro Attend (v) - assistir, participar de Audience (n) - platia, pblico Balcony (n) - sacada Baton (n) - batuta (msica), cacetete Beef (n) - carne de gado Cafeteria (n) - refeitrio tipo universitrio ou industrial Camera (n) - mquina fotogrfica Carton (n) - caixa de papelo, pacote de cigarros (200) Casualty (n) - baixas (mortes ocorridas em acidente ou guerra) Cigar (n) - charuto Collar (n) - gola, colarinho, coleira College (n) - faculdade, ensino de 3 grau Commodity (n) - artigo, mercadoria Competition (n) - concorrncia Comprehensive (adj) - abrangente, amplo, extenso Compromise (v) - entrar em acordo, fazer concesso Contest (n) - competio, concurso Convenient (adj) - prtico Costume (n) - fantasia (roupa) Data (n) - dados (nmeros, informaes) Deception (n) - logro, fraude, o ato de enganar Defendant (n) - ru, acusado PORTUGUS - INGLS Atualmente - nowadays, today Agenda - appointment book; agenda Amassar - crush Antecipar - to bring forward, to move forward Aplicao (financeira) - investment Apontamento - note Apreciao - judgement Argumento - reasoning, point Assistir - to attend, to watch Assumir - to take over Atender - to help; to answer; to see, to examine Audincia - court appearance; interview Balco - counter Batom - lipstick Bife - steak Cafeteria - coffee shop, snack bar Cmara - tube (de pneu) chamber (grupo de pessoas) Carto - card Casualidade - chance Cigarro - cigarette Colar - necklace Colgio (2 grau) - high school Comodidade - comfort Competio - contest Compreensivo - understandable Compromisso - appointment; date Contexto - context Conveniente - appropriate Costume - custom, habit Data - date Decepo - disappointment Advogado de defesa - defense attorney Designar - to appoint Editor - publisher Educado - with a good upbringing, well-mannered, polite Enrolar - to roll; to wind; to curl 39

Design (v, n) - projetar, criar; projeto, estilo Editor (n) - redator Educated (adj) - instrudo, com alto grau de escolaridade

Eventualmente - occasionally Excitante - thrilling xito - success Esperto - smart, clever Esquisito - strange, odd Enroll (v) - inscrever-se, alistar-se, registrar-se Fbrica - plant, factory Eventually (adv) finalmente, Genial - brilliant conseqentemente Curso de graduao - undergraduate Exciting (adj) - empolgante program Exit (n, v) - sada, sair Gratuidade - the quality of being free Expert (n) - especialista, perito of charge Exquisite (adj.) - belo, refinado Gripe - cold, flu, influenza Fabric (n) - tecido Azar - bad luck Genial (adj) - afvel, aprazvel Idioma - language Graduate program (n) - Curso de ps- Devoluo de imposto de renda graduao income tax refund Gratuity (n) - gratificao, gorjeta Ingenuidade - naivet / naivety Grip (v) - agarrar firme Injria - insult Hazard (n,v) - risco, arriscar Inscrio - registration, application Idiom (n) - expresso idiomtica, linguajar Entender - understand Income tax return (n) - declarao de imposto Intoxicao - poisoning de renda Jornal - newspaper Ingenuity (n) - engenhosidade Lmpada - light bulb Injury (n) - ferimento Largo - wide Inscription (n) - gravao em relevo (sobre Leitura - reading pedra, metal, etc.) Legenda - subtitle Intend (v) - pretender, ter inteno Livraria - book shop Intoxication (n) - embriaguez, efeito de drogas Lanche - snack Journal (n) - peridico, revista especializada Magazine - department store Lamp (n) - luminria Maior - bigger Large (adj) - grande, espaoso Medicina - medicine Lecture (n) - palestra, aula Mistura - mix, mixture, blend Legend (n) - lenda Motel - love motel Library (n) - biblioteca Notcia - news Lunch (n) - almoo Novela - soap opera Magazine (n) - revista Oficial - official Mayor (n) - prefeito Parentes - relatives Medicine (n) - remdio, medicina Particular - personal, private Moisture (n) - umidade Pasta - paste; folder; briefcase Motel (n) - hotel de beira de estrada Polcia - police Notice (v) - notar, aperceber-se; aviso, Porta - door comunicao Prejuzo - damage, loss Novel (n) - romance Prescrever - expire Office (n) - escritrio Preservativo - condom Parents (n) - pais Pretender - to intend, to plan Particular (adj) - especfico, exato Privado - private Pasta (n) - massa (alimento) Procurar - to look for Policy (n) - poltica (diretrizes) Propaganda advertisement, Port (n) - porto commercial Prejudice (n) - preconceito Prescribe (v) - receitar Pular - to jump Preservative (n) - conservante Puxar - to pull Pretend (v) - fingir Ranger - to creak, to grind 40

