Feedinternational20100910 DL

WATTAgNet.
com SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2010
Top feed companies report positive market signals

Further contraction for EU compound feed production Poultry offers comfort in hard year for Brazils feed industry Protecting performance when using DDGS in pig diets
Digital edition: www.-digital.com
ce ur so re re tu ul ric ag al im an g din lea e Th
WATTAgNet.com SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2010

Volume 31 Number 6
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Features 12 16 18 20 24 28
Following far from easy market conditions, many of the worlds larger feed producers are starting to report an upturn.
Further contraction for EU compound feed production

While remaining weak, this year could still see an improvement on 2009.
Get ready for EuroTier 2010

The ninth edition of the German animal husbandry exhibition is only weeks away.
Poultry offers comfort in hard year for Brazils feed industry

Despite a difcult year, poultry feed production is forecast to be the bright spot for the local animal nutrition industry.
Cover picture: JDoore / BigStock.com
Departments 4 Focus on feed 6 Feed world news 32 Products 35 Marketplace 36 Advertisers Index
SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2010 | WATTAgNet.
Protecting performance when using DDGS in pig diets

Careful management and diet supplementation may avoid oxidative stress and reduced performance
Ergot alkaloids of increasing concern

Ergotism can occur in all animal species and its impact on production should not be underestimated.
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White Paper: Increasing feed mill throughput A practical example One of the biggest issues facing feed production today is feed mill capacity, which puts tremendous pressure on these mills to identify ways to de-bottleneck their operation. www.WATTAgNet.com/16359.html Video: Addcon and green chemistry Kurt Wegleitner talks about Addcons green chemistry from Victam Asia 2010. www.WATTAgNet.com/14186.html Video: Using enzymes, byproducts in pig feed Dr. Jeff Knott, swine technical sales and research at Ralco Nutrition discusses the competition among food, fuel and livestock at the 2010 World Pork Expo. www.WATTAgNet.com/16529.html Video: More to see at EuroTier Annette Reichhold, marketing manager for EuroTier, Nov. 16-19 2010 in Hanover, Germany promotes Europes largest animal production show. www.WATTAgNet.com/16527.html
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Focus on feed
by Mark Clements mclements@wattnet.net
EU proposals allowing Member States to rule on GM crops win few supporters

Rather than breaking Europes GMO deadlock, the blocs latest proposals could make matters more complicated still.
You cant please all of the people all of the time. Sometimes, you cant seem to please any of them at all! The Euoepean Commissions latest proposals in the genetically modified organisms (GMO) saga would appear to have pleased very few. The president of the European Compound Feed Manufacturers Federation (FEFAC), Patrick Vanden Avenne, has noted that the Commission proposal is a proactive attempt to move out of the political deadlock regarding the implementation of EU GM legislation. Beyond this, however, he has expressed his deep concern. Expected for some months, in July the Commission proposed offering Member States the freedom to allow, restrict or ban the cultivation of GMOs on part or all of their territory. The proposals would leave the authorization system unchanged, but would allow Member States to take into account local, regional, and national conditions when adopting co-existence measures, ie where GM crops are sufficiently segregated from non-GM varieties. Health and Consumer Policy Commissioner John Dalli, commenting on the proposals, said: Experience with GMOs so far shows that Member States need more flexibility to organize the co-existence of GM and other types of crops, such as conventional and organic crops. He continued that the Commission was delivering on its promise to present a comprehensive proposal on future policy for GM cultivation and that follow-up actions on the proposals would be carried out by the end of this year. threaten the EU internal market. NFU chief science and regulatory affairs adviser Dr Helen Ferrier says: Instead of giving reassurances to support an effective and rigorous authorization process for GM crops across the EU, this proposal is all about enabling countries to ban the growing of GM crops. However, beyond the current confusion surrounding the proposals, the longer-term effects could be far more serious. Mr Vanden Avenne comments that the Commissions plans may further exacerbate
Open door
Opposition to the proposals, however, has come from various quarters. Environmental lobby group Friends of the Earth has argued that in speeding up the authorization process, Member States are being promised the right to ban GM cultivation if they reduce their opposition during the EU-level authorization process.
The new proposals may actually further increase legal uncertainties for feed manufacturers.
While the European Commission is seemingly offering countries the right to implement national bans, in reality the proposal aims to do the opposite opening Europes fields to GM crops, and we urge countries to reject this deal as it stands, Friends of the Earth says. feed supply problems to EU livestock farmers due to the high EU dependence on vital protein imports. This will further erode their competitiveness, ultimately leading to the export of the EU livestock sector. He also raised the urgent need of the EU compound feed and premix industry for a clear, practical technical solution, regarding trace levels of risk-assessed GM crops not yet authorized in the EU. EU livestock farmers and feed manufacturers have already paid a very high price due to the absence of practical threshold levels. No doubt the follow-up actions over the remaining months of the year will be closely watched and we will return to the saga again next year!
UK farming union NFU is also unhappy with the proposals. It emphasizes that the plans would give individual Member States the immediate power to set coexistence rules on a regional or national level without any scientific basis in order to restrict or ban cultivation. The union argues that the latest proposals set a dangerous precedent and that they
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Feed world news

Russian grain export ban highlights need for domestic supply
Russias temporary export ban on grain emphasizes the need to maintain productive agriculture in home markets, says UK farming body NFU. NFU combinable crops board chairman Ian Backhouse said: Wheat prices are up by 70% on prices in June this year, rising 11% on Thursday, August 5, alone. Heavy rain is being blamed for wiping out the wheat crop in Canada and todays announcement from Russia comes after the worst drought in more than a hundred years, which has devastated crops both there and in the Ukraine. He continued that it was impossible to speculate on the impact that the dramatic market movement would have, and added that it served to show how important it was to maintain and develop home production capacity in grain when faced with unpredictable supply from overseas. Events in this past week, resulting in extreme market movements, underline the importance of a vibrant domestic grain industry and a strong European agricultural policy that focuses on delivering a more productive, competitive sector to ensure food security both at home and abroad, Mr Blachouse said. Drought and wildfires are thought to have devastated more than a third of the cultivable land in Russia, and the export ban is due to start on August 15. The Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin has described the move as expedient to keep domestic prices low and to maintain cattle numbers.
EU fines 13 chemical producers $228M for price fixing

European Union regulators fined 13 chemical producers a total of 175.6 million ($227.5 million) for fixing the price of animal feed phosphates, according to The Associated Press. A statement by the European Commission said secret agreements to coordinate prices, allocate customers and market shares and set quotas were in place from March 1969 to Februar y 2004, when Finland chemicals manufacturer Kemira Oyj spoke up. Tessenderlo Chemie NV of Belgium was hit with the largest fine of 83.7 million.
Monsanto to extend Roundup Ready exports

Monsanto Co. has agreed to continue to keep its Roundup Ready soyabeans under export through 2012. The company said it will support international registrations for
four years longer than intended. Some in the industry want further action to make sure these seeds remain available. Monsanto has been promoting its new
Roundup Ready 2 soyabean seed saying it produces better yields. But customers have balked because the more expensive seeds have lower-than-expected yields.
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The worlds top event for animal production
Your Business Driven by Innovations

More than 1,700 international manufacturers on 170,000 m2 exhibition oor space Over 130,000 visitors from 96 countries All the innovations for breeding and keeping cattle, pigs, poultry, sh Leading technologies for the use of renewable energies
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Feed World News
Novus: Feeding the world a challenge

Do we understand how to feed the world? The question has been raised by Novus International in its white paper Methionine Global Outlook: The Next Decade. Novus vice president marketing and sales Giovanni Gasperoni notes that todays consumers are increasingly remote from animal production, and consequently lack understanding of where animal protein comes from. This lack of understanding can lead to confusion between which animals are pets and which are production animals, and lead to legislation that that makes production more difcult and costly. The worlds growing demand for animal protein will be met through intensive production, and it is important that consumers understand this. The white paper will help to educate producers and suppliers in this regard, Mr Gasperoni notes. While the current economic environment may not be the most conducive to expanding animal production, it should be seen as a temporary blip - long term growth will continue upwards. Growth rates may be slower in the future, but the trends in animal production and consumption will be positive. Illustrative of this is that demand for methionine over the next decade is expected to be in the region of 2.5% per annum, an obvious increase, but below the 3.4-3.5% recorded over the last 10 years. Listen to Mr Gasperoni talk in detail about the publication in our exclusive podcast Methionine: Global Outlook podcast: www.wattagnet.com/novusaugust.html
APPOINTMENTS
Corn demand will outweigh wheat in 2010-2011 feed harvest
Kiotech adds senior nutritionist.

