Maths formula sheet

Graphing Technique
1. Circles a. The general equation is i. Where   2. Ellipses a. The general equation is i. Where ii. iii. 



,
      
 

3. Parabola a. The general equation is b. In the case of     c. In the case of of 4. Hyperbola a. The general equation is b. The asymptotes are 5. Rectangular hyperbola a. The general equation is b. The vertical asymptote is



OR OR , a variation of ,a variation ,  
    
 

, where   

 


OR OR

  

 

, where 

 

 

, while the horizontal asymptote is

Inequalities
1. For all 2.  3. 4. If a. b. c. 5. 6. , where and


APGP
1. The general term for AP is

a. Where is the first term, and is the common difference 2. The sum of the first terms in an AP is  3. The general term for GP is a. Where is the first term, and is the common ratio 4. The sum of the first terms in a GP is
   

5. The sum to infinity (the limit) is

Binomial Expansion
1. Equation for binomial expansion if a.
      

b. OR

i. Where 2. Equation for binomial expansion if a.



And


3. Useful shortcut expansions a. b.

Sigma Notation and Method of Difference

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
  a. The reverse hold true, as long as the lower and upper limit is the same  a. You can only remove constants   Constant series : Arithmetic series: a. Where and are real constants Geometric series: a. Where and are real constants

Recurrence Relations
1. Arithmetic progression

a. Closed form formula: i. While b. Recurrence formula: i. While 2. Geometric progression a. Closed form formula: i. While b. Recurrence formula: i. While