Private (adj) - particular Procure (v) - conseguir, adquirir Propaganda (n) - divulgao de idias/fatos com intuito de manipular Pull (v) - puxar Push (v) - empurrar Range (v) - variar, cobrir Realize (v) - notar, dar-se conta, conceber uma idia Record (v, n) - gravar, disco, gravao, registro Requirement (n) - requisito Resume (v) - retomar, reiniciar Rsum (n) - curriculum vitae, currculo Retired (adj) - aposentado Senior (n) - idoso Service (n) atendimento

Realizar - to carry out, to accomplish Recordar - to remember, to recall Requerimento - request, petition Resumir - summarize Resumo - summary Retirado - removed, secluded Senhor - gentleman, sir Servio - job

UNIDADE 9 : DOUBLE SENSE WORDS comum a todas as lnguas a ocorrncia de palavras com significado ou funo gramatical mltiplos. Freqentemente este mltiplo sentido em um idioma no tem 41

correspondente em outro. Quer dizer: os termos nem sempre cobrem as mesmas reas de significado entre diferentes idiomas. Este fenmeno, tambm chamado de polissemia, ocorre com qualquer idioma; assim como o portugus, o ingls tambm tem inmeras palavras de mltiplo significado. , entretanto a ocorrncia do fenmeno na lngua me do aluno que causa maior dificuldade. Partir do geral para o particular sempre mais difcil do que o inverso. Portanto, sempre que diferentes idias representadas pela mesma palavra na lngua me do aluno corresponderem a diferentes palavras na segunda lngua, o mesmo ter dificuldades em expressar-se corretamente. As diferentes palavras do ingls que correspondem aos diferentes significados da palavra do portugus podem eventualmente funcionar como sinnimos, portanto neutralizando o contraste entre os dois idiomas. O objetivo, entretanto, mostrar os contrastes nas ocorrncias mais usuais do vocabulrio ingls moderno.
Palavra Bachelor Balance To cancel Capital Character China To collect Compass Content Directory Faculty Interest Mark Official Operator Plant Principal Race Rare Rest Easy Cool To play Consistent Affiliate Ambulant Match Sequel Primeiro sentido Bacharel Balana Cancelar Capital Carter China Colecionar/coletar Compasso Contente Diretoria Faculdade (mental) Interesse Marca Oficial Operador Planta Principal Raa Raro Resto Fcil Fresco Jogar / Brincar Consistente Filiar-se Paciente de ambulatrio Ligar (Relacionar) Seqela Segundo sentido Solteiro Equilbrio Carimbar Maiscula (letra) Personagem Porcelana Cobrar Bssola Contedo Lista Telefnica Corpo Docente Juro Nota Autoridade Telefonista Fbrica Diretor de escola Corrida Mal passado Descanso Em paz / Confortvel Legal Tocar / Imitar Compatvel Determinar paternidade Capaz de caminhar Partida (Jogo) Seqncia

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EXERCCIO A) Assinale o significado correto das palavras em destaque nas sentenas: 1) I need to cancel your documents. 2) She is the principal of the school. 3) His mark was terrible. ( ) cancelar ( ) diretora ( ) marca ( ) carimbar ( ) principal ( ) nota

4) The operator (a) gave me the wrong number of the plant (b). a- ( ) operador b- ( ) planta ( ) telefonista ( ) fbrica ( ) bssola ( ) bacharel ( ) compasso ( ) solteiro

5) We are lost. We need a compass now. 6) He is the most famous bachelor of the party. 7) Do you know the capital (a) of China (b)? a- ( ) capital b- ( ) porcelana ( ) principal ( ) China

B) D os respectivos significados das palavras repetidas em cada segmento: 1) a) Mike is not married. He is a bachelor. b) He finished the college last year. Now, he is a bachelor in Biology. 2) We have a directory in order to look for the telephone numbers of the students. This directory is in the directory of the school. 3) The character of this film has a bad character. 4) You have to write the names of the Capitals with Capital letters.