Feed additive rm Kiotech has appointed Lucy Waldron as the rms rst senior nutritionist
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More maize (corn) and less wheat will be used in the worlds feeds in harvest year 2010-2011, suggests the latest market review from the International Grains Council (IGC). Feed manufacturers are expected to make sharp reductions to reduce their use of wheat because of lower availability and higher prices after a smaller crop, with world wheat production in 2010 projected to be down to 651 million mt from 677 million mt in 2009. However, there should be a rm demand for maize to include in animal feeds. The IGC projects the total feed use of corn to rise from last years 478 million mt to 483 million mt in 2010/11, since a record crop of 823 million mt is in prospect.
Raul Kohan to head Merial-Intervet.

Sano-aventis and Merck & Co. Inc. have appointed Raul E. Kohan as chief executive ofcer of its proposed joint animal health venture. The rm, Merial-Intervet would combine Merial and Intervet/Schering-Plough.
Animal Science Products makes two hires. Sasanka

Pedapudi has joined the Animal Science Products Inc. as laboratory manager, and Stephen Morcom has joined the companys sales team.
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Feed World News
CALENDAR
September
S 5 M 6 T 7 W 1 8 T 2 F 3 S 4 9 10 11
Japan sees a feed solution to rice surplus

September 29: Ukraine International Exhibition for Animal Farming 2010, Kiev, Ukraine, www.animalfarmingexpo.com October 5: AquaFair 2010, Brazil, www. aquafair.com.br October 5: Aquaculture Europe 2010, Porto, Portugal, www.easonline.org
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
October
S 3 M 4 T 5 W 6 T 7 F 1 8 S 2 9
October 13: 5th International Conference on 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Agricultural Statistics 2010, Kampala, Ugan17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 da, www.icas-v.org /31 25 26 27 28 29 30
Get more industry events:

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Large quantities of rice stockpiled by the government in Japan may be sold to Japanese feed manufacturers as an alternative to imported maize (corn), says Masachika Murai, director of the rice policy division at the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in Tokyo. Domestic rice consumption has fallen with the decrease in Japans population and the volume held by growers and distributors is the largest for seven years, so that the government is struggling to sell surplus supplies from its reserve of about 1 million mt.
Japans feed industry imports 12 million mt of maize annually, mainly from the US. Mr Murai suggested that a large part of this corn usage could be replaced by up to 700,000 mt of rice from the governments stores. The industry is ready to use more than a million tons of rice as an alternative to imported corn if the price is affordable, he claimed. It already buys from the government about 300,000 mt per year of rice that has been imported under an agreement by Japan to grant minimum market access to rice-exporting countries.
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Ecknowlogy EuroTier 2010
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Rising feed prices raise alarm

The rising cost of wheat, barley and soya, the main ingredients in pig feed, is expected to push the British pig industry back into the red by the nal quarter of 2010, according to a new report from the British Pig Executive (BPEX). And it warns that, as the grain market is global, other European pig producing nations are also likely to experience hard times in the near future. Based on current and forecast prices for wheat, barley and soya, it is anticipated that the cost of English pig production will rise from 137.2 per kg in June this year to 146.35 by November 2010, which means negative returns for every pig slaughtered, subject to future movements of the pig price, says the report. It continues that this grim prediction follows reports of the worst drought for 130 years hitting Russian grain crops, which has made the world nervous about the availability of wheat from Russia and the Black Sea region. There is also concern about the poorer-than-expected yields of barley in Europe and the Black Sea region, as well as robust international demand for soyabean, especially from China, which could push prices up, in spite of an anticipated record US crop in 2010.
IN BRIEF
GrainCorp buys AWB in all-share deal. GrainCorp of Australia has a $770 million,
all-share deal to buy its smaller rival AWB. The deal usurped the hopes of U.S. commodities rm Gavilon Group, who had long tried to get a 50-50 grain trading joint venture with AWB.
DSM holds 2010 Nutrition Forum.

Roughly 160 participants from 40 countries attended the forum, which focused on sustainability questions and gaining a broad-based future perspective in long-term decision making.
Vion acquires Innovative Proteins.

Vion has acquired Innovative Proteins located in Maquoketa, Minn., from Land O-Lakes. The new Vion subsidiary will be operated under the Sonac name. In the U.S., the company will distribute gelatin products derived from a Vion food group subsidiary, Rousselot.
KnowMycotoxins.com launches short course. KnowMycotoxins.com has launched a new page on its website featuring a Mycotoxin Short Course. The resource includes video lectures that address key challenges of identifying and dealing with mycotoxins: regulations, sampling, the most simple and sophisticated ways of testing.
SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2010 | WATTAgNet.com
12 |
Top companies by Peter Best

Following far from easy market conditions, many of the worlds larger feed producers are starting to report an upturn.
After a difficult start to 2009, market conditions for the worlds feed manufacturers have generally improved over the last 12 months. The effects are reflected in the annual reports of the companies covering their most recent full fiscal year. Many describe a gradual easing of the struggle to maintain volumes, against the background of a slow recovery in animal numbers and farm profitability after the successive miseries of high grain prices and economic recession. The accompanying Table provides our latest review of annual production tonnages for enterprises around the world making at least one million metric tons per year. A name high on the list - Land OLakes Purina - has expressed the view from the US that 2009 had been a challenging year for the feed business. Although the cooperative kept its position as the No. 1 US animal feed manufacturer by size, it saw a 13% drop in livestock feed volumes that was reckoned to be due especially to lower commodity prices in the milk and beef markets. Feed sales for 2009 were US$3.4 billion, down from US$3.9 billion in 2008. American poultry integrator Tyson Foods produces broiler diets at 33 feed mills in the US. Its chief executive, Donnie
Global ranking: animal feed companies

25 20 million tonnes 15 10 5 0 Specialized feed player Vertical integrated
Source: Rabobank/Feed International.
The worlds major feed producers by volume, showing business type and nationality.
Smith, has told stockmarket analysts this year that the company remains optimistic for the 2010-2011 period. It expects favourable domestic market conditions for protein to continue for the remainder of fiscal 2010 and into fiscal 2011, with a lift from increased consumer demand for chicken alongside better cattle and pig prices due to reduced supplies.
Notable successes
Among the big players in other countries, however, there have already been some notable successes in growing feed sales. The Netherlands has provided an example in the shape of De Heus, whose latest annual report showed a 2.2% increase in its domestic Dutch compound feed
rg C ill P La New / Ag Gr nd H rib ou o op ran p La e G ds k r Ty es P oup Ze so ur nn in no Fo a h Ea Co Nu ods st -op tre Ho er co pe ati Hu Gr ve ou na p n Ta Pe Sad ng rd ia Uc r aa ens A iga b ha B o Gu Co n Ag an -o Gr ri gd pe ou on ra p tiv g W en D es AD s L Gr G M Al Pr oup lia Sm ov nc ith imi e Nu e tri tio G ld n lon A Ba H& ch N Fr o a c In ngo o viv s o ul De NSA Da Heu s Ve Cha ro n ne si
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production to over 1.9 million mt thanks especially to higher sales to egg and cattle sectors. The company also reported that, although its domestic feed sales for broilers stagnated in the first six months of 2009, this was followed by strong growth in the second half of the year. De Heus now reckons to operate in over 45 countries. In fact, under half (11 out of 30) of its feed mills are located in the Netherlands. The total output from all plants in 2009 exceeded 3 million mt. Its European business has been further boosted recently by the acquisition by Poland-based De Heus sp.zoo of the animal nutrition activities of Evialis Polska, which produces complete feeds at two Polish locations.
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World feed manufacturers making more than 1 million mt per year of complete feeds in 2009.
Top feed companies for industrial production

