EC521 Telecommunication System Modeling and Simulation DATE: 04-05-2011 2 marks 1.

What are the advantages of constant envelope modulation? 2. Determine the minimum sampling rate necessary to sample and perfectly reconstruct the signal x(t)= sin(6280t)/(6280t). 3. State differences between soft decision and hard decision decoding. 4. Why does satellite communication system require constant envelope modulation? 5. MSK is used for multi-carrier system and not QPSK. Why? 6. Why OQPSK is preferred over QPSK? 7. Why is Eb/No a natural figure-of-merit for digital communication systems? 8. Often times, providing more Eb/No will not mitigate the degradation due to ISI. Why? 9. Why do binary and 4-ary orthogonal frequency shift keying (4-FSK) manifest the same bandwidth-efficiency relationship? 10. For MPSK modulation, bandwidth efficiency increases with higher dimensional signaling, but for MFSK, it decreases. Why? 16 marks 11. (i) What is the theoretical minimum system bandwidth needed for a 10-Mbits/s signal using 16level PAM without ISI? How large can the filter roll-off factor be if the allowable system bandwidth is 1.375 MHz? (ii) Find the minimum required bandwidth for the baseband transmission of a 4-level PAM pulse sequence having a data rate of R=2400 bits/s if the system transfer characteristic consists of a raisedcosine spectrum with 100% excess bandwidth (r=1). The same 4-ary PAM sequence is modulated onto a carrier wave, so that the baseband spectrum is shifted and centered at frequency fo. Find the minimum required DSB bandwidth for transmitting the modulated PAM sequence. Assume the system transfer characteristic is the same. 12. (a) (i) Explain the effect of constant phase error and carrier frequency mismatch the signal constellation during receiver demodulation. (ii) Given qk= exp[j( kdemodulator is
 kk)]

Ak, (for zero ISI) with pk =

, show that the phase error in the

k=

 
kk

(iii) Given qk= ckexp[j( k- k )] Ak, where ck>0 accounts for amplitude errors and accounts for phase errors, show that the phase error in the demodulator is

 k-

k=

OR (b) (i) Assuming that the input phase has the form (t)= maintain phase lock if |
0| 0t

+ , show that the PLL can only

|L(0)|,

Where L(0) is the d.c. gain of the loop filter (the Laplace transform evaluated at s=0). Assume an ideal phase detector and VCO. (ii) If L(s) is the transfer function of the loop filter such that number of zeros is less than or equal to the number of poles, show that the number of poles in the phase transfer function of the PLL (order of the PLL) is one plus the number of poles in the loop filter L(s). (iii) Show that if the input has frequency offset, (t)= 0 t + K, 0 0, then the first-order PLL with the simple loop filter L(s)=KL , cannot achieve perfect phase lock. (iv) Assume the input has frequency offset the sample interval. Find the lock range.
0

and

k=

0 kt

+ , where is some constant and T is

13(a)(i) A system is specified with the following parameters: Pr/No= 67 bB-Hz, data rate R=106 bits/s, available bandwidth W=20MHz, decoded bit-error probability PB 10-7, and the modulation is BPSK. Which code among (127,8) and (127,64) will fulfill these requirements? Q(0.7936)=0.2156 ; Q(1.4983)=0.0124; (ii)Prove that in a practical scenario, QPSK is not a constant envelope modulation with sitable mathematical expressions OR (b)(i)Find the average capacity in bits per second that would be required to transmit a high resolution black and white TV signal at a rate of 32 frames per second if each frame is made up of 2x10^6 picture elements and 16 different brightness levels. All picture elements are assumed to be independent and all levels have equal likelihood of occurrence. (ii) For color TV, this system additionally provides for 64 different shades of color. How much more system capacity is required for a color system compared to a black and white system? (iii) Find the required capacity if 100 of the possible brightness color combinations occur with a probability of 0.003 each, 300 of the combinations occur with a probability of 0.001 and 624 of the combinations occur with a probability 0.00064. (iv)BPSK and QPSK manifest the same bit error probability relationship. Does the same hold true for M-ary PAM and M2 -ary QAM i.e , do these schemes also manifest the same bit error probability?

14 (a) (i) You are required to make modulation and error correction code choices for a real-time communication system operating over AWGN channel with an available bandwidth of 2.4kHz. The available Eb/No is 14dB. The required datarate and bit error probability are 9.6kbps and 10^-5 respectively. You are allowed to choose one of two modulation types- either non-coherent orthogonal 8-FSK or 16-QAM with matched filter detection. You are allowed to choose one of two codes- either the (127,92) BCH code or a rate convolutional code that provides 5dB of coding gain at a bit error probability of 10^-5. Assuming ideal filtering, verify that your choices achieve the desired bandwidth and error performance requirements. (ii) You are required to make the same kind of design choices of modulation and coding as in the previous problem. The requirements and assumptions in this problem are the same as in the previous problem, except that the available bandwidth is now increased to 40 kHz and the available Eb/No is now reduced to 7.3dB. Verify that your choices achieve the desired bandwidth and error performance requirements. Q(4.483)=3.853x10 -6 OR (b)(i) In the Compact Disc digital audio system, an analog signal is digitized so that the ratio of the peak signal power to the peak quantization noise power is at least 96dB. The sampling rate is 44.1kHz. How many quantization levels of the analog signal are required to achieve (S/Nq)peak=96dB ? How many bits per sample are needed? What is the datarate required? (ii) The information in an analog waveform, whose maximum frequency fm = 4000Hz is to be transmitted using a 16 level PAM system. The quantization distortion must not exceed 1% of the peak to peak analog signal. What is the minimum number of bits per sample or bits per PCM word that should be used in this PAM transmission system? What is the minimum required sample rate and what is the resulting bitrate? What is the 16-ary PAM signal transmission rate? 15 (a)(i)Writepseudo-code to simulate GMSK and IQ imbalance in MATLAB. (ii) Derive Shannon limit from first principles.

OR (b) (i) What is Shannon capacity. In what conditions the capacities of a channel become zero. Calculate the capacity of a channel when its SNR is 33dB? (ii) Shannon and Nyquist each places an upper limit on the bit rate of a channel based on two different approaches. How are the two related?

(iii) Describe the subtle energy and rate transformations of received signals: from data-bits to channel-bits to symbols to chips. 11a) ex 3.8 b) eg 3.3 pg 167 12a) thtpll chap sr. sir did in the last class iyseems. b) no one knows it sr. 13a) eg 9.4 pg 553 b) ex 9.5 14a) ex 9.10 & 9.11 b) ex 2.14 & 2.16 15a) direct qn b)iii) Rs, Rc formulas other two not