REPORT ON INVESTIGATION FOR GRAPHITE, NISHIKHAL - KINCHIKHAL AREA, KORAPUT DIST, ORISSA. Singh K.P., Lal A.

K On the basis of the recommendations made in the previous Field Seasons work of P.Balakrishnan(F.S.1979-80) detailed Search for graphite in the area sround Laknajorna,where a graphite mine exists was done during consecutive two Field Seasons (1980-81 & 81-82) and then, mineralized zones namely Nishikhal ,Kanch|ikhal and liakhajorna uere demarcated. Besides these mineralised zones, other small occurrences were also located around Liligu.mma, Toldoshi and Bhitnrdulki. Graphite occurs as <r> pockets lens and veins in quartz-garnet-sillimanite schist and gneisses and quartzites of Khondalite Suite and migmatites-all belonging to the Eastern Ghat Super Group. The graphite occurrences are seen in en-echelon fashion and are generally confined to the planes of weaknesss viz. foliation planes and axial planes of the minor folds. All these occurrences are spread over a Stroke length of about 9 km. The occurrences to the west of Nishikhal village comprising the Nishikhal mineralised zone has been explored in detail in a block measuring 350 m x 150m., Out of seven graphite bodies of this mineralised zone, two appear to be more promising, In Kinchikhal mineralised zone, eight numbers of occurrences have been noted of uhich four appear to be economically significant. In this zone (200 m wsw of the village) graphite is noted to occur along the vertically plunging minor folds(the trace of axial plane almost N-S) in addition to the vein type of graphite. The grade varies from poor disseminated type to graphite schist. Visual estimate of F.C. range between 10 and 40 percent. The graphite mineralisation is both structurally and lithologically controlled. During migmatisation some remobilisation of the graphite present in the metasediments has taken place along the planes of weakness. From whatever little exposures seen, the area appears to be promising. REPORT ON THE INVESTIGATION FOR GRAPHITE IN PARTS OF BOLANGIR, SAMBALPUR AND KALAHANDI DIST, ORISSA. Mohanty S.D The investigation was carried out in parts of Balangir, Sambalpur and Kalahandi districts with an objective to prepare an inventory of exposed graphite resources wherever possible and demarcate graphite bearing areas for future detailed survey. The work included preparation of an inventory of quarries for geological data, reconnaissance study of 665 sq.km in graphite bearing areas, pitting and trenching of 56.65 cu.m, and collection of 28 channel samples. Graphite in the form of bands (containing rich dissemination), veins and lensoid bodies occur within the migmatised khondalite. The mineralised bodies are mostly parallel to the foliation in the host rock. Inspite of a lower fixed carbon content, the band type of bodies are considered important for their considerable depth and strike extensions, consequently giving a larger tonnage. A possible reserve of 57,415 tonnes of graphite of possible category has been estimated. The graphite contains 5.93% to 7.25% F. C. . Manganese mineralisation has also been noted in Jhumkimal R. F., Khuntsamalai and Dobmal areas of Balangir district.

A REPORT ON THE ASSESSMENT OF GRAPHITE RESOURCES IN PARTS OF KORAPUT DIST, ORISSA Balakrishnan P Although disseminations and stray pockets of graphite are known in khondalite, largescale concentration and veins of graphite of probable commercial viability are reported for the first time in the Rayagada sub-division of Koraput district, particularly in the Lakkajorna and Palur areas, Fortysix small and medium sized graphite bodies have been identified in the course of this preliminary survey. Graphite is found to occur in graphite schists and graphite quartzite and also as veins in granite gneiss, khondalite and quartzite or in association with pegmatite veins. The preliminary assessment has yielded encouraging results and detailed work, both geological and geophysical, are suggested to be taken up in some selected sectors. REPORT ON THE INVESTIGATION FOR GRAPHITE IN PARTS OF BOLANGIR AND KALAHANDI DIST, ORISSA. Mohanty S.D With an objective of preparing an inventory of graphite quarries to assess the exposed resources,qeoloqical investiaation for graphite was continued in parts of Bolangir and Kalahandi districts,Orissa.Reconnaissance study covering an area of 321 sq.km/pittinq and trenchinq of 95.6 cu.m. and collection of 34 channel samples for chemical analysis from some of the quarries and prospecting trenches were undertaken in course of inventory of graphite quarries. Miqmatised khondalite is the host rock in which workable concentration of qraphite is noted. Structural control was found to be the major factor controlling graphite localization in the area in the form of bands, lenses and veins. A possible reserve 1,11,201 tonnes of graphite with fixed carbon varying