Company Charoen Pokphand (CP Group) Cargill New Hope Group Land OLakes Purina Tyson Foods Brasil Foods Nutreco Zen-noh Co-operative East Hope Group Hunan Tangrenshan Group AB Agri Guangdong Wens Group Glon DLG Smithfield Foods Provimi DaChan/East Asia Group De Heus ADM Alliance Nutrition Bachoco Frangosul Veronesi InVivo NSA Marubeni-Nisshin Agravis Raiffeisen Cehave Landbouwbelang Perdue Farms Seara BOCM Pauls Deutsche Tiernahrung Cremer Mitsubishi Nosan Betagro ForFarmers JD Heiskell San Miguel Chubu Agrifirm Kent Feeds Kyodo Feed Japfa Comfeed CJ Cheil Jedang Ridley Agriproducts Terrena Meadow Feeds Nutrea Nutrition Animale Southern States Co-op Viterra Proconco Ridley Inc Aveve Brring Unternehmensgruppe Nippon Formula Feed Lantmnnen Lantbruk Mega Tierernahrung Epol Itochu Headquarters Thailand USA China USA USA Brazil Netherlands Japan China China UK China France Denmark USA Netherlands China Netherlands USA Mexico Brazil Italy France Japan Germany Netherlands USA Brazil UK Germany Japan Thailand Netherlands USA Philippines Japan Netherlands USA Japan Indonesia Korea Australia France South Africa France USA Canada Vietnam Canada Belgium Germany Japan Sweden Germany South Africa Japan Volume (x million tons) 23.2 15.9 13.0 10.1 10.0 9.9 8.7 7.5 6.5 4.9 4.7 4.1 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0
Netherlands-based Nutreco pointed out that while the groups multinational feed operations suffered a 3.7% decrease in volume in 2009 compared with 2008, this had been due entirely to market weakness in the six months January to June. The decline in the first half year was as large as 7.1%, but was followed by a recovery of 3.4% in the July to December period. Lately, the group has said European feed volumes in the first six months of 2010 continued the more positive trend of the latter part of 2009. Nutreco was one among several names on our list of the largest feed manufacturers to have made acquisitions in the past year. In its case this particularly involved the purchase of Cargills 12 Agribrands animal feed mills and related businesses in Spain and Portugal, representing an annual production of about 700,000 mt. Put with the Nutreco groups existing Spanish operation Nanta, it resulted in its Iberian presence increasing to 28 mills producing about 3.5 million mt/ year therefore exceeding the 2.5 million mt made annually at the 10 mills of Dutch group member Hendrix.
Eastern promise
For Nutreco, there was also the acquisition of a 51% shareholding in Fri-Ribe, a Brazilian animal nutrition and fish feed company, and more recently another move in aquaculture when it took full ownership of Vietnamese fish feed manufacturer Tomboy Aqua Feed that has two mills in Ho Chi Minh City and Long An province making feeds for shrimp and fish. Cargill, meanwhile, has followed up the opening of its US$12.5 million 250,000 mt/ year animal feed mill in Efremov, Russia, with the addition of its sixth aquaculture feed mill in Vietnam, the 60,000 mt/year Mekong Delta plant taking the companys total production capacity at Vietnamese sites to 720,000 mt/year. Additionally, Cargill is expanding the capacity of a mill at Sura Mica in Romania to 50,000 mt/year and it has joined with a South African feed manufacturer in entering the market in Zambia.
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Top feed companies
Other big players further developing their interest in Vietnam include Indonesias Japfa Comfeed, which will soon operate four Vietnamese feed plants with the opening of a 4,000 mt/week mill in Binh Thuan province. Directors of Japfa Comfeed have indicated a target of growing in Vietnam over the next five years to the production of one million tons of feed annually. Also from Indonesia is publicly-listed PT Malindo Feedmill, which has made news twice over - once when a 1.3% equity interest was bought by Leong Hup Holdings Bhd of Malaysia and again when it said its new US$10.8 million Indonesian mill being opened this year could produce 360,000 mt annually, virtually doubling the companys present production capacity. The plant is due to start supplying the Sumatra and West Java areas of the country by the end of 2010. The biggest feed-producing conglomerate both in Asia and worldwide Charoen Pokphand Foods (CPF) of Thailand was described recently by chief executive Adirek Sripratak as being on course to raise annual sales from last years nearly US$5 billion to a new high of US$5.6 billion. CPF has invested in a succession of new markets including Russia and parts of Africa and also India. It calculates that the 150,000 mt/year output in 2010 from its three Indian aquafeed mills puts it in the No. 1 spot in aquaculture nationally. But probably the biggest headline of the past year came when a report quoted Virote Kumpeera, of related company Bangkok Feedmill, as saying that the CP groups mills in all countries in 2009 represented a combined manufacturing capacity of 24 million mt/year. What is more, he indicated that the latest mill-building projects would be increasing the groups potential annual feed tonnage to 25.2 million mt. At this level its nearest competitor may soon be another Asian company in the form of New Hope from China. A
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statement from New Hope this year has suggested that the fast-growing group was likely to increase its total feed production from 13 million mt in 2009 to more than 16 million mt in 2010.
Consolidation and competition
Acquisitions and expansion by feed manufacturers around the world have been joined by more mergers, as enterprises seek the size and structure they will need to face future market conditions. Recently, for example, members of Dutch farm co-operatives Cehave Landbouwbelang and Agrifirm approved a plan to merge into a new co-op to be known as Agrifirm. Together, the founding organisations will give it a feed presence of about 4.5 million mt/year. A large slice of their combined
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activities is being integrated into new subsidiary companies called Agrifirm Feed and Agrifirm Plant that will enter the market in January. Cehave Landbouwbelang could already claim to be one of the larger animal nutrition businesses in Europe, achieving a total feed volume in 2009 of 4.2 million mt that included nearly 2.63 million mt of compounds. With production sites in the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Hungary, Poland and China, it is a global exporter of premixes, nutritional supplements and concentrates. Within the past few months it has moved to market leadership in Hungary, its local subsidiary Kabai Tp acquiring Hungarian feed manufacturer PannonmillTakarmny from Austrian group LLI (Leipnik-Lundenburger Invest Beteiligungs AG). Pannonmills two mills can make 70,000 mt of compound feeds per year, raising the total annual feed manufacturing capacity of Cehave Landbouwbelangs Feed Hungary to 200,000 mt. The coop also has been re-organising its Feed Netherlands and Feed Germany operations to reduce costs and boost future effectiveness. The challenge it has identified in Europe, in remarks echoed by other European players, is the growing competition to the industrialised compounds trade from on-farm feed mixing. Its annual report for 2009 spoke of Dutch pig-producer farmers in particular responding to cost pressures by making their own feeds. Future volumes were also suggested to be at risk from European Union rules on animal welfare. Cehave reported that its sales of poultry feeds in the Netherlands had dropped by 14% compared with 2008, partly because of a continuing decrease in the national number of chickens as producers invested in new husbandry systems that required a larger surface area per bird. Swedish co-op Lantmnnen Lantbruk has a partnership agreement with Cehave subsidiary CCL on testing and development of feeds. Lantmnnen, itself producing over a million metric tons of feeds again in 2009, similarly warned in its annual report about the trend to more onfarm feed production and resulting lower volumes for compound mills. The report added, the lower volumes mean that the feed business needs to optimise operations to remain competitive. In Lantmnnen feed operations this has meant some mill adjustments, but also a renewed focus on differentiated products such as by offering specific feed types to climate-conscious farmers. A range called Notfor Nara was launched with the guarantee that none of the ingredients used had been grown outside Europe.
Future volumes may be at risk from EU welfare rules.
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Netherlands Portugal Romania 16 | Ireland 3.0 0 Poland 3.5 14.0 3.3 3.0 3.5 5 Italy 3.3 7.0 3 United European outook by Mark Clements 14.1 Kingdom 14.2 Hungary 4.0 4.0
Further contraction for EU compound feed production

France 21.3 18.6
Swede
7.6 Others
While remaining weak, this year could still see an improvement on 2009.
European compound feed production could further contract by 1% this year, warns the European Feed Manufacturers Federation (FEFAC). The less than positive prediction is, nevertheless, be improvement on the contraction that took place last year, when output contracted by 3.8% to 147.6 million mt.
Germany EU compound feed production results for 2009 Denmark

