Professional Documents
Culture Documents
= +
+
+
= +
+
1
1
1
1
n para C x ln
n para C
n
x
C dx x
n
n
2) ( ) ( ) C x cos dx x sen +
1
3) ( ) ( ) C x sen dx x cos +
1
4) C e
a
dx e
ax ax
+ =
1
5) ( ) ( ) C x ax ln x dx ax ln + =
Exerccios:
1. C
x
dx x I + = =
6
6
5
2. C x
m n
n
dx x y
n m n n m
+
+
= =
+
3. C r
r
dr r s + = =
5 5
6
5
4. C t t dt
t t
t
z + = =
3
2
2
5
5.
C
s
k
s
kdx
I + = =
6 7
6
6. C x x
x
dx x
y + = =
3 2 2
3
2
8
3
7.
C e dx e
x x
+ =
2 2
2
1
Prof. Hans-Ulrich Pilchowski 87
a
Aula Aula de
reviso
2
8.
C e dx e
x x
+ =
3 3
3
7
7
9. ( ) ( ) C x cos dx x sen + =
5
5
1
5
10. ( ) ( ) C x sen dx x cos + =
6
6
1
6
11. ( ) ( ) C x cos dx x sen + =
4
4
3
4 3
12. ( ) ( ) C x sen dx x cos + =
3 3 3 9
13. ( ) ( ) C
x
x
x
dx x +
2
4
1
2
1
2 arccos
2
2 arccos
Integrao por substituio de variveis
Regra geral para integrais do tipo ( )
+ dx a x x
s q p
( )
+ dx a x x
s q p
, faz
1 q
1 q q
qx
du
dx dx qx du a x u
= = + =
Substituindo na integral vem
du x u
q
1
x . q
du
u x
1 q p s
1 q
p +
=
para que x desaparea, tem-se
a seguinte situao:
A condio nq 1 q p = + (
q
x obtido de a x u
q
+ = ), onde K , 2 , 1 , 0 n = . Ento,
( ) 1 q 1 n p + = que substitudo na integral, resulta em
( )
( ) dx a x x
s
q 1 q 1 n
+
+
Note-se que o expoente s e a constante a so quaisquer.
Exemplo: ( ) dx a x x dx
a x
x
2
1
2 3
2
3
+ =
+
Prof. Hans-Ulrich Pilchowski Notas de aula Clculo Diferencial e Integral B
3
x 2
du
dx xdx 2 du e a u x a x u
2 2
= = = + = ,
substituindo tem-se:
( ) du u a u
2
1
du u x
2
1
x 2
du
u x
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
3
= =
( )
= = du u
2
a
du u
2
1
du au
2
1
du uu
2
1
du u a u
2
1
2
1
2 / 1
2
1
2
1
2
1
+ + =
2 / 1 2 2 / 3 2
2 / 1 2 / 3
2
1
2 / 1
) ( 2 ) (
3
2
2
1
2 / 1 2 / 3 2
1
2 2
1
a x a a x
au u
du u
a
du u
C a x a a x a x a a x + + + =
+ +
2 / 1 2 2 / 3 2 2 / 1 2 2 / 3 2
) ( ) (
3
1
) ( 2 ) (
3
2
2
1
Exerccio resolvido :
+
4
x 1
xdx
2
dt
xdx xdx 2 dt e x t
x 1
xdx
2
4
= = =
+
,
substituindo tem-se:
( )
( ) ( ) C x arctan
2
1
t arctan
2
1
t 1
dt
2
1
x 1
xdx
2
2 4
+ = =
+
=
+
Exerccios:
1. ( ) ( ) C K t dt K t t + + = +
9
4
8
4 3
36
1
2. ( ) ( ) C x dx x x + =
3 3 2
sen cos 3
3. ( ) ( ) C x dx x x + + = +
1 4 cos
8
1
1 4 sen
2 2
4. ( )
+ + = + C x dx x x
3
2 2
1
3
1
1
5.
+ + =
+
C x
x
x d x
3 2
2
1
3 2
2
2
Prof. Hans-Ulrich Pilchowski 87
a
Aula Aula de
reviso
4
6.
( )
( )
+ + =
+
C x dx
x
x
3
2
2
3
2 2
7. ( )
+ + =
+
C x dx
x
x
2 3
1
3
4 1
8.
( )
( ) C x dx
x
x
+ =
sen 2
cos
Regra geral da substituio de Variveis: Se ( ) x g u = for uma funo diferencivel
cuja variao ocorre em um intervalo I e f for contnua em I , ento
( ) [ ] ( ) ( )
= du u f dx x g x g f
Note-se, que a troca de varivel tambm pode ser usada em situaes onde se
tem uma funo diferente de um binmio elevado a um expoente. Contanto, que a troca
seja possvel para toda a expresso.
