3.

Phng php Top-down thi cng phn hm nh:

Phng php Top-down l phng php lm hm nh theo kiu t trn xung. i vi nhng nh s dng tng barrette quanh chu vi nh ng thi lm tng cho tng hm nh nn thi cng tng hm theo kiu top-down. Ni dung phng php nh sau: * Lm sn tng trt trc khi lm cc tng hm di. Dng ngay t ang c lm coppha cho sn ny nn khng phi cy chng. Ti sn ny mt l trng khong 2mx4m vn chuyn nhng th s cn chuyn t di ln v trn xung. * Khi sn cng, qua l trng xung di m moi t to khong khng gian cho tng hm st trt. Li dng nn lm coppha cho tng hm tip theo. Ri li moi tng di na cho n nn cui cng th lp nn y. Nu c ct th nn lm ct lp ghp sau khi sn di. * Ct thp ca sn v dm c ni vi tng nh khoan xuyn tng v la thp sau. Dng va ximng trn vi Sikagrout bm st vo l khoan t thp. 3.7.1. Thit b phc v thi cng :

- Phc v cng tc o t phn ngm thng dng cc my o t loi nh, my san t loi nh, my lu nn loi nh, cc cng c o t th cng, my khoan b tng.
- Phc v cng tc vn chuyn : hay s dng cn trc nh phc v chuyn t t ni tp kt sau khi o trong lng nh ra ln xe t chuyn t i xa; b tr thng cha t , xe ch t t . - Phc v cng tc khc : b tr my bm, thang thp t ti li ln xung , h thng n in chiu sng cho vic thi cng di tng hm. - Phc v cng tc thi cng b tng : trm bm b tng , xe ch b tng thng phm , cc thit b phc v cng tc thi cng b tng khc - Ngoi ra tu thc t thi cng cn c cc cng c chuyn dng khc. 3.7.2. Vt liu : (i). B tng :

Do yu cu thi cng gn nh lin tc nn nu ch b tng tng trn cng ri mi tho vn khun v o t thi cng tip phn di th thi gian thi cng ko di. m bo tin nn chn b tng cho cc cu kin t tng 1 xung tng hm l b tng c ph gia tng trng cng nhanh c

th cho b tng t 100% cng sau t ngy (nn thit k cng trnh khong 7 ngy) . Cc phng n sau : - Tng cng b tng bng vic s dng ph gia gim nc - B sung ph gia ho do hoc siu do vo thnh phn gc , gim nc trn , gi nguyn st nhm tng cng b tng cc tui. Nn dng ph gia siu do c th t 94% cng sau 7 ngy . Ct liu b tng l dm c 1-2 . st ca b tng 60 - 100 mm. Ngoi ra cn dng loi b tng c ph gia trng n v u ct , u li thi cng sau , neo u cc vo i ... Ph gia trng n nn s dng loi khong khi tng tc vi nc xi mng to ra cc cu t n 3CaO.Al2O3.3CaSO4(31-32)H2 (ettringite) . Ph gia ny c dng bt thng c ngun gc t : + Hn hp phn (Alunit) sau khi c phn r nhit trit ( gm cc khong hot tnh (Al2O3 , K2SO4 hoc Na2SO4 , SiO2) v thch cao 2 nc . + Mnsulfcanxialuminat 3CaO.Al2O3.CaSO4.nH2O , khong silic hot tnh v thch cao 2 nc. Hm lng ph gia trng n thng c s dng 5-15% so vi khi lng xi mng. Khng dng bt nhm hoc cc cht sinh kh khc lm b tng trng n. i vi b tng trng n cn ch s dng : + Ct ht trung, ht th Mdl = 2.4 - 3.3 + st thp = 2 - 4 cm ; max = 8cm
(2). Vt liu khc : - Khi thi cng sn - dm tng hm th nht ( thng ct -4.05m) , li dng t lm vn khun ton b kt cu . Do vy , t nn phi c gia c m bo cng khng b ln , bin dng khng u . Ngoi vic lu ln nn t cho phng chc cn phi gia c thm t nn bng ph gia . Mt trn nn t c tri mt lp vi nha Polyme nhm to phng v cch bit t vi b tng khi nh hng n nhau cng nh chng thm, chng cc tc nhn n mn cho b tng. - Khi thi cng phn ngm c th gp cc mch nc ngm, nu l nc ngm c p , ngoi vic b tr cc trm bm thot nc cn chun b cc phng n vt liu cn thit kp thi dp tt mch nc nh l b tng ng kt nhanh. - Cc cht chng thm nh va SiKa hoc nh tng Laticote hoc sn Insultec. 3.7.3 . Quy trnh cng ngh :

Qu trnh thi cng theo phng php top-down thng i theo trnh t tng bc nh sau: (1). Giai on I : Thi cng phn ct chng tm bng thp hnh

Chng tm theo phng ng l dng cc ct chng tm bng thp hnh cm trc vo cc cc khoan nhi ng v tr cc ct sut chiu cao t mt t n nh cc nhi . L do phi c ct chng tm ny l trong khi phi thi cng phn thn nh bn trn ln cao dn ng thi vi thi cng tng hm, phn thn nh bn trn cha c kt cu chnh thc ti trng do thn nh trn tc ng xung cc nhi bn di. Cc ct ny c t ti nh cc nhi ngay trong giai op hon thnh vic thi cng cc khoan nhi.
(2). Giai on II : Thi cng phn kt cu ngay trn mt t ( tng 1 ct 0.00m ) Giai on ny bao gm cc cng on sau : - o mt phn t c su khong chng 1.66m to chiu cao cho thi cng dm sn tng 1 - Ghp vn khun thi cng tng 1 - t ct thp thi cng b tng dm - sn tng 1 - Ch 10 ngy cho b tng c ph gia 90% cng yu cu. (3). Giai on III : Thi cng tng hm th nht ( ct su khong chng -4.00m ) - Tho vn khun dm - sn tng 1 - Bc t n ct su trn di mc - 6.80m - Ghp vn khun thi cng tng ngm th nht - t ct thp v b tng dm - sn tng ngm th nht - Ghp vn khun thi cng ct tng t tng hm th nht n tng 1 - Ch 10 ngy cho b tng c ph gia 90% cng yu cu. (4). Giai on IV: Thi cng tng hm th hai ( ct -8.00m )

Gm cc cng on sau :

Gm cc cng on sau : - Tho vn khun chu lc tng ngm th nht.

- o t n ct mt di ca i cc ( su khong chng -12.5m) - Chng thm cho phn mng - Thi cng i cc - Thi cng chng thm sn tng hm - Thi cng ct thp b tng sn tng hm th hai - Thi cng ct v li t tng hm th hai ln tng hm th nht

Cn lp bin php thi cng theo phng php top-down tht chi tit v c ch nhim d n duyt trc khi thi cng.