UNIDADE 10 : AFIXOS: PREFIXOS E SUFIXOS (Formao de Palavras)

Algumas palavras necessitam um pouco mais de ateno para entend-las e reconheclas durante a leitura. Elas so chamadas palavras derivadas, ou seja, palavras formadas por afixos. Afixos so slabas ou letras colocadas antes ou aps o radical de uma palavra ,alterando o seu sentido original. Os afixos dividem-se em prefixos e sufixos.

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PREFIXOS slaba ou slabas que precedem o radical de uma palavra, modificando o seu sentido. Vejamos alguns deles: A (sem) amoral = sem moral Anti (contra) anti-nuclear = antinuclear Dis(Oposto) disagree = discordo Il,ir,im,in (no) illegal = ilegal Mis (errado) misunderstand = entender errado, equivocar-se Non (no) non-alcoholic =no alcolico Un( no) unintelligent = no inteligente Over (excesso,alm) overdose = acima da dose Pre (antes) prehistory = pr-histria SUFIXOS - slaba ou letras que so colocadas aps as razes das palavras para indicar sua flexo, ou torn-las derivadas. Os sufixos podem formar Substantivos: ance = performance = desempenho ence = independence = independncia er/or = teacher/operator = professor/operador ist/yst = typist/analyst = digitador/analista ation = information = informao ment = development/management = desenvolvimento/gerenciamento ity = electricity = eletricidade

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ness = happiness = felicidade

Os sufixos podem formar Adjetivos: ic = economic = econmico al = logical = lgico able=comparable= comparvel ous = dangerous = perigoso y = hungry = faminto Os sufixos podem formar Verbos: ize = computerize = informatizar ate = activate/calculate = ativar/calcular ify = simplify = simplificar Os sufixos podem formar Advrbios: ly = eletronically = eletronicamente quickly = rapidamente

ADJETIVOS TERMINADOS EM ED E ING

Os sufixos ED e ING formam adjetivos que podem causar uma certa dvida porque as duas formas so similares. A forma ED expressa como algum se sente, como est. A forma ING descreve a coisa ou a pessoa que faz algum se sentir daquela maneira. Observe o exemplo:

45

The students are worried because the questions are worrying. Os estudantes esto preocupados porque as perguntas so preocupantes.

O USO DO SUFIXO ING Palavras cuja formao composta por ING podem apresentar diferentes classes gramaticais: LEARNING = Pode significar aprendendo; aprender ou aprendizagem, dependendo de como apresentada na sentena. (gerndio) They are learning how to get more information. = (aps o verbo to be) Eles esto aprendendo como conseguir mais informaes.

(verbo no infininitivo) This is a way of learning about management. = (aps preposies) Esta uma maneira de aprender sobre gerenciamento.

(Substantivo) This is part of the learning process. = (parte de um grupo nominal) Isto parte do processo de aprendizagem. O SUFIXO ED PODE INDICAR PASSADO E PARTICPIO COMO DIFERENCILOS? Roentgen discovered x-rays. Roenten descobriu o raio-x. Aps o sujeito o prefixo Ed formar um verbo no passado. X-rays were discovered in 1895 by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen. Raios-x foram descobertos em 1895 por Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

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O prefixo ED formar o particpio quando for um adjetivo ou o segundo de uma orao.

EXERCCIOS 1- Destaque os prefixos e sufixos nas palavras abaixo:

Resulting Called Easily Disagreement Remove uncomfortable

2- Classifique em cada frase as palavras formadas por ING como: (substantivo, gerndio ou verbo) a) They are learning radiology.

b) Teleprocessing is the use of a telecommunication system by a computer. c) She works 10 hours without stopping.

3- Identifique nas frases abaixo se as palavras formadas por ED esto no passado ou particpio.

1- An alpha is a particle emitted from the nucleus of an atom. 2- The rad is a unit used to measure a quantity called absorbed dose. 3- Roentgen produced a radiography 4- A radiography was produced by Roentgen. 5- They prepared the patients.