Source: FEFACNetherlands Portugal Romania Ireland 3.0 0 Poland 3.5 14.0 3.33.0 3.5 5 Italy 3.3 7.0 3 United 14.1 Kingdom 14.2 Hungary 4.0 4.0
7.6 Others France 21.3 18.6 Spain
Source: FEFAC
Spain
4.7 7
20.3
6.0 Belgium 2.6 Czech 6 Republic
Latvia Lithuania
Finla
Sweden
2.0
4.7 7
20.3
6.0 Belgium 2.6 Czech 6 Republic
Latvia .2 24 .4 Lithuania Finland
Slovenia .5 Slovek 5 .7 Republic .7 Bulgaria

1.3 ..2.3 2 3 Austria
1.3
Cyprus Estonia
Denmark
Germany
Continuing difficulties
FEFAC points to a number of drivers for the compound feed market this year, including a continuation of the difficulties in the dairy sector, despite a modest increase in milk prices, the end to the downward trend in the pig production cycle, and a continued recovery in consumer demand for poultry products. Additionally, the federation says, the current forecasts for the EU cereals harvest this year indicate relatively low quotations for new crop grains, while soyabean prices are expected to remain stable. The announced increase in global quotations due to record harvests in South America is likely to be offset by a less advantageous dollar/euro exchange rate and as a consequence, FEFAC expects that production of cattle feed will contract by 2%, and that pig feed will be down by 1%, while production
Provisional estimates made earlier this year, show the compound feed production for the EU27 in 2009 at 144 million mt, i.e. 4.5% below the figure for 2008 (150.6 million mt). The significant downturn affected all animal species, in particular cattle feed (around 8%), pig feed (6%) and, to a lesser extent poultry feed (1%).
of poultry feed will stabilize. In 2009, production estimates for the EU 27 (excluding Greece, Malta, and Luxembourg) reveal that compound feed production for all animal species was, unsurprisingly, affected by the economic downturn. Cattle feed production declined by some 6%, pig feed was down by 5% and poultry feed output fell by 1%. Turnover recorded by the European compound feed industry is thought to have been worth 40 billion (US$52.3 billion) last year. Commenting at FEFACs annual general meeting earlier this year, outgoing president, Pedro Correa de Barros, noted
that the global financial crisis had taken its toll on livestock consumption and therefore feed production and that consumer confidence had to plummeted to historically low levels, resulting in consumers losing their appetite for healthy animal products. He continued that Europes dairy farmers had gone though the deepest market crisis since the beginning of the Common Agricultural Policy, while the pig sector had done little better. The financial crisis, he said, had prolonged the downturn in the market cycle, leaving farmers in very poor financial condition.
| 17
2009-2010 Industrial compound production (estimates 1,000t)
Cattle Country Germany France Italy Netherlands Belgium United Kingdom Ireland Denmark Spain Portugal Austria Sweden Finland Cyprus Czech Republic Estonia Hungary Latvia Lithuania Poland Slovak Republic Slovenia Bulgaria Romania 2009 5,876 5,910 3,480 3,440 3,330 3,250 Pigs 0.6 8,923 9,164 -1.1 3,180 3,150 -2.4 5,920 5,800 Poultry 2.7 5,169 5,225 -6.1 8,472 8,335 -0.9 5,445 5,500 -2.0 3,600 3,500 -4.3 1,326 1,270 -1.1 6,239 6,225 1.1 -3.2 486 550 475 550 1.1 -1.6 1.0 -2.8 -4.2 -0.2 -2.3 0.0 0.0 4.0 0.9 -1.0 -3.3 0.0 -1.8 0.0 2.6 0.6 16.3 2.4 -5.8 0.0 7.3 7.8 Milk replacers 145 384 155 740 44 1 6 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 145 341 160 725 44 0.0 716 Others 718 Total 2010 %tav 1.6 -0.1 -2.3 0.3 20,829 21,162 -0.6 13,830 13,810 -2.2 14,040 13,715 0.7 6,185 2010 %tav 2009 2010 %tav 2009 2010 %tav 2009 2010 %tav 2009 2010 %tav 2009 -11.2 1,539 1,461 3.2 1,570 1,560 -2.0 0.0 450 138 440 139
5,003 4,581 -8.4 5,894 5,532
-5.1 21,292 20,250 -4.9
1,097 1,022 -6.8 3,580 3,425 4,799 4,803 0.1 1,494 1,477 633 640
5,900 -4.6
0 -100.0 1,303 1,310 6 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 -33.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 400 174 909 270 235 150 65 109 367 2 205 17 13 370 12 12 18 12 416 170 910 270 230 145 108 358 2 205 17 14 390
0.5 13,836 13,815 -0.2 4.0 -2.3 0.0 -2.1 -3.3 -0.9 -2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.7 5.4 3,656 4,588 3,410 1,306 1,991 1,315 295 2,841 230 4,070 325 364 6,750 655 477 668 3,072 3,523 -3.6 4,470 3,410 1,320 -2.6 -0.7 0.0 1.1
2,131 1,986 -6.8 997 805 393 930 600 111 502 40 530 38 32 670 206 95 35 130 975 780 400 590 6,740 6,740
-2.2 2,867 2,775 0.0 9,500 9,350 -3.1 1.8 -1.7 955 232 385 345 13 929 140 111 71 925 240 370 335 12 910 140 110 82
-1.6 4,400 4,400 -3.1 1,380 1,435 3.4 -3.9 -2.9 -7.7 446 525 305 62 450 520 295 62
0.1 21,549 21,400
895 -3.8 110 -0.9 480 -4.4 40 40 670 0.0 5.3
1,931 -3.0 1,270 -3.4 292 2,772 230 4,015 327 7,000 -1.0 -2.4 0.0 -1.4 0.6 3.7
50 -23.1
-2.0 1,039 1,020 0.0 -0.9 15.5 48 159 245 48 160 285
510 -3.8 1,580 1,500 26 -18.8
-5.1 1,755 1,800
409 12.4
0.0 1,370 1,498 214 110 205 200 110 210
9.3 4,340 4,442 -6.5 0.0 2.4 223 260 410 210 260 440
180 -12.6 95 0.0
10 -16.7 12 20 12 -3.3 11.1 0.0
600 -8.4 477 710 3,317 -0.1 6.3 8.0 -1.0
40 14.3
155 19.2 1,400 1,500 -2.2 50,051 49,455
7.1 1,530 1,650 -1.2 48,414 48,557
Europe 27* 38,570 37,718

*Excluding Luxemburg, Greece and Malta. -:no forecast available; 2005-2004 figures.
0.3 1,483 1,428
-3.7 9,056 8,967
-1.0 147,574 146,125
FEFAC experts predict a further reduction in cattle and pig feed this year, and a stabilsation in poultry feed. While performance will vary from country to country, overall the federation predicts a contraction of 1% compared with 2009.
The crisis in the dairy sector triggered a severe contraction in demand for compound feed, particularly in the third and fourth quarters, while the economic crisis had amplified the downward slope of the pig production cycle. Low market quotations for cereals last year resulted in farmers seeing few incentives to put their cereals on to the market, and so preferred to use them on farm. Consumers last year, tended to switch to
While no country was immune to the downturn, its impact varied from country to country
less expensive sources of animal protein. While no country was immune to the downturn, its impact on feed production varied from country to country.
Regional variation
Spain and France now rank almost equally for the position of Europes largest compound feed producer in terms of total output. Spain recorded a relatively small contraction in output last year, will pro-
18 |
Feed production
duction falling by 2.6%. Germany, France, Italy and the Netherlands all recorded falls of between 3.6% and 6.1%. Cattle and pig feed production went down in almost all countries, whereas poultry feed production increased in Italy,
To learn more about European compound feed production, read: Europes compound feed output stable this year www.WATTAgNet.com/15895.html
Belgium, Hungary, Poland and Portugal, but dropped in France, Germany, the Netherlands and Spain.
Broader picture
However, economic issues are not the only difficulties that European producers are having to confront. In his departure speech, Mr Correa de Barros expressed his deep frustration at the industrys lack of success in convincing the public authorities of the need to urgently adopt a technical solution for the presence of not yet authorized events in feed and food imports.
Doing nothing is probably politically correct, but I am sure it is the most irresponsible solution
Doing nothing is probably politically correct, but I am sure it is the most irresponsible solution as our livestock farmers are the ones who have to pay the bill, he said. In his inaugural address to FEFAC members, incoming president Patrick Vanden Avenne noted that the competitiveness of European livestock production needed to be increased, and that livestock producers and the feed sector needed to produce more, and better, with less. He said: Resource efficiency is the key driver of our industry. We will pursue the development of precompetitive R&D projects leading to the adoption of new feed technology and feed formulation strategies seeking to further improve feed efficiency.
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Show preview by Mark Clements
Get ready for EuroTier 2010

