AP Biology Activity 35 A Vocabulary 1. cortex 2. dicot 3. phloem 4. endodermis 5. xylem 6. epidermis 7. Dicot stem 8. leaf 9. monocot stem 10.

pith 11. palisade parenchyma 12. cuticle 13. guard cells 14. lower epidermis 15. spongy parenchyma 16. stoma 17. upper epidermis 18. vein Activity 35 B Vocabulary 1. Primary Growth 2. Secondary Growth 3. Vascular Cambium 4. Secondary xylem 5. Secondary Phloem 6. Cork Cambium 7. Cork Activity 35 Quiz Score _____

Name: _____________________________

AP Biology Chapter 36 Activities Activity 36A 1. Photosynthesis Process in which carbon dioxide is converted in to organic compounds using the energy from sunlight. Plants usually carry out this process since they are photoautotrophs, which is creating their own food using energy from sunlight. 2. root hairs a hair forming cell on the epidermis of a plant root. They have a large surface area which aids in absorbing water using osmosis and minerals more efficiently. 3. mycorrhizae very specialized mutualistic associations between roots and fungi. The fungal hyphae provide an extensive surface area for the absorption of water and minerals. It provides essential nutrients to the plant. 4. Apoplastic the free diffusional space outside the plant membrane. The apoplastic route facilitates the transport of water and solutes across a tissue or organ, or through the cell wall. 5. Symplastic the inner side of the plasma membrane in which water can low weight solutes can freely diffuse. The water and minerals go through the cytoplasm. 6. Plasmodesmata The plasmodesmata allows the direct flow of small molecules between cells. This allows direct cytoplasm to cytoplasm flow of water and nutrients along the concentration gradient. They are channels which traverse the cell walls of plant cells enabling transport and communication between them. 7. casparian strip A belt made of suberin, a waxy material impervious to water and dissolved minerals. Thus, water and minerals cannot cross the endodermis and enter the vascular tissue via the apoplast. The Casperian strip forces water and minerals that are passively moving through the apoplast to cross the plasma membrane of an endodermal cell and enter the stele via the symplast. It ensures that no minerals can reach the vascular tissue of the root without crossing a selectively permeable plasma membrane. 8. Transpiration The loss of water vapor from leaves and other aerial parts of the plant. Similar to evaporation. Leaf transpiration occurs through the stomata. This also cools plants and enables mass flow of mineral nutrients and water from the roots to the shoots. 9. Cohesion - Water molecules cohere (stick together), and are pulled up the plant by the tension, or pulling force, exerted by evaporation at the leaf surface. The driving force is transpiration. It is the sticking of water molecules so that they form a continuous stream extending from the leaves the roots. Held together by hydrogen bonds. 10. Adhesion water molecules adhere to the cellulose molecules in the walls of the xylem. As water moves are removed by transpiration in the leaf, the next molecule moves upward to take its place, pulling the stream of molecules continuously along. Its like the water molecules attach to the cellulose molecules in the xylem so they dont fall. 11. How do plants prevent excessive water loss? Plants prevent excessive water loss by the closing of their stomata. Activity 36B 1. 2. 3. 4. sugar source sugar sink bulk flow taproot

Chapter 36 Activities Quiz Score _____ AP Biology Chapter 37 Plant Nutrition Activity A
1. Cations 2. Acid precipitation 3. Why wouldnt you expect acid precipitation to make soil more fertile?

Activity B

1. Ammonification 2. Assimilation 3. Nitrification 4. Nitrogen fixation 5. Diagram the nitrogen cycle and label all organisms involved in the nitrogen cycle.

Activities Quiz Score _______

AP Biology Chapter 38 Plant Reproduction and BioTech. Activity 38A

1. Angiosperm 2. Flower 3. Anther 4. Carpal 5. Filament 6. Megasporocyte 7. Ovary 8. Ovule 9. Petal 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. Sepal Stamen Stigma Style Gametophyte Fertilization Germination Pollination

Activity B
1. Fruit 2. Endosperm 3. Cotyledon 4. Dry fruit 5. Fleshy fruit 6. Seed

Activity C
1. What are your thoughts on genetically modified foods?

AP Biology Chapter 39 Plant Response Activity A

1. Petiole 2. Leaf abscission 3. Chlorophyll 4. Carotenoids 5. Anthocyanins

Activity B
1. Photoperiod 2. Short day plants 3. Long day plants

Activities Quiz Score _____