Code No: RR222102 Set No.

1
II B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Explain the terms state, path, process and cyclic process.
(b) Discuss the macroscopic and microscopic point of view of thermodynamics.
[8+8]

2. (a) Show that the internal energy is a property of the system.

(b) Air at a pressure of 50 bar and a volume of 0.2m3 is expanded at constant
pressure until the volume is doubled. It is then expanded according to P V 1.3
= constant until the volume is 0.8m3 . Calculate the work done in each process.
[6+10]

3. Air is compressed from a pressure of 1 bar and a temperature of 210 C to a pressure

of 2 bar and temperature of 380 C. For this process determine

(a) determine change in entropy

(b) determine whether heat is added or removed or is it zero
(c) Also calculate the final temperature if the process were isentropic
(d) Sketch process for part (c) on a T-s plane [16]

4. (a) Using Maxwell’s relations deduce the two Tds equations.

(b) Derive the equation

(∂V /∂T )s 1
=
(∂V /∂T )p γ−1
[8+8]

5. (a) What do you mean by a perfect gas? Give the equation of state of perfect gas.
(b) Enunciate the Boyle’s law and Charle’s law and deduce the equation of a
perfect gases. [6+10]

6. (a) A gas mixture consists of 0.5 Kg of carbon monoxide,1kg of carbon dioxide

and 1.5 Kg of nitrogen .Determine
i. Mass fraction of each component
ii. Mole fraction of each component
iii. Average molar mass of the mixture and
iv. Gas constant of the mixture.

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Code No: RR222102 Set No. 1
(b) State Daltons law of additive pressure and Amagats law of additive volumes.
[10+6]

7. An air standard duel cycle has a compression ratio of 16, and compression begins
at 1 bar, 500 C. The maximum pressure is 70 bar. The heat transferred to air at
constant pressure is equal to that at constant volume. Estimate

(a) The pressure and temperature at the cardinal points of the cycle.
(b) The cycle efficiency and
(c) The mean effective pressure of the cycle. Take Cv = 0.718KJ/KgK and Cp =
1.005 KJ/KgK. [16]

8. (a) Explain the important components of a simple vapour compression refrigera-

tion system. Also discuss the functions of each component.
(b) Discuss the effect of sub cooling on c.o.p. of the vapour compression refriger-
ation cycle. Would you derive large sub cooling and why? [8+8]

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Code No: RR222102 Set No. 2
II B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Explain the concept of continuum and under what circumstances it is invalid.
(b) Differentiate between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous systems.
(c) What is thermodynamic equilibrium? Explain the significance of it in quasi-
static process? [6+4+6]

2. Write down SFEE and assumptions you make for the following cases.

(a) Boiler
(b) Compressor
(c) Nozzle
(d) Turbine. [4x4=16]

3. (a) What is thermodynamic temperature scale? Also explain how constant volume
gas thermometer could be used to measure absolute temperature
(b) An insulated tank contains 0.60 kg of air initially at 200 kPa, 200 C. An impeller
inside the tank is turned by an external motor until the pressure is 230 kPa.
Ambient conditions are 95 kPa, 200 C. Assuming Cv = 0.719 kJ/kg.K for air,
determine the irreversibility of the process. [8+8]

4. (a) Using Maxwell’s relations deduce the two Tds equations.

(b) Derive the equation

(∂V /∂T )s 1
=
(∂V /∂T )p γ−1
[8+8]

5. (a) Derive expression for change of internal energy and enthalpy during a process
with variable specific heat.
(b) An Otto cycle engine with a compression ratio of 10 uses a petroleum fuel of
Calorific value 48000KJ/Kg. The air fuel ratio is 15:1. The temperature and
pressure of the charge at the end of suction are 570 C and 1 bar respectively.
Determine the maximum pressure in the cycle with the mean index of com-
pression is expressed as :
Cv = 0.7117 + 2.1x10−4 KJ/Kg K, where T is the mean temperature. If the
value of cv remains constant at 0.7117kJ/Kg K, and also compression index
is unaltered, how will the maximum pressure be affected? [8+8]

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Code No: RR222102 Set No. 2
6. A gas mixture in an engine cylinder has 12% CO2 , 11.2% O2 and 76.5% N2 by
volume .The mixture at 10000 C expands reversibly, according to pV 1.2 =constant
to 7 times its initial volume. Determine the work done and heat transfer per unit
mass of the mixture. the average cp values for CO2 , O2 and N2 are 1.27 kJ/kgK ,
1.11 kJ/kgK and 1.196 kJ/kgK respectively. [16]

7. Explain the difference between Otto cycle and diesel cycle. Derive an expression
for the air standard efficiency of diesel cycle. Hence show that efficiency of diesel
cycle is always lower than efficiency of Otto cycle for the same compression ratio.
[16]

8. A refrigerant R-12 vapour compression system operating at a condenser tempera-

ture of 400 C and an evaporator temperature of -50 C develops 15 tons of refrigera-
tion. Using p-h chart for R-12, determine:

(a) The mass low rate of refrigerant circulated

(b) The theoretical piston displacement of compressor and piston displacement
per ton of refrigeration.
(c) The theoretical horsepower of the compressor and horsepower per ton of re-
frigeration.
(d) The heat rejected in the condenser and
(e) The car not C.O.P. and actual C.O.P. of the cycle. [16]

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Code No: RR222102 Set No. 3
II B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Differentiate between Microscopic and Macroscopic point of view.