The ninth edition of the German animal husbandry exhibition is only weeks away.
EuroTier 2010
November 16-19, 09:00 - 18:00 Exhibition Grounds Hannover, Germany www.eurotier.de To find out more about EuroTier 2010, watch: More to see at EuroTier www.WATTAgNet.com/16527.html
Visitors from some 80 countries are expected to visit the Hannover show grounds for this years Eurotier, taking place November 16-19.
Animal production exhibition EuroTier is fast approaching. Taking place from November 16-19 this year at the Hannover Exhibition Grounds, more than 1,700 exhibitors from 47 countries will be taking part in the event. Alongside the commercial exhibition, more than 170 discussion forums are planned for this years event, meaning that there will be something for everyone. There will also be numerous forum platforms for the leading animal species addressing current trends in specific sectors. These will include the EuroTier Pig Event, the EuroTier Dairy Event, and the International Poultry Event, to be held in the Convention Centre on November 15, the eve of the exhibitions opening. November 15 will see an international panel discussion for the poultry industry and the Central Association of German Poultry Producers will hold its annual general meeting. The World Poultry Show does not
return to EuroTier until 2012, however, the shows organizers note that, this year, they have already registered strong interest from companies active in the pig sector, and that stand bookings are up from those companies active in feedstuffs, animal health and veterinary medicines. EuroTier is thought to be the biggest exhibition of its kind for feedstuffs and veterinary medicines. The event also promises to be a showcase for latest developments in machinery, installations and farm inputs for animal husbandry. This year will again see an impartial and international Commission of Experts appointed by the German Agricultural Sociert DLG select EuroTier Innovations from the new products submitted by exhibitors and award Gold and Silver medals. The last edition of Eurotier saw a record number of visitors - 130,000 attend the event. Despite the economic downturn, attendance was up by 11%, with 22,000 visitors coming from abroad. While the show caters to all species, the pig industry is particularly important at EuroTier. In 2008, pig production and associated industries covered nearly half the exhibition space with a hall of 21,000 m2
dedicated to exhibits of equipment for pig units and another 5,200 m2 highlighting breeding organizations and reproduction techniques. Almost the same amount of floor space, 20,000 m2, was dedicated to feed, feed components and animal health, with an additional 8,000 m2 for companies supplying equipment used in storage, milling, mixing and pelleting of feed. There will be an increased emphasis in the pig industry at this years event as, from January 1, 2013, all pregnant sows in the EU must be kept in groups. New buildings already have to satisfy the new requirements for sow keeping, but to help inform producers BFL, an agricultural organization devoted to promoting agricultural building construction and optimizing livestock management conditions, is joining the DLG in addressing the issue and will be showing various solutions for the new requirement in a special Sow well being in group housing initiative on a 500 m2 exhibition stand. EuroTier will also host the second Chinese-European Pig Summit, on November 17.
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22 |
Brazilian market by Mark Clements
Poultry offers comfort in hard year for Brazils feed industry

Despite a difficult year, poultry feed production is forecast to be the bright spot for the local animal nutrition industry.
The Brazilian feed industry was affected by the turmoil in the world economy last year just like any other sector, says Ariovaldo Zani, CEO of the Brazilian Feed Industry Association, Sindiraes. The performance of the sector was in marked contrast to that recorded in 2008. Last year saw total production fall to 58.4 million mt, a decrease of 5%, whereas 2008 saw production expand by 10% to reach some 58.7 million mt, with increased demand coming from all livestock sectors. Despite a strong performance for 2008 as a whole, the 2009 downturn was already becoming evident as 2008 began to draw to a close. From January to September, demand for feed in Brazil rocketed, achieving a growth rate touching 17%, yet from September to December 2008, demand fell sharply as the effects of the credit crunch began to be felt. This contraction in demand continued into 2009. During the first quarter, feed production fell by 15% in comparison with the same quarter the year before, and declined by 20% in comparison with the last
Micro-ingredients demand - MT
Nutritional additives Vitamins Trace minerals Aminoacids Zootechnical additives Technological additives Sensorial additives Coccidiostats Total additives Carriers Overall
Source: Sindiraes *Forecast
Broilers 2009 2010* 20,203 21,658 5,887 6,311 94,341 101,140 3,249 3,483 21,827 23,400 0 22,172 23,770 167,679 179,763 29,687 31,827 197,366 211,590
Layers 2009 2010* 3,548 3,994 1,119 1,257 16,825 18,898 618 694 4,150 4,661 4,365 0 4,953 35,577 4,903 30,624 6,198 40,605
Demand for all micro-ingredients is expected to be higher this year.
quarter of 2008. Despite this contraction, there were hopes early in the year that total output could have been some 5% higher. Zani points out that reduced consumer expenditure resulted in less consumption of animal protein. This had an impact along the entire production chain, affecting fertiliser suppliers, agrochemical and seed suppliers, along with animal nutrition suppliers, livestock producers, exporters and food retailers.
Poultry the exception
Poultry feed production accounts for 55% of total feed output in Brazil and this segment fared less badly than others. Feed for broilers increased by 0.7% last year, to stand at 27.8 million mt. Sindiraes notes that the number of broilers in the country last year remained more or less stable, which fed through into this small expansion in demand. Demand for layer feed, however, fared
better. Layers consumed 4.82 million mt, an increase of 4.2% on 2008, and this growth was due to an expansion in the countrys laying flock. The second half of the year proved stronger than the first, and at six months into 2008, demand was only 1% higher. As a result of this increase in bird numbers, however, the price of eggs fell back during the first half of the year, and stayed low for the remainder of the year. Sindiraes is reasonably confident that the sector will expand this year, forecasting that total demand for feed and petfood could expand by some 3.5%. Nevertheless, there remain factors that could act as a drag on demand, and, clearly, the fortunes of the feed industry are tied to those of the poultry industry.
Stable poultry production
Poultry production in Brazil coped well with the economic crisis. Estimates made at the end of last year by the Unio
| 23
The Brazilian feed market by species 2009 The Brazilianfeed market by species 2009
Dairy Beef
Feed production (million MT)

