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Veterinary Dermatology 2000, 11, 235239

Microbial ora and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from dogs with otitis media
SARAH COLOMBINI, SANDRA R. MERCHANT and GISELLE HOSGOOD Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Louisiana 70803, USA
(Received 21 July 1998; accepted 25 June 1999)

Abstract This study evaluated the middle ear microbial ora and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from dogs with otitis media. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were obtained on 164 micro-organisms from 107 ears of 82 dogs with otitis media that presented to Louisiana State University over a 12-year period. The most common micro-organisms isolated were Staphylococcus intermedius (26.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23.2%), b-haemolytic streptococcus (12.8%), Proteus spp. (11.0%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (8.5%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on all isolates employing the disk diusion method (KirbyBauer). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing for enrooxacin and ciprooxacin was performed on 10 of the 18 P. aeruginosa isolates found to be resistant to enrooxacin on Kirby-Bauer. Of these isolates, 6 (60%) were susceptible, 1 (10%) was intermediate and 3 (30%) were resistant to enrooxacin. Eight of these isolates (80%) were susceptible to ciprooxacin, 1 (10%) showed intermediate susceptibility and 1 (10%) was resistant. Keywords: antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, disk diusion method, microbial ora, minimum inhibitory concentration testing, otitis media.

INTRODUCTION Otitis media, inammation of the middle ear, may occur via direct extension from otitis externa, haematogenous spread, or extension of infection from the nasopharynx via the eustachian tube.1 Direct extension from otitis externa appears to be the most common cause. Bacteria are the most frequently isolated micro-organisms in otitis media.24 Diagnosis of otitis media may prove arduous. Clinical signs are often nonspecic and masked by concurrent otitis externa. Otoscopic examination of the tympanic membrane dicult due to exudate and canal stenosis may be associated with chronic otitis externa. Even when examination reveals that the tympanic membrane is intact, the possibility of otitis media cannot be ruled out.46 In these cases, a myringotomy may be necessary to determine if otitis media is present and to obtain samples from the middle ear for cytology and culture and susceptibility testing. Imaging techniques such as radiography, computer tomography and magnetic image resonance may also be employed to aid in the diagnosis. However, surgical exploration of the middle ear via bulla osteotomy, although invasive, remains the most reliable diagnostic option.7 A bulla osteotomy not only permits direct examination and culture from the
Correspondence: Sarah Colombini, DVM, Diplomate American College of Verterinary Dermatology, Gulf Coast Veterinary Dermatology and Allergy, 1111 West Loop South, Suite 120, Houston, TX 77027, USA. Tel.: (713) 6931188. # 2000 Blackwell Science Ltd