Exemplo: ( ) ( )
dx x x
2
cos sen
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) x
du
dx dx x du x u dx x x
sen
sen , cos cos sen
2
= = =
( )
( )
( )
c
x u
du u
x
du
u x + = = =
3
cos
3 sen
sen
3 3
2 2
,
Exerccio resolvido : ( ) [ ]
dx x n
3
l
( ) [ ] ( ) xdt dx
x
dx
dt e x n t dx x n = = = =
l l
3
,
substituindo tem-se:
( ) [ ] ( ) [ ] C x n
t
dt t dx x n + = = =
4
4
3 3
4
1
4
l l
Exerccios:
1. ( ) ( )dx x cos x sen
Prof. Hans-Ulrich Pilchowski Notas de aula Clculo Diferencial e Integral B
5
( ) ( )
( ) x
dt
dx dx x dt x t
cos
cos sen = = =
( )
( )
( ) C x t
t
dt t
x
dt x
t + = = = =
3 3
3
sen
3
2
3
2
2
3
cos
cos
2. ( ) ( )
15
15 15 15 tan 15 sec
du
dx dx du x u dx x x = = =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) C x u du u u + = =
15 sec
15
1
sec
15
1
tan sec
15
1
3.
( ) ( )
( ) [ ]
( ) ( ) ( )dx x x du x u
x
dx x x
cot csc csc 1
csc 1
cot csc
4
= + =
+
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) x x
du
dx dx x x du
cot csc
cot csc = =
C
x
u
du u du u +
+
=
= =
3
3
4 4
) csc 1 ( 3
1
3
.
4. ( )dx x du x x u dx x x x 4 2 4 ) 2 )( 4 sen(
2 2
+ = + = + +
( ) ( ) ( ) C x x c u du u + + = + =
4 cos
2
1
cos
2
1
sen
2
1
2
5. dx x du x u dx x x
2 3 3 2 2
15 5 ) 5 ( csc = =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) C x c u du u
x
du
u x + = + = =
3 2
2
2 2
5 cot
15
1
cot
15
1
csc
15
1
15
csc
Integrao por Partes
Sabendo-se que a diferencial do uv produto, onde ( ) x u u = e ( ) x v v = ,
( ) vdu udv uv d + =
ento
( ) vdu uv d udv =
a qual integrando resulta na frmula para integrao por partes
+ = C du v v u dv u . . .
Prof. Hans-Ulrich Pilchowski 87
a
Aula Aula de
reviso
6
Exemplo: Integrar
dx x x
2 3
cos por integrao por partes
xdx du x u 2
2
= = e ( ) ( )
= = dx x x v dx x x dv
2 2
cos cos .
faz-se ( )
x
dt
t x v
x
dt
dx dt xdx t x
= = = = cos
2
1
2
2
2
( ) ( ) ( )
2
sen
2
1
sen cos x v t v dt t v = = =
Assim, ( ) ( )
2 2
sen
2
1
cos x v dx x x dv = = .
Substituindo na frmula de integrao:
( ) ( ) ( )
= dx x x x
x
dx x x
2 2
2
2 3
sen
2
2
sen
2
cos
faz-se novamente ( )dt t t dt xdx t x
= = cos
2
1
2
2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
cos
2
1
cos
2
1
sen
2
1
sen x t
x
dt
t x dx x x = = =
, substituindo
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
+ + = = c x x x x x
x
dx x x
2 2 2 2 2
2
2 3
cos sen
2
1
cos
2
1
sen
2
cos
Exerccios:
1. ( ) ( ) ( ) C x n x x dx x n + =
1 1 1 l l
2. ( ) ( ) C
n
x n
n
x
dx x n x
n
n
+
|
\
|
+
+
=
+
1
1
1
1
l l
3. ( ) ( ) ( ) C x x x n x dx x n + + + = +
arctan 2 2 1 1
2
l l
Prof. Hans-Ulrich Pilchowski Notas de aula Clculo Diferencial e Integral B
7
Integrao de trinmios
Supondo a integral
+ +
=
c bx ax
dx
y
2
, para integr-la transforma-se o denominador
somando e subtraindo quadrados, de forma a obter-se a soma ou a diferena de
quadrados, isto ,
\
|
+ |
\
|
+ + =
+ + = + +
2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2
a
b
a
c
a
b
x
a
b
x a
a
c
x
a
b
x a c bx ax
\
|
+ =
|
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
+ = + +
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 4 2
k
a
b
x a
a
b
a
c
a
b
x a c bx ax
onde
2
2
2
a 4
b
a
c
k = .
E a escolha do sinal mais ou menos ser em funo do da relao precedente ser
positiva ou negativa, isto , de acordo com se as razes do trinmio so reais ou
complexas. Assim,
|
\
|
=
+ +
=
2
2 2
2
1
k
a
b
x
dx
a c bx ax
dx
y .