Segment Avian Broilers Layers Swine Cattle Cats & dogs Equine Aqua Others Total livestock feed Mineral Supplements Overall
Source: Sindiraes *Forecast
8%
4%
Aquatics
1%
Mineral supplement ment
3%
Broilers
45% 5%
Cats & dogs ts
3%
Layers
8% %
Equines quines
1%
Swine
Source: Sindiraes
25%
Minor oth others
2%
2009 32.64 27.82 4.82 15.33 6.78 1.93 .56 .38 .74 58.4 1.8 60.2
2010* 33.39 28.38 5.01 15.94 7.28 2.01 .58 .43 .75 60.4 1.9 62.3
% 2.3 2.0 4.0 4.0 7.3 4.3 3.4 12.9 1.2 3.5 5.0 3.5
The poultry industry continues to dominate the Brazilian feed market.
Demand for poultry feed is expected to remain steady this year, while feed for other species is expected to see a bounceback from the difficulties of 2009.
Brasileira de Avicultura (UBA) put the total produced at 10.962 million mt, i.e. more or less the same as the record set in 2008. Per capita chicken consumption was thought to similarly be at the same level as 2008, coming in at 38.9 kg. Ariel Mendez, president of UBA, notes that there were still difficulties in winning credit and that, at the height of the crisis, resources simply disappeared. However, with the problems of 2009 behind it, the Brazilian industry hopes to achieve the same level of production this year as last. We know that the year ahead will be one where the economy recovers, and it is exactly for this reason that the poultry sector must proceed with caution. It is likely that we will achieve the same production levels as last year, he says. Overall demand for poultry feed this year could be in the region of 2%, but longer term the outlook is more positive. Zani points out that the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) forecasts that the world population will be more than 9 billion by 2050 and that the amount of food produced will need to double. Poultry meat production could increase by 120%.
per capita and pork exports rose by 15%. To help offset the effects of lower prices, producers chose to control costs through small additions to nutritional technology.
Dairy and beef
In the case of shrimp, consumption increased only in the last quarter of the year as cheaper prices encouraged consumers to buy. Some 90% of the shrimps raised in 2009 was consumed domestically, while in 2006, 65% went to export markets.
Dairy cattle feed demand stood at 4.4 million mt last year, a contraction of 8% in comparison with 2008. This decrease was the result of weak demand worldwide for dairy products and due to the fact that Brazil imported large quantities of milk powder during the first three months of the year. Poor market conditions continued throughout the year, in part due to farmers restricting milk availability, but also because of poor weather conditions in the South and Northwest of the country. Beef cattle feed fell by 7% during 2009, in part because farmers resisted moving cattle to feedlots while expecting higher prices for finished cattle, but also because of the overvaluation of the Brazilian currency, which fed through into less demand for exports, which in turn made conditions more difficult for some slaughterhouses.
Overcoming difficulties
Pig feed
Aquaculture
Demand for pig feed reached 15.3 million mt during 2009 - flat in comparison with 2008. Despite negative expectations, domestic consumption of pork reached 14kg
Fish and shrimp feed demand during 2009 once more surprised analysts and achieved 380,000 mt, confirming the high growth rate of the industrial aquaculture sector. Volumes were 17% up on 2008.
One of the great challenges facing animal producers, Mr Zani notes, is reducing the length of time that it takes to rear an animal to slaughter using practices that do not damage the long-term future of food production. The feed industry is helping to meet these challenges through offering alternatives and ever-more specific products, and additives that can improve performance while minimising waste. Additionally, for example, mathematical modelling using nonlinear programming rather than least-cost formulations helps to improve performance and profitability through additives. The Brazilian economy grew at its fastest rate in at least 14 years in the first three months of this year. Gross domestic product (GDP) rose by 9% compared with the same period a year earlier. This growth has largely been driven by internal demand and could well lead to inflation pressures that have been feared. However, despite the small increase in demand forecast for poultry feed, the price of poultry feed is expected to be stable for the remainder of the year.
24 |
DDGS by Lori Weaver
Protecting performance when using DDGS in pig diets

Careful management and diet supplementation may avoid oxidative stress and reduced performance.
Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) formulations were thought to be an inferior option for swine diets, but in recent years new processing techniques and improved quality control measures have created more consistent nutrient proles to formulate cost-effective diets.
DDGS levels, health concerns
In some markets, DDGS inclusion rates are reaching 40% in gestation diets, 20% in lactation diets and 30% or more in growing-nishing diets. Diets containing DDGS should be formulated on the basis of digestible amino acids and digestible phosphorus, says Hans Stein, extension swine nutritionist, University of Illinois. In general, 10% DDGS can replace approximately 4.25% soybean meal and 5.7% corn if 0.1% crystalline lysine is included in the diet. According to Stein, DDGS can be included in nursery pig, growing-nishing pig and sow diets at the rate of 20% and at the rate of 40% for gestating sows. At these inclusion rates, excellent performance of pigs has been reported provided that diets were formulated on the basis of digestible amino acids, Stein says. Greater inclusion rates are possible, but may not always maximize pig performance.
Do pigs still perform optimally when DDGS are included at the higher end of the spectrum?
Driven by ingredient costs, inclusion rates of 30% or greater in growing-nishing diets have become more commonplace. But are pigs still performing optimally when DDGS are included at the higher end of the spectrum? We have eld reports of producers experiencing a growth loss of 10 to 15 pounds during the growing-nishing period, or that the growth period when they increase DDGS levels is extended by about a week when high levels of DDGS are used, says Dr Brad Lawrence, technical services manager for Novus International. There have also been reports of lateterm abortions following administration of certain vaccines when high levels of DDGS are fed in gestation, as well as incidences of
foot pad lesions during nishing. The most frequent reports are of an increased incidence of Mulberry Heart Disease symptoms in offspring from sows fed high DDGS diets.
Why the challenge?
When pigs consume secondary oxidation products, feed intake can drop off, leading to additional concerns because nutrient needs are no longer being met. In three studies evaluating the feed intake and palatability impact of DDGS inclusion in diets of growing pigs, researchers from Kansas State University concluded that, regardless of source, feed intake is decreased when DDGS is included in the diets. Although it seems that the metabolizable energy content of DDGS is com-
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Safeguarding health
parable to that of corn, feed consumption may affect pig performance, even when DDGS is included at low concentrations in diet formulations. Feed intake reduction causes a decline in consumption of proper nutrients vital in helping growing pigs manage oxidative stress. Oxidative stress arises when production of harmful free radical compounds exceeds the bodys natural ability to detoxify them. far as fatty acid profiles are concerned. In fact, one of the most common challenges voiced by producers with respect to DDGS use is the increased attention to iodine value, an indicator of the unsaturated fat content, in the carcass. Unsaturated fats are more prone to oxidation. The cell membranes from pigs fed 3% corn oil from a diet containing 30% DDGS are more prone to oxidative damage than cell membranes from pigs fed a typical corn-soy diet getting traditional choice white grease. When these cell membranes are damaged, there is an unseen cost in both energy and amino acids to repair or replace these cells. This repair process harms growth, decreases feed efficiency and raises production costs.
Changes in cellular fatty acid profiles
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Vitamin E is critical for maintaining oxidative balance. Recent work with sows fed an unstabilized animal/vegetable fat blend showed that supplementation with an antioxidant, when fed at 0.5 pounds per ton, improved serum vitamin E status 25%. It is believed that vitamin E, in conjunction with selenium, works to form the free radical first line of defense. Vitamin E status of the pig is also affected by supply of selenium for normal vitamin E recycling. A deficiency of vitamin E and selenium is often seen with Mulberry Heart Disease symptoms in suckling and weaned pigs, a condition that has been associated with feeding high levels of DDGS in some cases. Inclusion of DDGS at higher levels requires careful management of vitamin E status. Organic selenium is used in the North American pork industry to improve the selenium status of offspring. It was thought that increased levels in milk resulted in subsequent increased selenium intake in the suckling pig and a building of selenium stores in tissues for the post-weaning period. Analysis of milk samples shows some evidence of reduced levels of selenium secreted in milk when feeding higher levels of DDGS.
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Compared to the concentrations of sulfur in corn, that in DDGS, like many other nutrients, is magnified at least three-fold due to manufacturing. DDGS high in sulfur can result in decreased uptake and abWATTAgNet.com | SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2010
Reducing risk of sulfur antagonists
| 27
sorption of copper and selenium. Feeding a high-quality organic mineral supplement containing copper can provide a highly stable and available form of organic copper that stays intact through the low pH environment of the gut. Selenium in organic forms is vital to keeping a pigs system in oxidative balance. Selenium is a key mineral co-factor for glutathione peroxidase, which converts hydrogen peroxide to safe compounds for the body. Research with lactating sows has shown that supplementation with a selenium-enriched yeast at 0.3 ppm increases milk selenium by about 0.04 g/ml. the need for more careful management. One of the main risks associated with feeding high levels of DDGS may be compromised oxidative balance affected by mycotoxins, potential oxidation products, alterations in the tissue fatty acid prole to more unsaturated fatty acids, and decreased selenium and copper status. Maintaining oxidative balance requires a strategic approach to combat specic challenges associated with feeding conditions and diet ingredients.
Lori Weaver is a writer and editor based in Lexington, Kentucky, US.
Mycotoxins risk magnied?
There is evidence that mycotoxins can be concentrated three times in DDGS compared to the grain itself. Recent studies have shown that consumption of aatoxins could have a dramatic impact on liver oxidation markers as well as serum vitamin E status. A dramatic increase in daily mycotoxin intake may occur when mycotoxins are concentrated in DDGS and then the distillers grains are included in the diet at 30-60%, presenting a signicant oxidative challenge to the pig. Many mycotoxins are biotransformed in the liver. Free radicals are produced when mycotoxins are consumed, that negatively affect oxidative balance. The work by Harper et al., (2009) found that use of a clay-based ow agent alone or use of a synthetic antioxidant blend could improve serum vitamin E status in the face of aatoxin challenge. This research conrms that even when a product is used that restores feed intake in the face of mycotoxins, enough mycotoxin can still be absorbed to potentially harm oxidative balance and potentially result in negative health consequences to the animal. The best mycotoxin management plan minimizes mycotoxin absorption in conjunction with a synthetic antioxidant blend than can improve vitamin E status. Production economics are driving increased DDGS use in all phases of pork production. The economic benets of using DDGS when formulating pig diets should not be ignored. But the price to be paid for that lower input cost comes with
28 |
Ergot alkaloids by Katia Pedrosa and Karin Grieler
Ergot alkaloids of increasing concern