from 3% to 73% was calculated for 10 quarries and 4 deposits (not under quarrying) examined. Occurrence of man<r>anese near Bichkaman, Rengali and Taprang in Kalahandi was noted. Muscovite and beryl association in pegmatite near Bichkaman, Kalahandi district was observed while qalena near Tulanq and pyrite-pyrrhotite. association in granite gneiss was found at Balbaspur in the same district. A good quartz deposit north of Tapang was another find. REPORT ON ASSESSMENT OF GRAPHITE RESOURCES IN PARTS OF KORAPUT DIST, ORISSA Lal A.K, Mathur V.K., Patra R.N., Saxena A.K. As many as twenty new graphite occurrences have been located during the course of geological mapping of about 600 sq. km area in Koraput district on 1:15,840 scale. Graphite occurs mainly in the form of vein, veinlets, pocket and dissemination in quartzfelspar-garnet-sillimanite graphite gneiss and schist, which are generally associated with garnetiferous granite/quartzofelspathic injections. Graphite is noticed in leptynite. It is generally noticed along foliation and joint planes and shear zones. Though, in general, graphite occurrences are small to very small, the possibility of promising and rich zones cannot be ruled out. Panubadi, Matalamba, Peddakesala and Pachchangi occurrences may prove to be promising ores after detailed exploration work. Geophysical survey may be

helpful in locating graphite under soil cover in some areas. The quality of graphite is good and is cryptocrystalline to flaky and ribbon type. An attempt has been made to compute the tentative resources (probable and possible) of graphite bodies met with during course of mapping in the absence of availability of results of chemical analysis of various graphite samples. Probable and possible resources of graphite are 1046.42 tonnes and 2041.41 tonnes respectively. The area forms a part of Archaean terrain and rock types exposed belong to the Eastern Ghat Super Group, represented by knondalite group which includes quartz-felspar-garnet-sillimanite graphite-gneiss and schist, calc granulite, garnetiferous quartzite and leptynite and charnockite group which includes pyroxene granulite, acid to intermediate charnockite and garnetiferous granite gneiss and quaternary laterite/bauxite. The general trend of foliation shown by the rock types varies from NNE-SSW to NE-SW with steep dips (50-86) due ESE to SE respectively. The rocks nave undergone high grade regional metamorphism of granulite facies. REPORT ON THE INVESTIGATION FOR GRAPHITE IN TUREKELA AND BAKBERA AREAS OF BALANGIR AND KALAHANDI DIST, ORISSA. Ankanna V., Chakraborty P., Mohanty S.D, Renganathan M. Graphite investigation in Turekels are of Balangir district and Bakbsra area of Kalahandi district was taken up in partial fulfillment of the 5-year schema for graphite investigation in Orissa Circle, GSI. In Turekela area, the graphite mineralisation is confined to the migmatised quartz-garnet-sillimanite- graphite schists/gneisses in which two distinct linear mineralized zones are identified between (i) Ganjandar-Sahbaniki (.17 km long) and (ii) Nagphane-Jamki (14 km long). Within this zones graphite occurs as discrete lenticular bodies generally disposed parallel to the NNW-SSE to NNE-SSW foliation 4n the host rocks with a low easterly dips (10 to 30 ). These bodies are located at the synformal axial zone of WNW-ESE axial ward superimposed over that of NNE synformal axis of tight overtutned fold. Such zones identified are i)Bahabal-Beniamal (ii)Tentelkhunti-Banjipali (iii)Palsakani Nala axis(iu)Barabanki-Jamki and (v)Sanbanki axas. Because of thick soil mantle, exposures of graphite are rare and only geophysical probe followed by drilling can help in locating the bodies. Graphite of the exposed deposits of the area range between 5.67 to 78.48% of F.C. Two linear bands east and west of Bakbera are identified with strike lengths of 2.3 km and 4.8 km respectively and width varying from 0.9 m to 11.5m uithin the migmatite zone trending NNU-S5E, Graphite samples colledted from these bands range from to % and from to % F.C. respectively. A total possible reserveof 19,993 tonnes of graphite has been estimated for the two bands based on trenching result. Graphite of Turekela area is flaky type while the Bakbera graphite is cryptocrystalline type. Shearing and hydrothermal acrivity is evident in mineralised zone of both the areas where indications of graphite in the form of dissemination in quartz-garnet-sillimanite rocks and clots and pockets in pegmatite and qusrtz vein are seen. As identified by photo-geological studies, extensive sheet and gully erosion is characteristic of the graphite mineralized area. Crystalline limestone bodies of small dimensions in calc-granulite were located around Barla, Muribahal and Bahabal in Balangir district. Samples collected from these bodies range in CaO between 34.44% to 54.30%.

