Code No: R05321104 Set No.

1
III B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
MEDICAL IMAGING TECHNIQUES
(Bio-Medical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Explain the factors that affect the attenuetion coefficient in Detail
(b) Explain the Half value layer of X-ray beam with relevant equations. [8+8]

2. Explain the following characteristics of an X-ray Image

(a) Spatial Resolution

(b) Image contrast. [8+8]

3. (a) Discuss the Filter Back projection algorithm for Reconstruction of CT image.
(b) List the indications and contra indications of PET-CT.

4. (a) Differentiate Radionuclide imaging with conventional imaging, and also state
the need for it.
(b) Explain the operating principle of Gamma Camera with a neat sketch.[6+10]

5. (a) Define characteristic impedance

(b) Derive the equation for characteristic impedance of a homogeneous medium?
[4+12]

6. (a) What are the Applications of duplex imaging

(b) What are the Applications of Ultra Sonography. [8+8]

7. Write short notes on

(a) NMR coil

(b) Transmitter
(c) Receiver
(d) Data acquisition system. [4+4+4+4]

8. Mention the series of steps illustrating the concept of frequency encoding to distin-
guish the signal coming from two point sources of magnetization, [16]

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Code No: R05321104 Set No. 2
III B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
MEDICAL IMAGING TECHNIQUES
(Bio-Medical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Explain generation of x-Rays with a neat sketch.

(b) Differentiate between conventional X-ray imaging and Computed Tomography.
[6+10]

2. (a) Discuss the parameters for determining the performance of an imaging system.
(b) Explain the Receiver operating curve (ROC) with a neat diagram. [8+8]

3. (a) Why does Spiral CT is more effective than the other generations of CT.
(b) Discuss the Back projection technique for Reconstruction of CT image. [8+8]

4. (a) Discuss the various radiation protection mechanisms employed in the hospitals.
(b) Discuss biological effects of radiation on human body. [8+8]

5. (a) Define the Q factor of an ultrasonic transducer. Explain the significance of Q

factor in ultrasonic Doppler systems.
(b) Elaborate the differences between the acoustic pulses produced by a transducer
with and with out backing [8+8]

6. (a) What are the Applications of duplex imaging

(b) What are the Applications of Ultra Sonography. [8+8]

7. Explain FID with Presaturation. Draw the Timing diagram for an FID with pre-
saturation. [16]

8. Compare contrast spin echo imaging and gradient echo imaging with the help of
pulse sequences? [16]

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Code No: R05321104 Set No. 3
III B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
MEDICAL IMAGING TECHNIQUES
(Bio-Medical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Ultraviolet light is defined as electrougnetic waves having wavelengths in the range

of 4-400nm.

(a) Determine the frequency range of ultraviolet light.

(b) Determine the photon energy range of ulteraviolet light.
(c) Determine whether ulterviolet light is ionizing radiation or not. [5+5+6]

2. (a) Discuss the biological effects of Ionizing Radiation.

(b) Explain the various diagnostic applications of X-Rays. [8+8]

3. (a) Explain the limitations of Conventional X-ray Technique, how can CT over-
come such limitations.
(b) Explain the Computed Tomography technique with a neat sketch. [4+12]

4. (a) Discuss the single-hole focused collimator and multi-hole focused collimator
in detail
(b) Explain the solid state detector with a neat sketch. [6+10]

5. (a) What is ultrasonic wave? What is its frequency range in medical measure-
ment? What type of waves are these?
(b) What are the different types of ultrasonic transducers available for medical
use? Describe with diagrams. [8+8]

6. (a) Explain frequency shift method in 3 steps

(b) Give Principles behind duplex imaging [8+8]

7. Derive expression for Free Induction Decay in Frequency Domain and find the
mathematical relation ship for Initial Amplitude of FID. [16]

8. Explain phase contrast method of blood flow imaging? What are the clinical ap-
plications of blood flow imaging? [16]

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Code No: R05321104 Set No. 4
III B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
MEDICAL IMAGING TECHNIQUES
(Bio-Medical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Explain the role of the following in X-ray Technique?

(a) Grid
(b) Filters
(c) Rotating Anode [6+4+6]

2. (a) Discuss the biological effects of Ionizing Radiation.

(b) Explain the various diagnostic applications of X-Rays. [8+8]

3. (a) Draw the block diagram of CT, and explain in detail.

(b) Mention the applications of CT in Diagnosis of various disorders. [10+6]

4. (a) Describe about the cyclotron in detail.

(b) Describe the PET scan with a neat sketch. [8+8]

5. (a) Draw the frequency response of a single ultrasonic transducer.

(b) Explain the equivalent circuit model of a single element ultrasonic transducer.
[8+8]

6. (a) What is time gain compensation

(b) Mention and compare the various time gain compensation techniques used in
commercial scanners [4+12]

7. Explain STEAM (Stimulated Echo Acquisition Mode) sequences with timing dia-
grams. [16]

8. What are the Basic Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging? Mention its signif-
icance. [16]

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