Ergotism can occur in all animal species and its impact on production should not be underestimated.
Ergot is a fungal disease that primarily affects rye, triticale, barley and wheat, and which adversely affects the health and productivity of livestock. The fungus in question produces the ergot responsible for the ergot alkaloid group of mycotoxins and parasitizes the seed heads of plants at the time of flowering. It is often seen in years where wet weather prevails in the spring and early summer, during the flowering stage of cereal crops or when low temperatures are present during grain fill. Ergot infection reduces grain quantity and quality. It replaces grain kernels with poisonous alkaloid-containing ergot sclerotia - hardened bodies that are formed by the fungus. Despite using cleaning techniques at mills, ergot alkaloids have been detected in surveys worldwide. Fungal endophytes (Neotyphodium coenophialum), which infect perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceous) also produce alkaloids that impair animal health and performance. Animals grazing these pastures can lose body condition, and have low conception rates and lower survival of offspring. Cows in the shade suffering heat stress at 22C.
Hybrid rye contaminated with ergots.
Additionally, body temperatures are elevated and reduced blood flow to extremities can result in death of these tissues. In mammals, ergot alkaloids affect immune and reproductive systems as well as the central and sympathetic nervous systems as some possess hallucinogenic properties. Ergotism is one of the oldest known mycotoxicoses. Ergot alkaloids exert toxic effects in all animal species, and the most prominent toxic signs can be attributed to the interaction of ergot alkaloids with adrenergic, serotinergic and dopaminergic receptors. Recently, ergot alkaloids have gained considerable relevance due to, amongst other things, ergopeptine producing endophytes causing breeding problems in animals. The amount and pattern of alkaloids produced varies between fungal strains, the host plant and geographical region.
The term ergot alkaloid refers to a diverse group of some 40 toxins.
Toxicity in animals
Animals can be exposed to complex mixtures of ergot alkaloids in many typical production systems. This mixture results from the fact that the kinds of alkaloids present in grains and their levels can vary widely. Consequently, it is practically impossible to determine the exposure to individual toxins. Due to the fact that animals are exposed to a multiplicity of alkaloids when consuming endophyte-infected tall fescue, a combined alkaloid effect has been suggested. In addition to vasoconstriction, other symptoms reported as typical include gangrenous changes, neurotoxic signs including convulsions, abortions and death. Moreover, reduced prolactin secretion and consequently agalactia are major adverse effects in animals.
| 29
For a more detailed examination of ergotism, read: Ergot alkaloids a tour through the complex family of mycotoxins of increasing concern. www.WATTAgNet.com/17359.html
Poultry
It has been found that approximately 94% of the alkaloids ingested by cattle grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue were found in urine and the remaining 6% was in the bile. Usual symptoms of acute poisoning are lameness and gangrene due to constriction of the blood vessels and occasional convulsions. Cattle fed ergot infected sorghum had reduced ability to shed heat, which in turn reduced feed intake and growth. Poor reproductive performance or decreased pregnancy and calving rates have also been reported. Reduced testicular development and sperm production in males fed endophyte-infected fescue seed has also been reported. Toxic effects from cattle consuming endophyte infected fescue are manifested by one of three main pathologic conditions: fescue foot, fat necrosis, or summer syndrome. Fescue foot occurs mostly during cooler weather (<15C) and is characterized by rough hair coat, emaciation, limb swelling, development of necrotic tissue, and sloughing of tail and ear tips in extreme cases. Fat necrosis, or lipomatosis, results in deposition of hard, necrotic mesenteric fat around the intestinal tract, leading to impaired digestive function and sometimes death. Summer syndrome is the most prevalent and well-studied condition caused by grazing endophyte-infected fescue, where cattle suffer reduced feed intake and average daily gain. Chronic ingestion of low levels of the toxins may result in overall decreases in productivity through decreased milk production, reduced weight gain, diarrhea, reduced reproductive efficiency, spontaneous abortion and heat stress. Studies have reported that, in late pregnancy, abortions occurred 7-11 days following exposure to ryegrass pasture heavily infested with ergot. Researchers have reported that feeding tall fescue hay containing a high level of
Negative effects of ergot alkaloids have been observed in sows fed sorghum grain infected with sorghum ergot (17% C. africana ergot sclerotia) before farrowing. Symptoms included shrunken udders, lack of colostrum production, signs of oestrus and dead piglets due to starvation. Sows fed the grain after farrowing showed severe reductions in milk production due to low levels of prolactin. Moreover, agalactia (due to the interference in the release of prolactin), feed refusal and consequent reduced weight gain are classical signs of poisoning by rye ergot (C. purpurea). Other frequently noted symptoms include strong uterotonic effects, causing stillbirths and reduced pregnancy rate. Other studies have reported negative effects on the cardiovascular and central nervous systems due to higher blood pressure causing vasoconstriction. Defining the tolerable level of ergot in diets for weaned pigs is important to help use infected grains safely. A trial with ergot alkaloids to evaluate the performance and clinical symptoms in weaned pigs found that the maximum tolerable levels of ergot in the diet were 0.10 and 0.05% based on average daily gain and average daily feed intake, respectively, which corresponds to 1.04 mg to 2.07 mg of total alkaloids per kg diet.
Pigs
Trials in poultry have found that chickens fed contaminated diets (150 or 300 mg ergotamine/kg) exhibited poor feathering and developed gangrenous lesions on the toes when exposed to a continuous, temperature environment (22C). These birds consumed less feed and water and grew poorly, and these effects were exacerbated on exposure to a higher temperature (35C). In birds, prolactin is involved in incubation behavior and broodiness. Ingestion of ergotamine results in reduced circulating prolactin concentrations resulting in reduced circulating concentrations of gonadotropins and thus ovarian regression. In layers, feed intake and egg production are significantly reduced when ergot sclerotia (2%), from rye or triticale are included in the diet. Other studies have found that chickens fed with diets containing 2.5 and 5.0% sclerotia exhibited respiratory difficulties, diarrhea, and death. Blackening of beaks, claws and feet, followed by necrosis of these parts were the most obvious signs. Birds fed grains containing ergots sclerotia have been seen to be reluctant to move; their feet were uniformly dark, reddish purple, and they were slightly dehydrated. They also exhibited purplish-black claws, toes, shanks and beaks on several three day old chicks.
Symptoms of ergot poisoning are more pronounced when animals are kept outside under varying weather conditions. Adult ruminants are considered less susceptible to mycotoxins, since the alkaloids are metabolized quickly. The rumen microbes may be influenced in their activity in deactivating the alkaloids by varying feed intake and passage rates through the rumen.
Cattle
30 |
Ergot alkaloids
ergovaline can reduce the performance of lactating dairy cows even with relatively cool temperatures and at a relatively high dietary ratio of concentrate to roughage. In the rumen fluid, concentrations of isovalerate, propionate and ammonia nitrogen are significantly influenced as is the amount of protein ruminally undegraded; conversely, the fermentation of neutral detergent fiber, tends to increase with the ergot supplementation at higher levels of feed intake, which might indicate a modification in the microbial population.
Quality feed is the first step to avoid problems