REPORT ON THE INVESTIGATION FOR GRAPHITE IN SALEPALI AND TUREKELA AREAS. BOLANGIR DIST, ORISSA. Kanungo S.C., Mohanty S.D, Rath S.C. Geological mapping of 16O sq.km. on 1:12,500 scale,drilling of 113.10 m of auger holes and drilling of 686 m in fourteen boreholes in Salepali and Turekela areas of Balangir district, Orissa,has delineated an East-West trending potential graphite zone between Hiljlbahal and Rahenmal, which is the continuation of 3argimunda-Tara tract. Graphite mineralisation is associated with quartz-garnet-sillimanite-graphite schist migmatite as veins and bands, Six zones of graphite have been delineated.Structural basins and fold hinge zones appear to be good loci of mineralisation. Two bands of crystalline limestone having a strike length of 125m and 500 m with widths varying from 5 to 50 m is also recorded. REPORT ON ASSESSMENT OF GRAPHITE RESOURCES IN PARTS OF KORAPUT DISTRICT, ORISSA. Pasayat S, Patra R. N In an area of about 195 sq.km. constituting parts of Koraput district and falling in parts of 65 M/4,quartz-garnet-sillimanite schist/gneiss, garnetiferous quartzite, calc-granulite, charnockite, garnetiferous granite gneiss (porphyritic and non-porphyritic), quartz and pegmatite veins occur. The most prominent foliation strikes generally NNE-SSW with dips varying 50 -80 towards ESE. Although graphite disseminated in the khondalite constitutes about 0.5-1% of bulk by volume, richer concentrations were observed only at two localities. At about 200m east of Chuchkona village, a small vein of flaky graphite, one metre long and 15 cm wide, was observed at the contact of khondalite with nonporphyritic granite gneiss. Depth continuity and strike extension of the occurrence were limited only upto one metre as observed by pitting. Another small lense of flaky graphite measuring 1m X 10cm X 1m, trending N30 E-S3O W and dipping 55 towards SE was observed near Punjapai village. Both these occurrences do not warrant examination in detail. REPORT ON THE GRAPHITE INVESTIGATION IN PARTS OF BOLANGIR, KALAHANDI AND PULBANI DISTRICTS OF ORISSA. Kanungo S.C, Ankanna V., Mohanty S.D., Nanda K.N. Graphite investigation for regional assessment of graphite resources was continued during 1983-84 Field Season covering an area of 302 sq km in parts of Bolangir, Kalahandi and Phulbani districts of Orissa.The area is mostly covered by soil/slope wash debris with sporadic outcrops of khondalite and Charnockite suite of rocks, granite gneisses and their related quartz and pegmatite veins. Low to medium grade graphite bodies with ceirbon content ranging from 5 to 30% have been located in Kan-dhenjhulaDarrhamunda, Sargimunda-Banipali,Dhurgiamunda, Dhourakhaman-Rengali and Mahanilaha-Dudukamal zones in Balangir and Belgaon-Barabandha-Mansara area of Kalahandi district. The strike of these graphite bodies vary from 15 to 640 m with width

ranging from 1.2 to 6.4 m. A reserve of 1,49,527 tonnes of graphite schist con-gaining 515% F.C.has been estimated down to a depth of 10 m below the ground. Test drilling of geophysical anomalies in Turekela area of Balangir district indicated graphite intersection of 0.2 to 4.7 m thickness 2 to 5.5 m below the ground. The fixed carbon content of these graphite bodies appears to vary from 5 to 50%. GRAPHITE INVESTIGATION IN BOLANGIR DIST, ORISSA. Bhattacharya A The report embodies the results of an investigation for graphite by geological mapping, pitting and trenching in the Titilagarh sub-division in the Bolangir district. The major rock type in the area consists of a granite gneiss in which a group of older metamorphics consisting of the khondalites, charnockites and amphibolites are found as remnants. The graphite occurrences in topo-sheet No.64 P/3 seem to follow a huge sigmoidal flexure from Malisira on the -west through Sialjolingi, Pipliband, Sikra, Tolka to Kumripadar on the east, Fifteen major occurrences have been described in topo-sheet Nos. 64 P/3 and 64 P/7, Owing to haphazard mining methods, much graphite has been left unworked in the waterlogged, abandoned pits. Along with the intensive search for locating new occurrences of graphite, modern methods of mining and beneficiation should be applied in order to enable ores containing less than 45 of carbon to find a better market." ASSESSMENT OF GRAPHITE RESOURCES IN PARTS OF KORAPUT AND PHULBANI DISTRICTS, ORISSA. Adhikari K. N, Jena S. K, Pasayat S, Satpathy U. N Assessment of graphite resources in parts of Koraput and Phulbani districts was continued during the field season 1985-86.An area of 403 sq.kms constituting parts of 65 M/1Q has been mapped,397.57 cu. metres of pitting and