middle ear, but also allows for temporary drainage of the middle ear and provides a direct route for instilling medications.8 In dogs with otitis media, cytology and antimicrobial culture, and susceptibility testing from middle ear exudate, are recommended to aid in the selection of an appropriate systemic antimicrobial agent.4 Although various studies have evaluated the microbial ora in otitis externa,920 only one has evaluated the microbial ora of dogs with otitis media.4 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the middle ear microbial ora and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from dogs with otitis media. MATERIALS AND METHODS From March 1986 to March 1998, 235 dogs presented to either the dermatology or soft tissue surgery service at Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine for evaluation of suspected otitis media. These records were reviewed and dogs that had otoscopic (abnormal or ruptured tympanic membranes), radiographic (increased bulla opacity or osseous changes) and/or gross evidence at surgery (discolored epithelium, osseous changes or exudate via bulla osteotomy) of otitis media, and had a positive culture and susceptibility prole from the middle ear, were included in the study. Culture samples were obtained via sterile saline ush and aspiration through a ruptured tympanic membrane or myringotomy site and via sterile swab (Becton
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236 S. Colombini et al. b-haemolytic streptococcus, Proteus spp., Escherichia coli) and their susceptibility proles were only counted once in the data analysis. Antimicrobial susceptibility proles were obtained on 164 micro-organisms from 107 ears. Samples were obtained via sterile saline ush and aspiration through a ruptured tympanic membrane or myringotomy site in 31 ears (55/164 isolates), and via sterile swab during a bulla osteotomy in 76 ears (109/164 isolates). One to 6 micro-organisms (mean = 1.67) were isolated from each ear. Two or less microorganisms were isolated from 76 of the 107 ears (71%), with 46 ears (43%) having pure one-organism cultures. The ve most commonly isolated micro-organisms were Staphylococcus intermedius (26.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23.2%), b-haemolytic streptococcus (12.8%), Proteus spp. (11.0%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (8.6%). Eight species of micro-organisms comprised the remaining 17.6% [Table 1]. The antimicrobial susceptibility proles of the ve most common isolates were variable and are listed in Table 2. Minimum inhibitory concentrations for enrooxacin and ciprooxacin were performed on 10 isolates of P. aeruginosa that were resistant to enrooxacin on Kirby-Bauer. Six of these isolates (60%) were subsequently susceptible to enrooxacin on MIC, 1 (10%) showed intermediate susceptibility and 3 (30%) were resistant. Eight of these isolates (80%) were susceptible to ciprooxacin on MIC, 1 (10%) showed intermediate susceptibility and 1 (10%) was resistant. DISCUSSION In this study, 13 dierent micro-organisms were isolated from the middle ears of dogs with otitis media. The ve most common isolates were Staphylococcus intermedius (26.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23.2%), b-haemolytic streptococcus (12.8%), Proteus spp. (11.0%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis
Table 1. Organisms isolated by bacterial culture from 107 ears of 82 dogs with otitis media Isolate Staphylococcus intermedius Pseudomonas aeruginosa b-haemolytic streptococcus Proteus spp. Staphylococcus epidermidis Escherichia coli a-haemolytic streptococcus Enterobacter spp. Pasteurella multocida Corynebacterium spp. Enterococcus spp. Klebsiella spp. Malassezia pachydermatis Total No. 44 38 21 18 14 10 7 3 2 2 2 2 1 164 % of all isolates 26.8 23.2 12.8 11.0 8.5 6.1 4.3 1.8 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.6 99.9* % of all ears 41.1 35.5 19.6 16.8 13.1 9.3 6.5 2.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 0.9

Dickinson Microbiology Systems) during bulla osteotomy. Samples were submitted to the Louisiana Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory for culture and susceptibility testing. Specimens were inoculated onto Columbia CNA agar plates, MacConkey agar plates and 5% sheep's blood agar plates and incubated at 37 8C for 2472 h. The plates were evaluated every 24 h and discarded if no growth was noted after 72 h. Micro-organisms were identied by routine biochemical methods.21 Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed utilizing the Dispens-O-DiscTM disk diusion method (Kirby-Bauer).22 For Table 2, intermediate values were reported as resistant. This was a conservative approach in the interpretation of the disk diusion susceptibility proles. Evaluation of the records revealed 18 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that were resistant to enrooxacin on Kirby-Bauer. Ten of these 18 isolates, as a result of clinician preference, subsequently underwent minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing with enrooxacin and ciprooxacin. Standard protocol employing the Sensititre1 machine was followed.21 For enrooxacin, isolates with an MIC value of 0.5 mg mL1 or less were classied as susceptible, isolates with an MIC value of 1 mg mL1 were classied as intermediate and isolates with an MIC value of 2 mg mL1 or higher were classied as resistant. For ciprooxacin, isolates with an MIC value of 1 mg mL1 or less were classied as susceptible, isolates with an MIC value of 2 mg mL1 were classied as intermediate and isolates with an MIC value of 4 mg mL1 or higher were classied as resistant. Statistics The distribution of the bacterial isolates for the two dierent methods of sample collection (via bulla osteotomy or through a ruptured tympanic membrane or myringotomy site) were tested for homogeneity using the Chi square Goodness of Fit test.23 It was determined that there was no signicant dierence in the distribution of bacterial isolates between the dierent methods of collection (P = 0.177). Hence, the two groups were consolidated and the combined data was evaluated. RESULTS Eighty-two dogs with otitis media tted the inclusion criteria. The dogs ranged in age from 1 to 14 years, and Cocker spaniels represented 48.8% (40/82) of the dogs. Of the 10 dogs from which isolates of P. aeruginosa were obtained for MIC testing, only two were Cocker spaniels. Twenty-ve of the 82 dogs had bilateral ear cultures performed and 12 of those had the same micro-organisms cultured from both ears with identical susceptibility proles. These identical micro-organisms (Staphylococcus intermedius, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
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*Total does not add up to 100% because numbers were rounded to the nearest 0.1%.

