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Activity 12 and 13 Basic Animal Cell Shapes Animal Tissues and Organs

Tissue Epithelial Tissues Simple Squamous Epithelium Location Function Description

Lining the blood vessels, air Diffusion, filtration and passage The simplest of all epithelial sacs of lungs, kidney tubules of materials where little tissues, simple epithelium and the lining of body cavities protection is needed consists of a single layer of thin, flat cells

Cuboidal Epithelium

Kidney tubules, glands and Secretion, absorption their ducts, terminal movement of substances bronchioles of lungs and surface of ovaries and retina

and The structure is a single layer of cube-shaped cells. Some have microscopic extensions called microvilli. Some have cilia that protrudes from their surface

Columnar Epithelium

Lining of the digestive and Secretion of mucus upper part of the respiratory tracts, auditory and uterine tubes

The structure is a single layer of tall, narrow cells. Some have microvilli and cilia

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Skin, mouth and throat lining; Protection, hard outer layer vaginal lining; anal lining and being continuously removed by cornea friction and replaced from below

The structure has several layers of cells. The lower layers are columnar and active. The upper layers are flattened at the surface

Pseudostratified Epithelium

Nasal cavity and sinuses, ducts Protection and secretion of The structure is a single layer of dome glands and some mucus of cells. It is similar to ducts of the male reproductive columnar epithelium but all system cells are not the same height. Some reach the surface and others do not. Some have cilia, and some have microvilli Lining of urinary bladder and Accomodation of fluid There are several layers of uterus fluctuations in an organ or tube columnar cells beneath layers by stretching easily of surface cells. Cells are flattened when tissue is stretched

Transitional Epithelium

Connective Tissues Dense Fibrous Connective Tendons and ligaments, Support ability to withstand Tissue attachments between organs great pulling forces in the and dermis of the skin direction in which the fibers are oriented

The structure consists of mostly collagen fibers with occasional rows of collagenproducing cells

Reticular Connective Tissue

Liver, lymph nodes, spleen and Support bone marrow

The structure is intertwined reticular fibers

Elastic Connective Tissue

Lung tissue, arteries

Strength with stretching and The structure consists of elastic recoil fibers dotted with cells

Loose Tissue

Widely distributed throughout Support, loose packing the body; packing between glands, muscles and nerves; attachments between the skin and underlying tissue

The structure consists of cells within a fine network of fibers (mostly collagen), which they produce. The cells and fibers are separated from each other by fluid-filled spaces

Hyaline Cartilage

Ends of long bones, joints, Flexible support, reduction of respiratory tubes, costal friction between movable cartilage of ribs, nasal cartilage bones and embryonic skeleton

Cartilage cells are found in lacunae within a rigid, transparent matrix. Collagen fibers are small and not visible

Elastic Cartilage

Auditory tube, external ear, Rigidity with flexibility, returning The structure resembles epiglottis in original shape after being hyaline cartilage but has elastic stretched fibers

Fibrocartilage

Connection between pubic Support, connection, shock The structure resembles bones, intervertebral disks absorption and ability to hyaline cartilage but has thick withstand considerable bundles of collagen fibers pressure

Bone

Bones of skeleton

Strength, support and protection of internal organs; storage of calcium; sttachment for muscles

Bone-making cells (osteocytes) are found on lacunae. In compact bone, the lacunae are arranged in circles around the Harvesian canals, which contain blood vessels and nerves. The structure is a hard mineralized matrix

Adipose Tissue

Under the skin insulations of Storage, insulation, organs such as the heart, support of organs kidney and breast

energy, The structure consists of lipidfilled, ring-shaped cells packed together

Blood

Blood vessels, heart

Protection of body from The structure consists of blood infections, transportation of cells in a fluid matrix oxygen, nutrients, wastes and other minerals; regulation of body temperature

Muscle Tissues Smooth Muscles

Walls of hollow organs, pupil of Regulation of size of organs, eye, skin (attached to hair) and forcing of fluid through tubes, glands control of amount of light entering eye and production of goose-flesh in the skin; under involuntary control

The tissue is not striated. The spindle-shaped cells have a single, centrally located nucleus

Skeletal Muscles

Attachment to bone

Movement of the body, under The tissue is striated. Cells are voluntary control large, long and cylindrical with several nuclei

Cardiac Muscles

Heart

Pumping of blood, involuntary control

under The tissue is striated. Cells are cylindrical and branching with a single centrally located nucleus

Nervous Tissues Nervous Tissues

Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves

and Sensitivity and conduction of Stellate-shaped cells nerve impulses

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