Grammer 1 Greg Grammer Mr.

Neuburger English Composition 101-103 27 June 2011 Annotated Bibliography Nazis views on Jews Anti-Semitism Borenstein, Isak. "Survivor Stories, Isak Borenstein." Holocaust Survivors. Web. 29 June 2011. A very sobering first hand testimony about escaping and surviving the Nazi invasion of Poland. Isak fled into Russia where he tried to join a resistance group but was captured only to have to escape again. Surviving where he could by living a day to day existence Isak is still haunted by the memories of those experiences even today. A good firsthand account of what life for Jewish individuals who were able to flee Poland into Russia but ultimately not the reach of the Nazis. Eldridge, Stephen W. "The Forced Fusion of Nazism and Protestant Theology and Its Impact on Anti-Semitism in the Third Reich." Ebscohost. International Social Science Review, 2006. Web. 28 June 2011. The article highlights the ideological incompatibility that resulted from the union of Nazism and Protestant theology in Germany. It also describes the effects of this incompatibility on antiSemitism in the Third Reich. Although Nazi philosophy struck hard blows at the organizational integrity of German Protestant churches, it was also responsible for a far more insidious danger. German Protestants were acclimated to accept the adulterated Positive Christianity so favorable to Nazi ideology. Interesting exposure to how the Third Reich used a twisted view of one faith based belief system to manipulate individuals against another, before ultimately turning against them all. Farmer, Alan. "Hitler and the Holocaust." Ebscohost. History Review, Sept. 2007. Web. 28 June 2011. The article discusses issues related to the holocaust. In his last political testament in April 1945, German leader Adolf Hitler claimed with pride that the extermination of the Jews was his legacy to the world. Germany's military success in 1939-1940 resulted in a dramatic increase in the number of Jews under Nazi control. In the German-controlled areas of Poland alone there were

Grammer 2 some two million. The evidence suggests that until 1941 Hitler did not envisage an extermination program. Insightful look at how the extermination of millions developed and began to play out to a horrific end. Gelfound, Dan. "YouTube - Holocaust Survivor Joseph Morton Testimony." YouTube Broadcast Yourself. Web. 06 July 2011. Joseph Morton has lived in the Chicago Illinois area since 1948 and currently resides in Morton Grove Illinois. Joseph was born in Lodz Poland, July 1924 and was the oldest of 6 siblings. His family lived in an area of Lodz that was primarily a Jewish community. Within this area Joseph felt relatively safe and enjoyed spending time with other Jewish kids from his and other surrounding Jewish communities. He recalls some Anti-Semitic situations occurring from the Polish citizens before the start of WWII but nothing that seemed to threaten his familys existence. Joseph recalled that occasionally you would see or hear about an attack on some Jews from gangs they called the Endeckas, but he never recalled anyone losing their lives over this activity. He lived in a one bedroom apartment with his family and felt that the family was well provided for by his parents. His father was a tailor and his mother was a home maker for him and his siblings. Within two days of the start of the war with Poland the Germans had arrived at Lodz. Right away some of the local Poles would point out the Jewish individuals for the Germans, who would then haul them off at random. Some of these individuals would be taken to labor camps where they would be forced to build the very camps that would slaughter so many Jewish people later, others were tortured and killed. Initially Joseph and his brother were forced to work at a local police station performing routine labor duties. In 1940 the Nazis started to round up all Jews in the area of Lodz and force them to live in a certain area of the city. In May of 1940 the Lodz Ghetto was completely enclosed and guarded 24 hours a day by the Nazis. Starvation set in immediately as well as the continued random raids to collect Jews for labor camps or extermination. After the Warsaw Uprising the Nazis increased the rate that they were taking the Jews from the Ghetto to the concentration camps. Joseph and his entire family were loaded unto train cars designed for livestock and transported to Auschwitz in Poland. The cars were tightly packed with only enough room to stand and no bathroom facilities to relieve yourself. After arriving at Auschwitz everyone that had survived the train trip was lined up and then told to proceed left or right. Joseph, his father, one brother and a cousin were all sent in the same direction while the rest of his family went the other direction. This was the last time Joseph would ever see any of the other members of his family again. The next day they received information from other Jewish inmates that had been at Auschwitz for some time about the mass murder that was taking place. After a few days Joseph, his father, brother and cousin were selected to participate in a work detail within Germany. This selection ultimately saved their lives from certain death at Auschwitz. In Germany the group worked at several different locations performing various jobs for the Nazis. In the spring of 1945 Joseph contracted Typhus and was transported to a sick camp in Germany. This illness took a hug toll on Joseph who was already very weak from starvation. A friend in the sick camp encouraged Joseph to hold on for the impending liberation. One day the Nazis were to march everyone that could walk to another