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UNIDADE 11: GRUPOS NOMINAIS Grupos nominais so grupos de palavras, compostos por duas ou mais palavras que esto relacionadas entre si, sendo que uma a palavra principal; o substantivo (ncleo), e as outras so os modificadores; palavras que caracterizam o substantivo.Esta estrutura gramatical segue uma ordem diferente da do portugus. Observe o exemplo a seguir: High speed particles 1 2 3 1= high , significa alta e est modificando o sentido da palavra speed 2= speed, significa velocidade e est modificando o sentido da palavra particles. 3= particles, significa partculas e a palavra principal do grupo. Traduzindo teremos: High speed particicles Partculas de alta velocidade Observe que nos grupos nominais em Ingls a palavra principal, ou seja, o substantivo (ncleo) sempre a ltima palavra do grupo, ao passo que em portugus ns comeamos o grupo com ela. Vejamos mais alguns exemplos: Electric Energy = Energia Eltrica Visible light = Luz Visvel Ionizing radiation = Radiao ionizante Interdisciplinary science = Cincia interdisciplinar Plural dos substantivos Em Ingls, os adjetivos so invariveis, ou seja,no sofrem nenhuma flexo. J os substantivos no s so variveis,como tambm, tm algumas regras especficas para a realizao do plural. Exemplos: Radioactive atoms tomos radioativos 48

Radioactive atom tomo radioativo Observe que o adjetivo permanece igual tanto no singular quanto no plural,porm quando fazemos a traduo para o portugus preciso fazer a concordncia do adjetivo com o substantivo. Mais um exemplo: Bad boy Garoto malvado Bad girl Garota malvada Percebe-se no exemplo acima que ,em ingls, o adjetivo ficou igual tanto para o masculino quanto para o feminino, porm em portugus, foi feita a concordncia apropriada. Regras para colocar os substantivos no plural: 1- Regra geral Acrecenta-se S ao substantivo Atom =atoms (tomo) 2- Substantivo terminado em S,SH,CH,X,O,Z Acrescenta-se ES ao substantivo Box=boxes (caixa) 3- Substantivo terminado em Y - Acrescenta-se S se o Y for precedido de Vogal Boy = boys (garoto) -Troca-se o Y por IES se o Y for precedido de Consoante City = cities (cidade) 4- Substantivo terminado em F ou FE Geralmente troca-se o F ou FE por VES

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Shelf =shelves (estante) 5- Plural Irregular Man =men (homem) Woman=women (mulher) Child =children (criana) Tooth-teeth (dente) Foot=feet (p) Mouse=mice (camundongo) EXERCCIOS 1-Identifique nas oraes abaixo os grupos nominais ,classifique os como modificador ou palavra principal e em seguida faa a traduo:. a)Radioactivity is the spontaneous transformation of an unstable atom and often results in the emission of radiation. b)The unit gray can be used for any type of radiation, but it does not describe the biological effects of the different radiations. c)The sievert is a unit used to derive a quantity called equivalent dose. d)One Becquerel is that quantity of a radioactive material that will have 1 transformations in one second. e)A Chronic dose means a person received a radiation dose over a long period of time. 2- Escreva as palavras abaixo no plural: a-key b-image c-injury d-copy e-tooth f-child g-box h-screen i-ray j-knife k-wife l-man

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UNIDADE 12 X-RAY EQUIPMENTS

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UNIDADE 13 - RADIATION RELATED TERMS Radiation Radiation is energy in transit in the form of high speed particles and electromagnetic waves. We encounter electromagnetic waves every day. They make up our visible light, radio and television waves, ultra violet (UV), and microwaves with a large spectrum of energies. These examples of electromagnetic waves do not cause ionizations of atoms because they do not carry enough energy to separate molecules or remove electrons from atoms. Ionizing radiation Ionizing radiation is radiation with enough energy so that during an interaction with an atom, it can remove tightly bound electrons from their orbits, causing the atom to become charged or ionized. Examples are gamma rays and neutrons. Non-ionizing radiation Non-ionizing radiation is radiation without enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from their orbits around atoms. Examples are microwaves and visible light. Health Physics Health Physics is an interdisciplinary science and its application, for the radiation protection of humans and the environment. Health Physics combines the elements of physics, biology, chemistry, statistics and electronic instrumentation to provide information that can be used to protect individuals from the effects of radiation. Radioactivity Radioactivity is the spontaneous transformation of an unstable atom and often results in the emission of radiation. This process is referred to as a transformation, a decay or a disintegrations of an atom. Radioactive Material Radioactive Material is any material that contains radioactive atoms. Radioactive Contamination Radioactive contamination is radioactive material distributed over some area, equipment or person. It tends to be unwanted in the location where it is, and has to be cleaned up or decontaminated. Common Types of Radiation Gamma Rays Gamma rays are electromagnetic waves or photons emitted from the nucleus (center) of an atom. Betas A beta is a high speed particle, identical to an electron, that is emitted from the nucleus of an atom Alphas An alpha is a particle emitted from the nucleus of an atom, that contains two protons and two neutrons. It is identical to the nucleus of a Helium atom, without the electrons.