ento se
t
a
b
x =
2
e dt dx =
=
+ +
=
2 2 2
1
k t
dx
a c bx ax
dx
y ,
que ser uma integral conhecida
c
a
x
a a x
dx
+ |
\
|
=
+
arctan
1
2 2
ou
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
1
2
1
a x c
a x
a x
n
a x a
dx
a x c
a x
a x
n
a a x
dx
< +
+
=
> +
+
l
l
Exemplo: Calcular a integral
+
=
4 2 3
2
x x
dx
y
Soluo: C
x
y + |
\
|
=
11
1 3
arctan
11
1
Prof. Hans-Ulrich Pilchowski 87
a
Aula Aula de
reviso
8
Exerccio: Calcular a integral
+ +
=
1 3
2
x x
dx
y
Soluo: C
x
x
n y +
|
|
\
|
+ +
+
=
5 3 2
5 3 2
5
1
l
Integrao pelo mtodo das fraes parciais
a) Considere a integral
( ) ( )
( )( )
+
=
+ +
+
=
1 0
2
x x x x
dx m nx
c bx ax
dx m nx
y ,
Assim,
( )( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
( )
c bx ax
x B x A x B A
x x x x
x x B x x A
x x
B
x x
A
x x x x
m nx
+ +
+
=
+
=
=
+
2
0 1
1 0
0 1
1 0 1 0
donde
( )
+
=
+
=
+
=
=
=
=
=
= +
0 1
1
0 1
0
0 1
1
0 1 0 1
x x
x n m
B
x x
nx m
A
x x
x n m
B
B n A
m x B x B n
B n A
m x B x A
n B A
Portanto,
( )
( ) ( )
1 0
1 0
2
x x ln B x x ln A
x x
Bdx
x x
Adx
c bx ax
dx m nx
y + =
=
+ +
+
=
Exemplo: : integrar
( ) ( )
( )( )
+
+
=
+
=
2 1
2
2
2
2
x x
dx x
x x
dx x
y ,
Assim,
( )
( )( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
( )
2
2
2 1
1 2
2 1 2 1
2
2
+ +
=
+
+ +
=
+
+
=
+
+
x x
B A x B A
x x
x B x A
x
B
x
A
x x
dx x
donde
Prof. Hans-Ulrich Pilchowski Notas de aula Clculo Diferencial e Integral B
9
( )
( )( )
( )( )
=
=
+
=
+
=
=
=
=
=
= +
3
1
3
3
1
1 1 2
2 1
1 1 2
1
2 1 2
1
2 2
1
1
B
A
B
B A
B B
B A
B x A
B A
Portanto,
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) 2
1
3 2 3 1 3
2
3
1
3
2
2
2
+
= + =
+
=
+
=
x
x
ln x ln x ln
x
dx
x
dx
x x
dx x
y
Exerccio: integrar
( )( )
dx
x x
x
y
=
2 1
1 2
( )( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
+
=
= dx
x x
x b x A
x
Bdx
x
Adx
dx
x x
x
y
2 1
1 2
2 1 2 1
1 2
( )( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
+ +
=
= dx
x x
B A x B A
dx
x x
x
y
2 1
2
2 1
1 2
donde
( ) ( )
1 2
2
2 1 2
= +
= +
+ + =
B A
B A
B A x B A x
1 2 1
1 2
1 1
1
2
1 2
1 1
1
2
2
= = = =
D
B A
B A
( ) ( ) 3 4 1
1
1
1 2
2 1
1
1 1 2
1
1
1 1
1 2
1
=
= = =
= =
D
B e
D
A
Assim,
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
+
=
2
3
1 2
3
1
1
2 1 x
dx
x
dx
x
dx
x
dx
x
Bdx
x
Adx
y
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 2 3 2 3 1 3 = + = + =
x n x n x n x n
v
dv
u
du
y l l l l
( ) ( )
( )
C
x
x
n x n x n y +
|
|
\
|
= =
1
2
1 2
3
3
l l l
Prof. Hans-Ulrich Pilchowski 87
a
Aula Aula de
reviso
10
Exerccio: integrar
( ) ( )
( )( )
+
+
=
+
=
2 1
1
2
1
2
2 3
2
x x x
dx x
x x x
dx x
y ,
Assim,
( )
( )( )( )
( )( ) ( ) ( )
( )( ) 2 1
1 2 1 2
2 1 0 2 1 0
2
+
+ + + +
=
+
+
+
=
+
+
x x x
x x C x x B x x A
x
C
x
B
x
A
x x x
dx x
( )
( )( )( )
( ) ( )
x x x
A x C B A x C B A
x x x
dx x
2
2 2
2 1 0
2
2 3
2
+ + + +
=
+
+
donde
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
= +
= + +
2 1
6 5
3 2
2 1
2 1 2
3 2
1 2
0 2
1
A
C
B
A
B C
B
A
C B A
C B A
Portanto,
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) x ln x ln x ln
x
dx
x
dx
x
dx
x x x
dx x
y
2
1
2
3
2
1
6
5
2 3
2
1 6
5
2
1
2
1
2 3
2
+ + =
+
+
+ =
+
=
Exerccios:
1.
( )
( )( )
( )
C
x
x
n
x x
dx x
y +
1
2
2 1
1 2
3
l
2.
( )( )( )
( )
( ) ( )
C
x x
x
n
x x x
xdx
y +
|
|
\
|
+ +
+
=
+ + +
=
1 5
3
8
1
5 3 1
5
6
l
3.
( ) ( )
C
x
x
n
x
x x
dx
y + |
\
|
=
=
1
2
1
1
2 1
2
l