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Microbial ora in otitis media
Staphylococcus intermedius Ampicillin Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid Carbenicillin Ceftazidime Cephalothin Chloramphenicol Clindamycin Enrooxacin Erythromycin Gentamicin Kanamycin Oxacillin Penicillin Tetracycline Trimethoprim-sulfadiazine S (%) 29 (66) 42 (100) 40 (98) 37 (95) 43 (98) 42 (98) 30 (81) 36 (92) 32 (73) 39 (89) 32 (74) 37 (95) 28 (64) 37 (84) 30 (70) R (%) 15 (34) 0 (0) 1 (2) 2 (5) 1 (2) 1 (2) 7 (19) 3 (8) 12 (27) 5 (11) 11 (26) 2 (5) 16 (36) 7 (16) 13 (30) Pseudomonas aeruginosa S (%) 1 (3) 1 (3) 3 (81) 35 (97) 1 (3) 5 (14) 0 (0) 19 (51) 0 (0) 26 (68) 1 (3) 0 (0) 0 (0) 1 (3) 3 (8) R (%) 37 (97) 37 (97) 7 (19) 1 (3) 37 (97) 32 (86) 36 (100) 18 (49) 38 (100) 12 (32) 37 (97) 37 (100) 38 (100) 37 (97) 34 (92) b-haemolytic streptococcus S (%) 21 (100) 19 (95) 20 (95) 17 (89) 20 (95) 19 (95) 16 (80) 19 (95) 19 (90) 20 (95) 4 (20) 18 (90) 21 (100) 18 (86) 18 (95) R (%) 0 (0) 1 (5) 1 (5) 2 (11) 1 (5) 1 (5) 4 (20) 1 (5) 2 (10) 1 (5) 16 (80) 2 (10) 0 (0) 3 (14) 1 (5)

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Staphylococcus epidermidis S (%) 14 (100) 12 (92) 14 (100) 12 (100) 13 (93) 14 (100) 10 (83) 12 (100) 14 (100) 13 (93) 13 (93) 9 (75) 13 (93) 13 (93) 13 (93) R (%) 0 (0) 1 (8) 0 (0) 0 (0) 1 (7) 0 (0) 2 (17) 0 (0) 0 (0) 1 (7) 1 (7) 3 (25) 1 (7) 1 (7) 1 (7)

Table 2. Results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the ve most common isolates from the middle ears of dogs with otitis media* Proteus spp. S (%) 17 (94) 16 (94) 16 (100) 15 (100) 15 (83) 12 (67) 0 (0) 15 (100) 0 (0) 15 (83) 16 (89) 0 (0) 11 (61) 1 (6) 15 (83) R (%) 1 (6) 1 (6) 0 (0) 0 (0) 3 (17) 6 (33) 15 (100) 0 (0) 18 (100) 3 (17) 2 (11) 15 (100) 7 (39) 17 (94) 3 (17)

S = number of sensitive isolates R = number of resistant isolates * Isolate numbers vary due to changes in antibiotics included in the disk diusion proles over the 12-year period of this study

(8.5%). Of the 13 micro-organisms isolated, Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus sp., Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium spp. and yeasts have been isolated from the middle ears of normal dogs.24 Most of the isolates in the current study have been previously reported in dogs with otitis media.1,3,4,7,2527 However, three isolates, Enterobacter spp., Pasteurella multocida and Klebsiella spp., have not been previously reported in dogs with otitis media. Systemic antimicrobial therapy based on culture and susceptibility results from the middle ear is recommended in dogs with otitis media.2 When obtaining culture specimens of middle ear exudate through the external ear canal, contamination with micro-organisms from the external canal may occur. This is especially true when chronic otitis externa, which is often concurrently present, has resulted in signicant exudation and stenosis of the external canal. This contamination may prove detrimental with regards to selection of antimicrobial therapy since, in both normal and diseased ears, the same micro-organisms are rarely found in both the middle and external portions of the ear.4,24 Seventy-one percent (76/107) of ears in this study were cultured via bulla osteotomy, limiting the potential for contamination and making it likely that the results are a true representation of otitis media ora. Controversy exists in the literature regarding the incidence of yeast otitis media.1,4,27 A previous study evaluated the microbial ora of otitis media by passing a sterile culture swab through a sterilized otoscopic cone into the middle ear for bacterial culture, susceptibility testing and cytological evaluation.4 Yeast were isolated from the middle ear in 34.2% of the ears in this previous study. In the current study, however, only one isolate (0.6%) of Malassezia pachydermatis was grown on culture from the middle ear. An explanation for the low number of