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Neutrons Neutrons are neutral particles that are normally contained in the nucleus of all atoms and may be removed by various interactions or processes like collision and fission X rays X Rays are electromagnetic waves or photons not emitted from the nucleus, but normally emitted by energy changes in electrons. These energy changes are either in electron orbital shells that surround an atom or in the process of slowing down such as in an X-ray machine. Common Units - USA These are the common units used in the United States in health physics. Roentgen (R) The roentgen is a unit used to measure a quantity called exposure. This can only be used to describe an amount of gamma and X-rays, and only in air. One roentgen is equal to depositing in dry air enough energy to cause 2.58E-4 coulombs per kg. It is a measure of the ionizations of the molecules in a mass of air. The main advantage of this unit is that it is easy to measure directly, but it is limited because it is only for deposition in air, and only for gamma and x rays. Rad (radiation absorbed dose) The rad is a unit used to measure a quantity called absorbed dose. This relates to the amount of energy actually absorbed in some material, and is used for any type of radiation and any material. One rad is defined as the absorption of 100 ergs per gram of material. The unit rad can be used for any type of radiation, but it does not describe the biological effects of the different radiations. Rem (roentgen equivalent man) The rem is a unit used to derive a quantity called equivalent dose. This relates the absorbed dose in human tissue to the effective biological damage of the radiation. Not all radiation has the same biological effect, even for the same amount of absorbed dose. Equivalent dose is often expressed in terms of thousandths of a rem, or mrem. To determine equivalent dose (rem), you multiply absorbed dose (rad) by a quality factor (Q) that is unique to the type of incident radiation. Curie (Ci) The curie is a unit used to measure a radioactivity. One curie is that quantity of a radioactive material that will have 37,000,000,000 transformations in one second. Often radioactivity is expressed in smaller units like: thousandths (mCi), one millionths (uCi) or even billionths (nCi) of a curie. The relationship between becquerels and curies is: 3.7 x 1010 Bq in one curie. Common Units - SI - International Standard Note: These are the common units used throughout the world in health physics. Gray (Gy) The gray is a unit used to measure a quantity called absorbed dose. This relates to the amount of energy actually absorbed in some material, and is used for any type of radiation and any material. One gray is equal to one joule of energy deposited in one kg of a material. The unit gray can be used for any type of radiation, but it does not describe the biological effects of the different radiations. Absorbed dose is often expressed in terms of

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hundredths of a gray, or centi-grays. One gray is equivalent to 100 rads. Sievert (Sv) The sievert is a unit used to derive a quantity called equivalent dose. This relates the absorbed dose in human tissue to the effective biological damage of the radiation. Not all radiation has the same biological effect, even for the same amount of absorbed dose. Equivalent dose is often expressed in terms of millionths of a sievert, or micro-sievert. To determine equivalent dose (Sv), you multiply absorbed dose (Gy) by a quality factor (Q) that is unique to the type of incident radiation. One sievert is equivalent to 100 rem. Becquerel (Bq) The Becquerel is a unit used to measure a radioactivity. One Becquerel is that quantity of a radioactive material that will have 1 transformations in one second. Often radioactivity is expressed in larger units like: thousands (kBq), one millions (MBq) or even billions (GBq) of a becquerels. As a result of having one Becquerel being equal to one transformation per second, there are 3.7 x 1010 Bq in one curie. Terms Related to Radiation Dose Chronic dose A Chronic dose means a person received a radiation dose over a long period of time. Acute dose An acute dose means a person received a radiation dose over a short period of time. Somatic effects Somatic effects are effects from some agent, like radiation that are seen in the individual who receives the agent. Genetic effects Genetic effects are effects from some agent, that are seen in the offspring of the individual who received the agent. The agent must be encountered pre-conception. Teratogenic effects Teratogenic effects are effects from some agent, that are seen in the offspring of the individual who received the agent. The agent must be encountered during the gestation period. Stochastic effects Stochastic effects are effects that occur on a random basis with its effect being independent of the size of dose. The effect typically has no threshold and is based on probabilities, with the chances of seeing the effect increasing with dose. Cancer is a stochastic effect. Non-stochastic effect Non-stochastic effects are effects that can be related directly to the dose received. The effect is more severe with a higher dose, i.e., the burn gets worse as dose increases. It typically has a threshold, below which the effect will not occur. A skin burn from radiation is a non-stochastic effect.