trenching completed in course of resource evaluation and 51 groove and grab samples collected ascertaining the grade of graphite occurrences located during the investigation. Migmatised knondalite, the host rock for graphite mineralisation, occupy low lying areas in the Eastern Ghat tract. Besides, charnockite, migmatised at places, leptynite, pyroxena gramuite, calc grariulite, granite gneniss are the other chief rock types of the area. Two generations of folding have been recognised in the area. Strike of axial trace of first generation folds change from NW-SE in southern parts, through DJ-S in the central parts to NNB-SSW in the northern parts of the area. Direction of plunge changes accordingly. Axial trace of second generation folds strike in WNW-ESE direction. Mineral assemblages in the rocks indicative pyroxene granulite subfaces of granulite facies of metamorphism. Feldspathisation of the rocks is quite pervasive. Graphite mineralisation has bean recorded in low pressure areas associated with pegmatitesf el feldspathic veins and stringers, and develops at of coarse flaky biotite .Although economic graphite occurrences are apparently sporadic but along with uneconomic ccurrences they follow the regional structural trends. Graphite occurrences located at Bahali Padampur (I9 38:8332), alagurhi (I9 4:8332), Naringapanga (1943:8333), Sana Mudra (1943:8334) appear to be promising prospects. Three other occurrences were also examined by pitting and trenching at Paik Dhakulgarh (1935:8333), Kalupadar

(1942:8332) and Nundurpalli (1945:8334). Abandoned mining activity for graphite was noted at Ghatna (1932:8337) and Kharigurha (1936:8341). REPORT ON THE ASSESSMENT OF GRAPHITE RESOURCES IN PARTS OF KORAPUT AND PHULBANI DISTRICTS, ORISSA Adhikari K. N, Pasayat S Evaluation of graphite resources in parts of Koraput and Phulbani districts falling in parts of toposheets 65 M/6,7,9,10,11 was continued. The area examined expose quart z-garnetsillimanite schist/gneiss, calc-silicate granulite, quartzite, charnockite, basic granulite, leptynite belonging to the Eastern Ghat Supergroup. Large scale mapping, pitting and trenching and sampling of Kharigurha area indicate presence of a small but economically viable graphite prospect having strike length of 184 metres and width varying from 1.50 m. to 8.00 metres, and fixed carbon content varying from 5% to 20% F.G. (V.E.).Resource potential upto a depth of 30 metres from surface is about 54,000 tonnes. Eight other graphite occurrences were also examined. Out of these, Panugurha occurrence probably does not have much strike extension. But G0tigurha and Katikhola occurrences appear to be quite promising and need further detailed examination by geophysical survey to establish strike extension and locate hidden lenses, if any, in the intervening soil covered areas. REPORT ON THE ASSESSMENT OF GRAPHITE RESOURCES IN PARTS OF KORAPUT, PHULBANI AND KALAHANDI DIST, ORISSA. Adhikari K.N, Sarangi B.B. Assessment of graphite resources in parts of Koraput, Phulbani and Kalahandi districts of Orissa was continued during the Field Season 1937-88.275 line kms. of traverse mapping,500 cu.m, of pitting and trenching was carried out besides study of aerial photographs for an area of 1600 sq.km in parts of Toposheets 65 M/5 and M/9 to delineate the potential graphite occurrences and to find out their controls of locali-zation Twenty four nos. of graphite samples were collected for chemical analysis. Occurrence of small pocket type graphite deposits which were confined within the contact zone of iragmatisecl Miondalite and granite gneiss were located in the area investigated. These graphite pockets are prominent wherever pegmatitic activity is more common. In this area it is observed that high hill ranges are mostly composed of khondalites, leptynites and the plains are mostly occupied by granitic rocks. Graphite occurrences are located in the low lying areas,as well as on slopes. The other rock types occurring in the area are charnockLtes, pyroxene granulites, quartzites and calc silicates. The general strike of these rocks varies from MW-SEE to NNE-SSW dipping 50 to 70 easterly. Though the graphite occurrences are sporadic in nature they follow the regional trend of the rocks of the area. Thirteen graphite occurrences were examined in the area of which Katikhola, Shankarmal, and Dhursi deposits appear to be important and need further prospecting. Geophysical survey, over these deposits as well as other pockets located in the area will be helpful to find out the strike extension of these deposits and to locate hidden graphite lenses if any in the area.