yeast organisms isolated in the current study may be that cytology, which is reported to be the preferred method for detection of yeast otitis, was not performed.28 Dierences in methods of sample collection may also be a factor, as 71% of the ears in the current study were sampled via bulla osteotomy, limiting the potential for contamination from the external ear canal. Variance in the population may be another potential reason for the discrepancy since 48.8% of the dogs in the current study were Cocker spaniels, compared to 27% in the previous study.4 Additionally, specic culture media for the growth of yeast (Sabouraud's dextrose agar) was not utilized in the current study which may have articially lowered the incidence of yeast otitis media. In the current study, 12 of the 25 dogs that had bilateral cultures performed had the same microorganisms cultured from both middle ears with identical susceptibility proles. In the previous study, of 16 dogs with otitis media from which bilateral cultures were performed, none had identical micro-organisms cultured.4 Potential reasons for this disparity may include dierences in the population and/or methods of obtaining culture samples as discussed previously. The susceptibility of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates was 100% for ampicillin, carbenicillin, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol, enrooxacin and erythromycin (Table 2). Likewise, the susceptibility of Staphylococcus intermedius isolates to amoxicillinclavulanic acid (100%), carbenicillin (98%), cephalothin (98%) and chloramphenicol (98%) was extremely high. The susceptibility of Staphylococcus intermedius to trimethoprim-sulfadiazine (70%), ampicillin (66%) and penicillin (64%) was much higher than in a previous study which found the susceptibility to be 35.7%.4 This discrepancy may be due to variance in population or regional dierences in the use of systemic antimicrobial agents.
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canal and middle ear in dogs with otitis media. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 1998; 212: 5348. Little, C.J.L., Lane, J.G., Pearson, G.R. Inammatory middle ear disease of the dog: the pathology of otitis media. Veterinary Record 1991; 128: 2936. Harvey, C.E. Diseases of the middle ear. In: Slatter, D.H., eds. Textbook of Small Animal Surgery. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1985: 191523. Remedios, A.M., Fowler, J.D., Pharr, J.W. A comparison of radiographic versus surgical diagnosis of otitis media. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 1991; 27: 1838. Boothe, H.W. Jr. Bulla osteotomy. In: Bojrab, M.J., Birchard, S.J., Tomlinson, J.L. Jr, eds. Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery, 3rd edn. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1990: 14750. Blue, J.L., Wooley, R.E. Antibacterial susceptibility patterns of bacteria isolated from dogs with otitis externa. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 1977; 171: 3623. Hariharan, H., McPhee, L., Heaney, S., Bryenton, J. Antimicrobial drug susceptibility of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Canine Veterinary Journal 1995; 36: 1668. McCarthy, G., Kelly, W.R. Microbial species associated with the canine ear and their antibacterial susceptibility patterns. Irish Veterinary Journal 1982; 36: 536. Guedeja-Marron, J., Blanco, J.L., Garcia, M.E. Antimicrobial susceptibility in microorganisms isolated from canine otitis externa. Journal of Veterinary Medicine 1997; 44: 3416. Hogle, R.M. Antibacterial-agent susceptibility of bacteria isolated from dogs and cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 1970; 156: 7614. Love, D.N. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococci isolated from dogs. Australian Veterinary Practice 1989; 19: 196200. Kiss, G., Radvanyi, S., Szigeti, G. New combination for the therapy of canine otitis externa: I. Microbiology of otitis externa. Journal of Small Animal Practice 1997; 38: 516. Fraser, G., Withers, A.R., Spreull, J.S.A. Otitis externa in the dog. Journal of Small Animal Practice 1960; 2: 3247. Sharma, V.D., Rhoades, H.E. The occurrence and microbiology of otitis externa in the dog. Journal of Small Animal Practice 1975; 16: 2417. Marshall, M.J., Harris, A.M., Horne, J.E. The bacterial and clinical assessment of a new preparation for the treatment of otitis externa in dogs and cats. Journal of Small Animal Practice 1974; 15: 40110. Chengappa, M.M., Maddux, R.L., Greer, S.C. A microbiologic survey of clinically normal and otitic canine ear canals. Veterinary Medicine Small Animal Clinician 1983; 78: 3434. Grono, L.R., Frost, A.J. Otitis externa in the dog: The microbiology of the normal and aected external ear canal. Australian Veterinary 1969; 45: 4202. Murray, P.R., Baron, E.J., Pfaller, M.A., Tenover, F.C., Yolken, R.H., eds. Manual of Clinical Microbiology. 6th edn. Washington, D.C.: American Society for Microbiology Press, 1995.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from the middle ear were almost always susceptible to ceftazidime (97%) and, to a lesser degree, carbenicillin (81%) (Table 2). The susceptibility of isolates to gentamicin (68%) and enrooxacin (51%) was much less. The susceptibility of Pseudomonas isolates to all other antimicrobial agents tested was less than 50%. This is in contrast to a previous study, in which gentamicin (60%) and enrooxacin (35%) were the only two systemic antimicrobial agents to which Pseudomonas isolates showed susceptibility.4 Based on the considerable variability in susceptibility exhibited by P. aeruginosa in this study, antimicrobial culture and susceptibility testing is recommended whenever a Pseudomonas otitis media is suspected. The standard method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing is the dilution method, which is quantitative in nature.21 The Kirby-Bauer method was extrapolated from the dilution method as a less complex means to determine antimicrobial susceptibility and is currently the most commonly utilized methodology. However, due to the dierences in methodology, some disparity between the KirbyBauer and dilution methods is inevitable. Compared to the qualitative Kirby-Bauer method, the micro dilution method of MIC susceptibility testing is considered more reliable and useful for determining optimal therapeutic dosing regimens.21 As noted in the current and previous studies,4,25,27 Pseudomonas aeruginosa is commonly isolated in otitis media and often shows resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents on Kirby-Bauer, including the uoroquinolones. In the current study, the majority of the P. aeruginosa isolates were susceptible to enrooxacin (60%) and ciprooxacin (80%) on MIC testing, despite being resistant to enrooxacin on KirbyBauer. However, only 10 resistant isolates were evaluated in the current study, making it impossible to draw signicant conclusions. This nding suggests, however, that MIC susceptibility testing may be the preferred method on which to base systemic antimicrobial therapy in cases of Pseudomonas otitis media, although further evaluation is necessary.