(b) Prove that the difference between specific heat at constant pressure and spe-
cific heat at constant volume is gas constant.
(c) Explain what do you mean by thermal equilibrium. [4+6+6]

2. In a vessel 10 kg of oxygen is heated in a reversible, non flow, constant volume

process so that the pressure of oxygen is increased two times that of the initial
value. The initial temperature is 20o C. Calculate

(a) the final temperature,

(b) the change in internal energy,
(c) the change in enthalpy and
(d) the heat transfer. Take R = 0.259 kj / kg K and Cv = 0.652 kj / kg K for
oxygen. [16]

3. (a) Prove the statement “Of all engines which operate between given two thermal
reservoirs the reversible engine possesses the maximum thermal efficiency”.
(b) A heat engine is used to drive a heat pump. The heat transfer from the heat
engine and from the heat pump are used to heat the water circulating through
the radiators of a building. The efficiency of the heat engine is 27% and C.O.P.
of the heat pump is 4. Evaluate the ratio of heat transfer to the circulating
water to the heat transfer to the heat engine. [8+8]

4. (a) Distinguish between available energy and availability.

(b) Air at 1 bar and 300 C is heated in a reversible manner at constant pressure
until its temperature reaches 2050 C. How much of the heat added is available
energy (per kg of air heated ) if the lowest sink temperature is 40 C. Also prove
the formula used in this calculation. [6+10]

5. A mass of air is initially at 2600 C and 7 bar, and occupies 0.028m3 . The air is
expanded at constant pressure to 0.084m3 . A polytropic process with n=1.5 is
then carried out, followed by a constant temperature process which completes a
cycle. All the processes are reversible.

(a) Sketch the cycle in a p-v & T-s planes,

(b) find the heat received and the heat rejected in the cycle, and
(c) find the efficiency of the cycle. [16]

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Code No: RR222102 Set No. 3
6. (a) Define humidity ratio and degree of saturation of moist air .
(b) A moist air has a dry bulb temperature of 300 C and relative humidity of
60%. The total pressure is 100kpa. Determine the partial pressure of the
water vapour, humidity ratio and the dew point temperature. [6+10]

7. (a) What do you mean by air standard cycles? What are the assumptions for air
standard cycles.
(b) An air standard Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 8. At the start of the
compression process, the temperature is 260 C and the pressure is 1 bar. If the
maximum temperature of the cycle is 10800 C calculate
i. The heat supplied per kg of air
ii. The network done per kg of air
iii. The thermal efficiency of the cycle. [6+10]

8. Draw the line diagram of the Bell-Coleman refrigeration cycle retrigesetion. Ex-
plain with the help of a P-V diagram, different processes in the cycle. Explain its
advantages and disadvantages. [16]

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Code No: RR222102 Set No. 4
II B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Differentiate between Microscopic and Macroscopic point of view.

(b) Prove that the difference between specific heat at constant pressure and spe-
cific heat at constant volume is gas constant.
(c) Explain what do you mean by thermal equilibrium. [4+6+6]

2. In a steady flow apparatus 140kJ of work is done by each kg of fluid. The specific
volume of the fluid, pressure and velocity at the inlet are 0.37m3 /kg, 600 kpa and
16 m/s. The inlet is 32 m above the floor and the discharge pipe is at the floor
level. The discharge conditions are 0.62m3 /kg, 100kpa and 300m/s. The total heat
loss between the inlet and discharge is 9kJ per kg of fluid. Find whether specific
internal energy increase or decrease. [16]

3. (a) Explain the significance of Clausius inequality

(b) A cylinder contains 0.5m3 of a gas at 0.1 MPa and 900 C,. The gas is com-
pressed to a volume of 0.125m3 . The final pressure is 600 kPa. Determine the
work done and the change in entropy of the gas during the process. Assume
R = 0.287 kJ/kgK and Cv = 0.713 kJ/kgK [6+10]

4. (a) Explain : “Available energy” and “Availability” and Irreversibility.

(b) Define Melmholtz and Gibbs free energy function. [9+7]

5. (a) Explain the principle of throttling process with a neat sketch.

(b) 0.2Kg of air at a temperature of 1650 C expands reversible at a constant
pressure of 7 bar until volume is doubled. Find the final temperature, work
done and heat transferred.
(c) An ideal gas at 300 C and 1 bar is compressed adiabatically from 5m3 to 1m3 .
Find the temperature, pressure and the work done. [6+6+4]

6. Two kg mole of Carbon di oxide at a pressure of 1.8 bar, 800 C is mixed in a

thermally insulated vessel with 3 kg-mole of Nitrogen is at equilibrium, Determine
the final temperature and pressure and the change in entropy of the mixture. [16]

7. An air standard limited pressure cycle has a compression ratio of 15 and compres-
sion begins at 0.1Mpa, 400 c. The maximum pressure is limited to 6Mpa and the
heat added is 1.675MJ/Kg. Compute

(a) The heat supplied at constant volume per Kg of air.

(b) The heat supplied at constant pressure per kg of air.

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Code No: RR222102 Set No. 4
(c) The work done per Kg of air
(d) The cycle efficiency.
(e) The temperature at the end of the constant volume heating process.
(f) The cut off ratio and
(g) The mean effective pressure of the cycle. [16]

8. (a) How does the increase in condenser temperature affect C.O.P. Also explain the
influence of evaporator temperature on C.O.P. Which of the two temperatures
have more influence on C.O.P?
(b) Explain the actual vapour compression system on P-H chart clearly showing
the typical variation from theoretical systems. [8+8]

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