REPORT ON THE PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF GRAPHITE IN PARTS OF KORAPUT,PHULBANI AND KALAHANDI DIST, ORISSA. Adhikari K.N, Sarangi B.B. Regional assessment of graphite resources in parts of Koraput, Phulbanl and Kalahandl districts of Orissa was continued during the Field Season 1988-39.As a part of the programme, reconnaissance of 250 l.km 1:50,000 scale, pitting and trenching of 200 Cu.m studies of aerial photo 1500 sq.km. 1:60,000 scale, were carried out In farts of toposheet 65 M/7 around Sikarpal and Jaykaypur In Koraput district,Orissa. 4O staples were collected from the graphite occurrences located In the area and sent for analysis of fixed carbon content. The main litho-units in the area are khondallte, quartzlte, calcgranullte, pyroxene granullte, hornblende schist, charnocklte and granitic gneiss of the Eastern Ghat Super-group and laterite. The area has undergone intense raigmatlsatlon and deformation. The regional trend of foliation in these rocks is NNE-SSH with moderate dip towards east. Local variation of trend to N-S and NNW.SSE with dip towards west and south-west was also observed. Graphite was found to occur in the area In the form of graphite schist within khondallte. Concentration of graphite at places gave rise to minor pockets of graphite within ralgraatlsed khondallte, close to the contact of granite gneiss. Graphite schist bands are conformable to the regional trend of foliation. Possibly the enrichment of graphite along the weak zones of khond-dite has been made due to migmatlsatlon. Four graphite occurrences were located in the area among which the occurrences at Thandlpur and Birida are considered Important. Since most of the area is covered and basement rocks are not exposed. Geophysical survey may be helpful to decipher the continuity and extent of those graphite occurrences and may also throw light on other concealed graphite bodies. A REPORT ON THE DETAILED INVESTIGATION ON GRAPHITE BY DRILLING IN SAMBALPUR AND BOLANGIR - PATNA DIST, ORISSA. Bose P. The investigation for graphite by diamond drilling was taken up at the recommendations of the Eastern Region Geophysical Division of this department over some spontaneous potential anomaly zones in Sambalpur and Bolangir-Patna districts of Orissa. A total length of about 400 metres was drilled in ten boreholes around two S.P. Anomaly points, separated by a distance of about 1.5 km and sub-surface data have been collected from boreholes put down in the area. Drilling suggests that graphite forms several discontinuous irregular lenses pinching off within short distances both along strike and dip directions in garnetiferous granite gneiss. Estimation of reserves has been attempted with the recorded sub-surface data and based upon certain assumptions. The quantity of total overburden has also been calculated out keeping in view the importance of the ratio of total overburden to ore in mineral valuation. Tentative reserves of about 600 tonnes each of the better grade(carbon 545% to 82/o) and inferior grade( carbon 10%) of graphite in two blocks have been estimated. As such an estimation has Lasn attdmpted for the first time, the validity of such results can well be tested by carrying out exploratory mining through some trial pits at short depth, say, 10 metres from surface."