5. 6. 7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14. 15.

16. 17. 18.

REFERENCES
1. Bruyette, D.S., Lorenz, M.D. Otitis externa and otitis media: diagnostic and medical aspects. Seminars in Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (Small Animal) 1993; 8: 39. 2. Logas, D.B. Diseases of the ear canal. Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice 1994; 24: 90519. 3. Neer, T.M., Howard, P.E. Otitis media. Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian 1982; 4: 4107. 4. Cole, L.K., Kwochka, K.W., Kowalski, J.J., Hillier, A. Microbial ora and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolated pathogens from the horizontal ear
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22. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria Isolated from Animals. NCCLS Document M31-T (ISBN 156238 3302) 1997; 17: 134. 23. Gibbons, J.D. General distribution tests for two or more independent samples. In: Gibbons, J.D., eds. Nonparametric Methods for Quantitative Analysis, 2nd edn. Columbus: American Science Press., 1985: 24172. 24. Matsuda, H., Tojo, M., Fukui, K., Imori, T., Baba, E. The aerobic bacterial ora of the middle and external ears in normal dogs. Journal of Small Animal Practice 1984; 25: 26974.

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25. Denny, H.R. The results of surgical treatment of otitis media and interna in the dog. Journal of Small Animal Practice 1973; 14: 585600. 26. Spreull, J.S.A. Otitis media of the dog. In: Kirk, R.W., eds. Current Veterinary Therapy V. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1974: 67583. 27. Spreull, J.S.A. Treatment of otitis media in the dog. Journal of Small Animal Practice 1964; 5: 10752. 28. Grin, C.E. Otitis externa and otitis media. In: Grin, C.E., Kwochka, K.W., MacDonald, J.M., eds. Current Veterinary Dermatology: the Science and Art of Therapy. St. Louis: Mosby Year Book, 1993: 24562.