ach and intestinal mucosa. Ergovaline ingestion suppresses feed intake, reduces serum prolactin level, and reduces thermoregulatory function, which leads to increased body and decreased skin temperatures, elevated respiration rates and reduced live weight gain. Endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii)-infected perennial ryegrass causes high loss of ewes and weaned lambs and seriously disrupts breeding goals, increases lameness in sheep and cattle and elevates the incidence of pregnancy toxemia. Ewes pastured on high endophyte-containing fescue before breeding take longer to conceive or have a reduced conception rate and experience embryonic mortality. The effects of ergot alkaloids in animals
Lambs kept outdoors administered aqueous suspensions of milled ergot from C. purpurea (0.75 g sclerotia/kg body weight) have shown signs of dullness, inappetence, high pulse rate, diarrhea, edema of the hind legs and tail, as well as lameness. Post-mortem findings have included inflammation and necrosis of the forestom-
Sheep
are diverse and can impair the health and productivity of animals, and result in economic losses for producers. The total alkaloid content, as well as the level of individual alkaloids, varies; therefore, it is difficult to obtain specific data on exposure to individual toxins of certain animal species as well as to set safe levels. Despite that only a few countries have set limits for individual ergot alkaloids in food or feed, recommendations for levels of ergot sclerotium (dormant winter form of the fungus Claviceps purpurea) are being used. Thus, the limit refers to the weight of ergot kernels per total commodity weight, and not toxin concentration. The use of high-quality feedstuffs to reduce toxicosis of ergot alkaloids in livestock is the first step in avoiding problems they can cause, but inclusion of a mycotoxin counteracting product could also be considered.
Katia Pedrosa and Karin Grieler are product managers with Biomin Holding GmbH.
32 |
Product news
the company. Optional massagers help promote material flow, a dust cabinet offers containment during discharge and V-shaped pinch bars provide automated opening and closing of the bag. All major components, fixtures and fittings can be dismantled by hand and reassembled without the use of tools. www.spiroflowsystems.com
option can result in a belt lifespan up to five times longer than end drive models. Other specifications include the ability to handle loads up to 500 pounds, belt speeds up to 300 feet per minute, belt widths between 4 inches to 52 inches and conveyor lengths up to 83 feet. +1.262.367.7600 www.dorner.com
Alltech Bioplex Zinc
Spiroflow Systems introduces the Model T11 Bulk Bag Super Discharger. The Model T11 is built of stainless steel and can be stripped down within minutes by two plant employees, according to
Spiroflow Systems Bulk Bag Super Discharger
Dorner AquaGard 7360 Center Drive Conveyor
Dorners AquaGard 7360 series conveyor platform now comes with a center drive motor option. According to the company, this
Alltechs Bioplex Zinc 15% OA is now Organic Materials Review Institute (OMRI) listed. OMRI listed products may be used in operations that are certified under the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Organic Program. Bioplex Zinc can now be used by organic farming operations throughout the U.S. +1.859.885.9613 www.alltech.com
34 |
Products
EC offers improved phosphate and other phytate-bound nutrient availability, as well as a reduced environmental impact from phosphate excretion. +0.1672.517.650 www.abvista.com
GhangZhou Wisdom Bio-Technology Co. Ltd. Wisdem Golden-Y Wire Belt Co. CompactGrid
Wire Belt Co. offers CompactGrid. This conveyor belt is made of stainless steel and designed to replace plastic modular belts. It has a 70% open area to better protect products from harmful pathogens, according to the company. It is accepted by USDA NSF/ ANSI/3-A hygiene standards. +1.603.644.2500 www.wirebelt.com
Muyang Group SFSP132 hammer mill
Industrias Vepinsa S.A. de C.V. Florafil
Muyang Group offers the SFSP132 hammer mill. It is designed for feed pre and post grinding. It is available in many different capacities. It has a water-drop chamber with W-shape secondary grinding structure. It features a one-step screen hold-down device and fully open sliding door. This machine is also customizable. +86.514.878.48880 www.muyang.com
GhangZhou Wisdom Bio-Technology Co. Ltd. offers Wisdem Golden-Y. This feed-additive for the pigmentation of chickens comes as a yellow powder. It contains Xanthophylls and marigold flower extracts. +86.203.205.8201 www.zhiteqi.com.cn
Industrias Vepinsa S.A. de C.V. offers Florafil. It is a pigmentation product that contains extracts from marigold flowers and red peppers. It comes in both a powder and liquid form, and is available in different pigment concentrations. +52.668.816.0500 www.thebeautyofyellow.com
Spiroflow Systems Inc. Flexible Screw Conveyor & bulk handling accessories Spectronics Corp. Spectroline BIB-150P ultraviolet lamp
Spectronics Corp. offers the Spectroline BIB-150P ultraviolet lamp. Designed to highlight the presence of trace amounts of rodent urine and feces, the lamp also reveals oil, grease, dust and other contaminants. Weighing 3 pounds, the lamp features high UV intensity, polymer housing, built-in ballast bulb and a vinyl-coated, stainless-steel wraparound heat guard. +1.800.274.8888 www.spectroline.com
Spiroflow Systems Inc. offers a Flexible Screw Conveyor and bulk handling accessories. The conveyor moves bulk dry solids and other ingredients at a higher rate using a faster rotation of its spiral screw. Accessories include three types of massagers with side, base and corner options to help move 95% of compacted or difficult flow materials and fill bulk bags faster. +1.704.291.9595 www.spiroflowsystems.com
Brandt Agricultural Products Auger Max Bin Sensor
AB Vista Finase EC bacterial 6-phytase
AB Vistas Finase EC bacterial 6-phytase has gained official registration in South Africa. This registration follows the products launch across the European Union. Finase
Brandt Agricultural Products offers the Auger Max Bin Sensor in its grain handling line. It features a wearable, wireless pager that beeps, vibrates and flashes when the grain pile has reached the auger, and a high contrast light and red rear light for transport. +1.306.791.7555
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Agromed Austria GmbH..........................................3 A Kahl GmbH & Co KG ..........................................6 Alltech Inc .........................................................14-15 Andritz Feed & Biofuel A/S ....................................7 Angel Yeast Co Ltd ................................................27 BASF Ag................................................................ C2 Biomin GmbH ........................................................25 Buhler AG...............................................................21 CentreFocus llc.................................................35, 36 CPM Beta Raven ....................................................31 DLG-Deutsche Landwirt-Gesell .............................7 DPI Global ..............................................................33 Dr Eckel GmbH ......................................................10 Evonik Degussa GmbH Feedadditives....................5 F.lli Fragola SpA.....................................................31 Geelen Counterow BV .........................................18 Intl Ingredient Corp ...............................................33 Jadis Additiva B.V. .................................................19 Jiangsu Muyang Group ............................................9 Lallemand SAS ......................................................19 Micro-Plus Konzentrate GmbH ............................31 Omega Protein Inc .................................................33 Perten Instruments AB ..........................................26 Priya Chemicals .....................................................33 Proteinka a.d. .........................................................25 Rubinum SA ...........................................................21 Shandong NB Group Co LTD ...............................30 Shanghai Zhengchang Intl Machinery & Engineering Co Ltd. ...................C4 Sichuan Chuanheng Chemical Corp .....................30 Silo SPA ..................................................................32 Singao .....................................................................34 U S Poultry & Egg Assn ....................................... C3 Walinga Inc ..............................................................8 Zagro Singapore Pte Ltd ........................................11
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WATTAgNet.

com SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2010

Top feed companies report positive market signals

WATTAgNet.com SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2010

Further contraction for EU compound feed production

Get ready for EuroTier 2010

Poultry offers comfort in hard year for Brazils feed industry

Cover picture: JDoore / BigStock.com

Protecting performance when using DDGS in pig diets

Ergot alkaloids of increasing concern

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EU proposals allowing Member States to rule on GM crops win few supporters

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AMINORED because its all about whats inside.

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EU fines 13 chemical producers $228M for price fixing

Monsanto to extend Roundup Ready exports

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Raul Kohan to head Merial-Intervet.

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Rising feed prices raise alarm

DSM holds 2010 Nutrition Forum.

Vion acquires Innovative Proteins.

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2010 | WATTAgNet.com

Top feed companies report positive market signals

Global ranking: animal feed companies

Source: Rabobank/Feed International.

Top feed companies for industrial production

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On consolidation and integration, visit: www.WATTAgNet.com/17336.html

Consolidation and competition

Future volumes may be at risk from EU welfare rules.

Further contraction for EU compound feed production

Germany EU compound feed production results for 2009 Denmark

6.0 Belgium 2.6 Czech 6 Republic

6.0 Belgium 2.6 Czech 6 Republic

Latvia .2 24 .4 Lithuania Finland

Slovenia .5 Slovek 5 .7 Republic .7 Bulgaria

5,003 4,581 -8.4 5,894 5,532

-5.1 21,292 20,250 -4.9

0.1 21,549 21,400