A REPORT ON THE INVESTIGATION FOR GRAPHITE BY DEEP DRILLING IN THE SAMBALPUR DIST, ORISSA. Mitra D Detailed geological mapping by plane table method and sampling of the chromiferous altered ultrabasic bodies near Rainogiri, Iforaput district,Orissa was carried out. The Lmpoi'tant rock types enconntered ai'e granite gneiss with thin bands of hornblende and talc-chlorite schist and chrotiferous altered ultra basics (talc-chlorite schist,). Detailed mapping(by /plane table Method) delineates a few isolated exposures of disseminated chromiferous bodies. Five pits were sunk for collection of samples. CrgOs varies from 24.00 to 27.49." SHORT NOTE ON GRAPHITE MINERALISATION , IN ATHMALLIK SUB DIVISION, DHENAKANAL DIST, ORISSA. Pattanaik H.N In pursuance of the field programme of the Geological Survey of India, Orissa Circle for 1970-71, (item No. GM/ME/6 page No.94) a resurvey of' the graphite occurrences in Athmallik, Sub-division Dhenakanal district was undertaken to study the control of Mineralisation, the nature of deposits etc. It appears that the graphite deposits of the area are epigenetic in origin and are structurally controlled. Most probably the vein type deposits are of hydrothermal fracture filling type and are of more economic viability than the pocket deposits. PROGRESS REPORT ON THE INVESTIGATION FOR GRAPHITE IN SANGIPALI AND TITLAGARH GRAPHITE BELT, BOLANGIR DIST, ORISSA. Kanungo S.C., Mohanty S.D. "The report embodies results of Geological investigation for graphite by geological mapping and pitting/trenching in parts of both Titilagarh and Sargipali graphite belt of Bolangir district, Orissa. A highly metamorphosed rock sequence belonging mainly to khondalite Formation of the Eastern Ghats Group and the associated granite gneisses are exposed in the area. The regional trend of foliation varies from NE-SW to NME-SSW with south easterly soo dips at 40 -70 . The graphite deposits of Sargipali belt appear to occur invariably in NE-SW trending linear tracts, covering the sheared and migmatised contacts of khondalite and fine to medium grained granite gneiss as a series of enechelon veins and lenses, their localisation being controlled by shearing and migmatisation of the host rock. In the course of the survey a few such migmatised zones with promising occurrences of graphite were delineated. Geophysical probing by S.P. method, undertaken by the Geophysical Division, Eastern Region, during the season, in parts of Titilagarh belt was found to be quite effective and reliable in locating Graphite bodies under soil cover. The anomalies, picked up at New-Malisira and Pipplibond area were proved successfully by trial/ pitting/trenching, where medium to low grade graphite bodies with sizeable dimensions were intersected two to three metres below the surface." REPORT ON THE INVESTIGATION FOR GRAPHITE OCCURRENCES IN SARGIPALI GRAPHITE BELT, BOLANGIR DIST, ORISSA.

Mohanty S.D. This report embodies the observations on the nature of graphite mineralisation in Sargipali graphite belt in parts of Bolangir district, Orissa. The graphite deposits occur as enechelon lenses, veins and bands along a NE-SW trending zone of migmatised khondalite, close to its contact with medium grained granite gneiss. The mineralised zone in the southern part has N-S trend which veers to NNW at places. Lensoid bodies of graphite appear to have a limited depth and strike continuity unlike the low grade graphite schist bands which have greater strike and depth persistence. Concentration of graphite bodies in the structurally weak zones like foliation, joints and crestal parts of the folds were observed. Pegmatite and quartz veins are common in the graphite mineralised zone and appear to have.a bearing on the concentration and growth of graphite flakes along their margins. Atleast some of the graphite deposits are epigenetic in nature. A possible reserve of 60,987 tonnes of graphite having 10% to 60% F.C. has been estimated in 4 quarries and other two occurrences down to a maximum depth of 10 m. It is recommended to continue the investigation in the remaining part of the Sargipali graphite belt and carry out the geophysical survey in the soil covered zones of Garjanda<r> Bender and Raju Reserve forests and Mahanilaha blocks." A report on the preliminary investigation of graphite deposits in the Bolangir-Patna district, Orissa Jayaram B. N. 64L; 64P he more important graphite deposits of Bolangir-Patna district occur scattered over an area of about 5560 square kilometres. The salient geological featurs of this area are the highly metamorphosed Archaean formations viz., the rocks of the khondalite series, which in this particular area carry numerous longitudinal bands of calcareous rocks (calc-schists and granulites). The effects of at least two cycles of granitic intrusion have converted the calcareous rocks into hybrid varieties with which many of the bigger deposits of graphite are associated. The cooling stages of the intrusive magmas have provided the necessary mineralisers in the form of hot, volatile vapours and the pegmatite dykes and veins have aided the collection, transportation and deposition in suitable enriched pockets, veins and lenses of graphite. Future mapping and demarcation of the favourable geological horizons followed by detailed mapping and prospecting of the graphite-bearing zones is expected to bring to light many valuable deposits. Future work for the discovery, prospecting any proving of graphite deposits in the Bolangir-Patna district is to be startead with initial geological mapping of the areas on a scale of 1:63,360 (1" to 1 mile) to demarcate the hybrid gneiss outcrops. Systematic geological mapping of the areas on a scale of 1:63,360 of the entire district

is already part of the programme of investigations.