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UNIDADE 14 : PARTES DO CORPO HUMANO THE HUMAN BODY 1- Forehead: testa 2- Cheek: bochecha 3- Hair: cabelo 19- Wrist: pulso 20- Brain: crebro 21- Head: cabea 37- Waist: cintura 38- Stomach: estmago 39- Belly: barriga

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4- Chin: queixo 5- Neck: pescoo 6- Eye: olho 7- Nose: nariz 8- Ear: orelha 9- Mouth: boca 10- Eyelashes: clios 12- Eyelid: plpebra 13- Tooth: dente 14- Lip: lbio 15- Tongue: lngua

22- Shoulder: ombro 23- Chest: peito (trax)

40- Womb: tero 41- Back: costas

24- Upper arm: parte superior do 42- Rib: costela brao 25- Arm: brao 26- Forearm: antebrao 27- Lung: pulmo 28- Heart: corao 30- Knee: joelho 31- Calf: panturrilha 32- Ankle: tornozelo 33- Leg: perna 43- Navel: umbigo 44- Nail: unha 45- Intestine: intestino 46- Hip: quadril 47- Elbow: cotovelo 48- Face: rosto 49- Nape: nuca 50- Fingernail: unha da mo 51- Throat: garganta 52- Armpit: axila

11-Eyebrow: sobrancelha 29- Thigh: coxa da perna

16- Fingers: dedos das 34- Lower leg: canela da perna mos 17- Thumb: polegar 18- Hand: mo 36- Palm: palma da mo

35- Breast: seio, peito (de mulher) 53- Foot: p 54- Toes: dedos do p

http://www.solinguainglesa.com.br/conteudo/Vocabulary5.php

UNIDADE 15: CURIOSIDADES Tradues Curiosas de Ttulos de Filmes - Curious Titles of Movies into Portuguese Raramente feita a traduo literal de ttulos de filmes do Ingls para o Portugus. Para os distribuidores de filmes, a adpatao dos ttulos aproxima o filme do seu pblico; eles concordam que filmes so parte da arte do pas que o produziu, mas adicionam que cada pas tem sua prpria cultura e ponto de vista.

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Assim, eles tentam ligar o ttulo original em Ingls a expresses que so comuns no Brasil. Por este lado a adptao justa, mas infelizmente, s vezes, a falta de criatividade grande e a adaptao acaba sendo algo bizarro ou at mesmo misterioso. Na tabela abaixo encontram-se alguns ttulos de filmes traduzidos do Ingls para o Portugus. Faa seu prprio julgamento com relao s adaptaes! Ttulo em Ingls Ttulo em Portugus Traduo literal Airplane Analyze This Home Alone Mystic River Cinderella Man Monster's Ball Torque Saw Birth Apertem os cintos... o piloto Avio sumiu Mfia no Div Esqueceram de Mim Sobre Meninos e Lobos A Luta Pela Esperana A ltima Ceia Fria em Duas Rodas Jogos Mortais Reencarnao Analise Isso Sozinho em Casa Rio Mstico Homem Cinderela Baile dos Monstros Torque Serra Nascimento Ns No Moramos Mais Aqui Cabea nas Nuvens O Trabalho Italiano A Senhora na gua Bsico Porque eu disse Carne e Sangue

We Don't Live Here Tentao Anymore Head in the Clouds The Italian Job Lady in the Water Basic Because I said So Flesh + Blood An American Haunting Basic Instint Running Scared Breakfast at Tiffany's Don't Say a Word Shallow Hal The Sound of Music Sky Captain The Next Best Thing My Girl City by the Sea Scream The Transporter Angel's Heart Trs Vidas e um Destino Uma Sada de Mestre A Senhora da gua Violao de Conduta Minha me quer que eu case Amor e Sangue