Resume Cette etude a evalue la ore microbienne et la sensibilite antibacterienne des germes isoles en cas d'otite moyenne chez le chien. Des antibiogrammes ont ete obtenus a partir de 164 microorganismes isoles de 107 oreilles chez 82 chiens presentes avec une otite moyenne a l'Universite de Louisiane sur une periode de 12 ans. Les bacteries le plus frequemment isolees etaient Staphylococcus intermedius (26.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23.2%), des streptocoques b-hemolytiques (12.8%), Proteus spp. (11.0%) et Staphylococcus epidermidis (8.5%). Un antibiogramme a ete realise sur toutes les souches, par la methode des disques (Kirby Bauer). La concentration minimale inhibitrice (CMI) de l'enrooxacine et de la ciprooxacine a ete determinee pour 10 souches de P. aeruginosa sur 18 souches resistantes par la technique Kirby-Bauer. Sur ces souches, 6 (60%) etaient sensibles, 1 (10%) etait intermediaire et 3 (30%) etaient resistantes a l'enrooxacine. Huit de ces souches (80%) etaient sensibles a la ciprooxacine, 1 (10%) etait intermediaire et 1 (10%) etait resistante. [Colombini, S., Merchant, S. R. et Hosgood, G. Microbial ora and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from dogs with otitis media. (Flore microbienne et sensibilite antibacterienne des germes isoles des otites moyennes chez le chien.) Veterinary Dermatology 2000; 11: 235239.] Resumen Este estudio evaluo la ora microbiana del oido medio y los patrones de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de perros con otitis media. Los patrones de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana fueron obtenidos de 164 microorganismos de 107 oidos de 82 perros con otitis media, que se presentaron a la Louisiana State University durante un per odo de 12 anos. Los microorganismos aislados mas frecuentemente fueron Staphylococcus intermedius (26.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23.2%), estreptococos b-hemol ticos (12.8%), Proteus spp. (11.0%) y Staphylococcus epidermidis (8.5%). Las pruebas de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana se llevaron a cabo sobre todos los aislamientos empleando el metodo de difusion en disco (Kirby-Bauer). La prueba de concentracion inhibitoria m nima (MIC) para la enrooxacina y la ciprooxacina se llevo a cabo en 10 de los 18 aislamientos de P. aeruginosa resistentes a la enrooxacina en la prueba de Kirby-Bauer. De estos aislamientos, 6 (60%) eran susceptibles, 1 (10%) era intermedio y 3 (30%) fueron resistentes a la enrooxacina. Ocho de estos aislamientos (80%) eran susceptibles a la ciprooxacina, 1 (10%) mostro una susceptibilidad intermedia y 1 (10%) fue resistente. [Colombini, S., Merchant, S. R. e Hosgood, G. Microbial ora and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from dogs with otitis media. Flora microbiana y patrones de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de perros con otitis media.) Veterinary Dermatology 2000; 11: 235239.] Zusammenfassung vorliegende Studie untersuchte die mikrobielle Flora und antimikrobiellen Resistenzprole von Hunden mit Otitis media. Von 164 Mikroorganismen aus 107 Ohren von 82 Hunden mit Otitis media, die der Louisiana State Universitat uber einen Zeitraum von 12 Jahren vorgestellt wurden, wurden antimikrobielle Resistenzprole erstellt. Die am haugsten isolierten Mikroorganismen waren Staphylococcus intermedius (26.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23.2%), b-hamolysierende Streptokokken (12.8%), Proteus spp. (11.0%) und Staphylococcus epidermidis (8.5%). Antimikrobielle Resistenztests nach der Disk-Diusionsmethode (Kirby-Bauer) wurden bei allen Isolaten durchgefuhrt. Die Minimal Inhibitorische Konzentration (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) fur Enrooxacin und Ciprooxacin wurde fur 10 von 18 der P. aeruginosa Isolate bestimmt, die nach dem Kirby-Bauer Test als resistent gegen Enrooxacin eingestuft worden waren. Von diesen Isolaten waren 6 (60%) sensibel, 1 (10%) intermediar und 3 (30%) resistent gegen Enrooxacin. Acht dieser Isolate (80%) waren sensibel fur Ciprooxacin, 1 (10%) zeigte intermediare Resistenz und 1 (10%) war resistent. [Colombini, S., Merchant, S. R. und Hosgood, G. Microbial ora and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from dogs with otitis media. (Mikrobielle Flora und antimikrobielle Resistenzprole von Hunden mit Otitis media.) Veterinary Dermatology 2000; 11: 235239.]

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