Code No: RR320304 Set No.

1
III B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
DYNAMICS OF MACHINES
( Common to Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics, Production
Engineering and Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. The ratio of the connecting rod length to crank length for a vertical petrol engine
is 4:1, the bore/ stroke is 80/100 mm and mass of the reciprocating parts is 1 kg.
The gas pressure on the piston is 0.7 N/mm2 when it has moved 10 m from T.D.C.
on its power stroke. Determine the net load on the gudgeon pin. The engine runs
at 1800 rpm. At what engine speed will this load be zero? [16]

2. A horizontal steam engine 20 cm diameter by 40 cm stroke, connecting rod 100 cm

makes 160 r.p.m. The mass of the reciprocating parts is 50 kg. When the crank
has turned through an angle of 30 degrees, the steam pressure is 4.5 bar.

(a) Calculate the turning moment on crank shaft.

(b) If the mean resistance torque is 30 N-m and the mass of flywheel is 50 kg and
the radius of gyration 70 cm, Calculate the acceleration of the flywheel. [16]

3. (a) Classify dynamometers. And explain function of one transmission type dy-
namometer.
(b) A simple band brake is operated by a lever of length 500 mm. The brake
drum has a diameter of 500 mm and the brake band embraces 5/8th of the
circumference. One end of the band is attached to the fulcrum of the lever
while the other end is attached to a pin on the lever 100 mm from the fulcrum,.
If the effort applied to the end of the lever is 2 kN and the coefficient of friction
is 0.25, find the maximum braking torque on the drum. [6+10]

4. (a) 20 kW is transmitted at 1000 r.p.m by a cone clutch having average friction

diameter of 250 mm and semi-cone angle of 120 . Determine the axial force
for engagement and the width of the friction face. Assume average pressure
intensity is 0.7 bar and µ=0.3.
(b) Determine the axial force required to engage a cone clutch transmitting 25
kW of power at 600 r.p.m. Average friction diameter of the cone is 400 mm,
semi cone angle is 120 and coefficient of friction 0.25. Also find the width of
the friction cone. [8+8]

5. (a) What are the differences between Porter and Proell governors? Why is the
speed range of Proell governor less than that of a similar porter type?
(b) A Hartnell governor with a central sleeve spring and two right angled bell
crank levers rotates between 280rpm and 320rpm, for a sleeve lift of 3cm. The
sleeve arms and the ball arms are 10cm and 14cm respectively. The levers are

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Code No: RR320304 Set No. 1
pivoted at 12cms from the governor axis and the mass of each ball is 3kg. The
space restriction imposes the condition that maximum radius of rotation of
the fly ball not to exceed 15cm. Calculate
i. loads on the spring at the lowest and the highest equilibrium speeds and
ii. stiffness of the spring. [6+10]

6. A single cylinder horizontal engine runs at 120 r.p.m. The length of stroke is 400
mm. The mass of the revolving parts assumed concentrated at the crank pin is
100 kg and mass of reciprocating parts is 150 kg. Determine the magnitude of the
balancing mass required to be placed opposite to the crank at a radius of 150mm
which is equivalent to all the revolving and 2/3rd of the reciprocating masses. If the
crank turns 300 from the inner dead centre, find the magnitude of the unbalanced
force due to the balancing mass. [16]

7. Two locomotives are built with similar sets of reciprocating parts. One is an inside
cylinder engine with two cylinders with central lines at 0.5m apart. The distance
between the driving wheel centres is 1.5 m in both the cases. The inside cylinder
locomotive runs at 0.75 times the speed of the outside cylinder locomotive and
the hammer blow of the inside cylinder locomotive is 1.3 times hammer blow of
outside cylinder locomotive. If the dia of the driving wheel of the outside cylinder
locomotive is 2 m, calculate the dia of the driving wheel of the inside cylinder
locomotive. Compare also the variation of the swaying couples of the two engines
assuming that the same fraction of the reciprocating masses are balanced in both
the cases and that the cylinders are at the same distance from wheels in the outer
cylinder locomotive. [16]