Grammer 3 location. Joseph somehow found the strength to make the march, stating, I always knew and was always told never remain behind with the sick. He later learned that all those that could not travel were killed at the sick camp location by the Nazis. After arriving at the next temporary camp Joseph was so weak that he could only lie on the floor, he said I remember looking up and seeing a soldier but couldnt tell who was who. I think if it would have lasted another day or two, I would have been a goner completely. After liberation and recovering in a local hospital Joseph and his brother received travel authorization to Canada. In 1948 he and his brother were granted permission to relocate to the United States where he joined his Father who had recently arrived in Chicago. This was a very shocking firsthand account at just how easy Jewish life was taken by the Nazis. Gilbert. "Polish-Jewish Relations." Holocaust Survivors. Web. 29 June 2011. A very clear cut article about the history of the Jewish people in Poland from both before WWII and afterwards. Article describes the relations between Poles and Jews, how they interacted and what each cultural society meant to the other. Describes how the environment changed after WWII when many Jews felt betrayed by Polish residents. Good source for personal day to day interactions between the two cultures without being to political. Goldberg, Merle. "YouTube - Holocaust Survivor Leo Bach Testimony." YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. Web. 06 July 2011. Leo was born in Krakow Poland on May 21, 1927. He lived there and in the surrounding area until 1943, at which time Im not sure of his path of survival because the video ended. He currently lives in Cerritos California and appears to be in very good health for his age. Leos story was one of a young boy living in Poland with his family near a large Jewish community in the city of Krakow. Leos family seemed to be well established and prosperous. His father operated a very good business selling kosher meats out of two different store locations to the local Jewish community. They had a nice house which seemed to be very comfortable for the time period having both electricity and indoor plumbing. Before the war came to Poland in 1939 there was already an anti-Semitic feeling throughout a large portion of the population, but nothing that was life threatening. Leo recalled that sometimes some of his polish friends would say negative things like, Hitler will take care of you when he gets here, particularly after they had lost in a soccer game to Leo. There was also some disagreement about trivial Jewish issues within the political realms of Poland but nothing that wasnt able to be worked out between seated elected officials. After 1939 however things started to change very quickly. Within days of the invasion of Poland the Nazis already occupied Krakow. Almost immediately new laws started to be enforced which both identified those that were Jewish and limited their movements and amount of income. In March of 1941 the Krakow ghetto was formed and all Jewish residents were to relocate there. To avoid this Leos family bribed the local Polish authorities of a small

Grammer 4 rural community East of Krakow and moved there instead. In this move the family lost almost all that they had. They went from owning two prosperous businesses and a nice home to living in a one room apartment with no indoor utilities. This was still better than life in the ghetto and worked for them until August of 1942 when the final solution caught up with them. At this time they were moved to the village of Vagilika West of Krakow, which it turned out was just a holding pen for the death camps, surrounded by Nazi and Polish police. After several days Leo and his father were fortunate enough to be selected and put on a work truck but his mother, sister and younger brother could not go. The driver of their truck said he would return the next day for them, Leo said After this I never saw my mother or sister again. Leo and his father were delivered to the Krakow ghetto were they lived with an Aunt and Uncle that were already there. Leos brother arrived a few days later having escaped the holding pen of Vagiliska just in time to avoid be shipped off. Leo learned later that when the truck showed up at the holding pen of Vagiliska the next day there was a panic and a mob tried to get on the truck, his mother and sister did not make it out and were shipped to the death camps. Leo along with his father and brother were able to survive by finding their way to certain German work camps, escaping the liquidation of the ghetto. Leo gave a very interesting account of what life as a young Jewish boy in Poland was like. Family seemed to have done well financially which saved them for a short time but could not spare them from eventual lose. Kazez, Daniel. "A Jewish History of Lodz, Poland, by Daniel Kazez." JewishGen ShtetLinks. Shtelinks. Web. 06 July 2011. A historical timeline done in bullet format that is very easy to read and covers the rise of the Jewish communities in Poland, as well as key points in history that affected the Jewish peoples. Timeline is very useful as it runs to current day. Really like the way this is done. Very to the point and easy to use. A history lesson in five minutes. Rose, Mike. "History of the Jews in Poland." Member.core.com. Web. 6 July 2011. A timeline of Jewish immigration to Poland and the establishment of Jewish communities throughout Poland. Some significant contributions of the Jewish people to the country of Poland and how the polish community responded to the Jewish culture. Timeline starts from the earliest recorded Jewish documentation in Poland at 965 and goes to 1794.