Assombrados - Uma Histria Uma Assombrao Americana Americana Instinto Fatal Medo de Morte Bonequinha de Luxo Nem uma Palavra O Amor Cego A Novia Rebelde Capito Sky Sobrou pra Voc? Meu Primeiro Amor O ltimo Suspeito Pnico Carga Explosiva Corao Satnico Instinto Bsico Correndo Assustado Caf da Manh na Tiffany's No Diga uma Palavra Hal (nome do personagem) Superficial O Som da Msica Capito do Cu A Prxima Melhor Coisa Minha Garota Cidade Beira Mar Grito O Transportador Corao de Angel (nome do

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personagem) Giant Sweetest Thing Killing Me Softly The Tuxedo Like Mike Memento Assim Caminha a Humanidade Gigante Tudo para Ficar com Ele Mate-me de Prazer Pequenos Grandes Astros Amnsia A Coisa mais Doce Matando-me Lentamente Como Mike Lembrana Dirigindo no Carro com os Garotos Os Onze Homens de Ocean (nome do personagem) Tudo sobre Eve (nome da personagem) Jane Calamidade Shane (nome do personagem) O Grande Pas O Padrinho State E Main (so duas ruas desse filme) As Boas Garotas Viva Negra Lulu na Ponte Salto da F A Milha Verde Mandbulas Filme Assustador Filme pico

O Terno de 2 Bilhes de Dlares O Terno

Riding in Car with Boys Os Garotos da Minha Vida Ocean's Eleven All About Eve Calamity Jane Shane The Big Country The Godfather State and Main The Good Girls Black Widow Lulu on the Bridge Leap of Faith The Green Mile Jaws Scary Movie Epic Movie Onze Homens e um Segredo A Malvada Ardida como Pimenta Os Brutos Tambm Amam Da Terra Nascem os Homens O Poderoso Chefo Deu a Louca nos Astros Por um Sentido na Vida O Mistrio da Viva Negra Mistrio de Lulu F demais no cheira bem A Espera de um Milagre Tubaro Todo Mundo em Pnico Deu a Louca em Hollywood

http://www.solinguainglesa.com.br/conteudo/filmes.php

REFERNCIA BIBLIOGRFICA CRUZ, Dcio Torres & SILVA, Alba Valria & ROSAS, Marta. Ingls.com.textos para informtica. Salvador: O Autor , 2001. GUANDALINI, Eiter Otvio. Tcnicas de leitura em Ingls.Estgio 1 - So Paulo: TEXTO NOVO, 2002. MARTINS, Elisabeth P. & PASQUALIN, Ernesto & AMOS, Eduardo. Graded English. So Paulo: Moderna,1993. MUNHOZ, Rosngela. Ingls Instrumental Estratgias de Leitura. Mdulo I. So Paulo: TEXTO NOVO, 2000. ________.Ingls Instrumental Estratgias de Leitura. Mdulo II. So Paulo: TEXTO NOVO, 2001. TORRES,Nelson. Gramtica Prtica da Lngua Inglesa - O Ingls Descomplicado . So Paulo: Saraiva, 1993.

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PLANO DE ENSINO 2011

DISCIPLINA: INGLS TCNICO POSIO NA GRADE DO CURSO: 3 SEMESTRE LETIVO CDIGO: CARGA HORRIA SEMESTRAL: 40 HORAS / AULA

EMENTA: A disciplina explora os aspectos lingustico gramtico discursivos, focando especificamente o uso da lngua e as estratgias de leitura visando a interpretao e a compreenso de textos especficos da carreira. OBJETIVOS: Desenvolver no aluno habilidades e estratgias de leitura. CONTEDO PROGRAMTICO: CRONOGRAMA

AULA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

ASSUNTO O que Ingls Tcnico? Estratgias de leitura Conscientizao Pronomes de referncia (Parte 1) Pronomes de referncia (Parte 2) Pronomes Interrogativos Demonstrativos Formas Nominais dos Verbos Presente Simples Passado Simples Futuro Simples Verbos To be e There to be Modal Verbs Comandos Grupos Nominais Os adjetivos Comparaes O caso possessivo Formao de palavras (Afixos) As classes de palavras Parts of the body (Partes do corpo) Falsos Cognatos e

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