Learn Latin Online: Lectio Secunda Verb Conjugation/Noun Declensions/P.

Parts/Latin Phrases
Conjugation? -Groupings of verbs; in Latin we find 4 of these. -each group conjugates differently -One identifies a conjugation by its 2nd Principal Part, called the infinitive (present infinitive) - Conjugations are numbered with ordinal numbers (1st Conjugation, 2nd Conjugation etc.) Person Infinitive 1st Sing. 2nd Sing. 3rd Sing. 1st Pl. 2nd Pl. 3rd Pl. 1st Conj. amare amo amas amat amamus amatis amant 2nd Conj. docere doceo doces docet docemus docetis docent 3rd Conj. currere curro curris currit currimus curritis currunt Person Infinitive 1st Sing. 2nd Sing. 3rd Sing. 1st Pl. 2nd Pl. 3rd Pl. P. Parts of Verbs - Most verbs have 4 P. Parts. -You must memorize ALL PARTS of a verb. -1st P. Part is the first person singular present tense. e.g. amo = I love doceo = I see curro = I run audio = I hear 4th Conjugation audire audio audis audit audimus auditis audiunt

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N.B. never conjugate the 1st P. Part, its given to you.

Conjugation Identification -Use the 2nd P. Part, the infinitive (translated to ____). Infinitive -are -eo, -ere -o, io; -ere -ire e.g. amo, amare, amavi, amatus to love = 1st Conjugation doceo, docere, docui, doctus to teach = 2nd Conjugation curro, currere, cucurri, cursurus to run = 3rd Conjugation audio, audire, audi, auditus to hear = 4th Conjugation Declensions -Grouping of nouns based on endings. -5 of these exist in Latin. -Like Conjugations, these are numbers 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th Conjugation 1st Conjugation 2nd Conjugation 3rd Conjugation 4th Conjugation

- Latin has three genders: masculine, feminine and neuter. -Declensions are identified by their 2nd P. Part. Cases -cases are like subcategories for these groups, and in Latin, there are 5 main ones. The Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Ablative -Cases belong to every declension, and the case tells you what the words means in the sentence (Subject? Direct Object?) e.g. I prepare dinner for Cornelia in Marcs kitchen. Nominative Subject Genitive Possession Dative Indirect Object ( to/for ___) Accusative Direct Object Ablative by means of (in, with, from etc.)

N.B. Endings vary for each case depending on the declension

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Principal Parts of Nouns -Nouns following this pattern for Principal Parts: Nom. Sg., Gen Sg. gender meaning e.g. puer, pueri m. boy amica, amicae f. girl nomen, nominis n. name -as stated earlier, the 2nd P. Part identifies a declension. -a, -ae = 1 Declension -us, -um; -i = 2nd Declension -varies, -is = 3 Declension 1st Declension -All feminine nouns; except those of profession. e.g. -2nd P. Part ends in ae. e.g. puella, puellae f. girl nauta, -ae m. sailor villa, -ae f. - house
rd st

2nd Declension -All masculine and neuter nouns. -2nd P. part ends in i -Neuter nouns in the declension end in um for the 1st P. Part. e.g. Puer, pueri m. boy Bellum, belli n. war Hortus, -i m. garden 3rd Declension -contains all genders -1st P. Part varies, while the 2nd always ends in is. -Gender has to be memorized with this declension -often spelling changes e.g. pater, patris m. - father arbor, arboris f. - tree nomen, nominis n. name

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Latin Phrases Salve/Salvete Hello! Vale/Valete Goodbye! (Sum) bene/male (I am) well/bad Quid agis?/Quid Agitis How are you? Mihi nomen est - My name is Quid est nomen tibi? What is your name? Quota hora est? What time is it?

Exercises Identify the Conjugation. 1. Ambulo, -are, -avi, -atus to walk 2. Capio, -ere, cepi, caputs to seize 3. Doleo, -ere, -ui, -iturus - to be sorry 4. Maneo, -ere, -mansi, masurus to stay, remain 5. Impedio, -ire, -ivi, -itus to hinder Identify the Declension

N.B. The plural forms (such as salvete, valete) are used for when you are adressing more than one person.

1. Periculum, -i n. danger 2. Nox, noctis f. night 3. Auriga, -ae m. charioteer 4. Femina, -ae f. woman 5. Vir, viri m. man 6. Canis, canis m./f. dog 7. Agricola, -ae m. farmer 8. Nomen, nominis n. - name

Much of these concepts are preliminary and detrimental to your successlearn them well!

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