8. A coil of spring stiffness 40 N/mm supports vertically a load of 200N at the free
end. The motion is resisted by the oil dashpot. It is found that the amplitude at the
beginning of the fourth cycle is 0.8 times the amplitude of the previous vibration.
Find the ratio of the frequencies of damped and undamped vibrations. [16]

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Code No: RR320304 Set No. 2
III B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
DYNAMICS OF MACHINES
( Common to Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics, Production
Engineering and Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. In the slider crank shown in figure 1 mechanism, the forces Fl and F2 are known.
Determine the torque that may be applied on the crank shaft to maintain equilib-
rium. [16]
Fl = 100kgf, F2 = 80 kgf, AB = 36 cm, OA=9cm, AS = 16cm 6 AOB =450 .

Figure 1
2. A horizontal steam engine running at 240 r.p.m has a bore of 30 cm and stroke of
16 cm the connecting rod is 105 cm long and reciprocating parts have a mass of
60 kg. When the crank is 600 apart its inner dead centre, the steam pressure on
the cover side of the piston is 11.15 bar while that on the crank side is 1.25 bar.
Neglecting: the area of the piston rod, determine.

(a) The force in the piston rod;

(b) The turning moment on the crankshaft. [16]

3. (a) Classify dynamometers. And explain function of one transmission type dy-
namometer.
(b) A simple band brake is operated by a lever of length 500 mm. The brake
drum has a diameter of 500 mm and the brake band embraces 5/8th of the
circumference. One end of the band is attached to the fulcrum of the lever
while the other end is attached to a pin on the lever 100 mm from the fulcrum,.
If the effort applied to the end of the lever is 2 kN and the coefficient of friction
is 0.25, find the maximum braking torque on the drum. [6+10]

4. A car engine has its rated output of 10kW. Maximum torque developed is 100Nm.
The clutch used is of single plate type having two active surfaces. Axial pressure
is not to exceed 0.85 bar. External diameter of the friction plate is 1.25 times the

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Code No: RR320304 Set No. 2
internal diameter. Determine the dimensions of the friction plate and the axial
force exerted by the springs. Assume uniform wear and coefficient of friction as
0.3. [16]

5. (a) A Porter governor has links 150 mm long and are attached to pivots at a radial
distance of 30 mm from the vertical axis of the governor. The mass of each
ball is 1.75 kg and the mass of the sleeve is 25 kg. The governor sleeve begins
to rise at 300 r.p.m. when the links are at 300 to the vertical. Assuming
the friction force to be constant, find the minimum and maximum speeds of
rotation when the inclination of the links is 450 to the vertical.
(b) A Proell governor has all the four arms of length 250 mm. The upper and
lower ends of the arms are pivoted on the axis of rotation of the governor.
The extension arms of the lower links are each 100 mm long and parallel to
the axis when the radius of the ball path is 150 mm. The mass of each ball is
4.5 kg and the mass of central load is 36kg. Determine the equilibrium speed
of the governor. [8+8]

6. A four cylinder engine has the two outer cranks at 1200 to each other and their
reciprocating masses are each 400kg. The distance between the planes of rotation
of adjacent cranks are 400mm, 700mm, 700mm and 500mm. Find the reciprocating
mass and the relative angular position for each of the inner cranks, if the engine is
to be in complete primary balance. Also find the maximum unbalanced secondary
force, if the length of each crank is 350mm, the length of each connecting rod 1.7
m and the engine speed 500r.p.m. [16]

7. An air compressor has four vertical cylinders 1,2,3 and 4 inline and the driving
cranks at 90 intervals reach their upper most positions in this order. The cranks
are of 150mm radius, the connecting rods 500mm long and the cylinder centre line
400mm apart. The mass of the reciprocating parts of each cylinder is 22.5kg and
the speed of rotation is 400r.p.m. Show that there are no out-of-balance primary or
secondary forces and determined the corresponding couples, indicating the positions
of No. 1 crank for maximum values. The central plane of the machine may be taken
as reference plane. [16]

8. A coil of spring stiffness 40 N/mm supports vertically a load of 200N at the free
end. The motion is resisted by the oil dashpot. It is found that the amplitude at the
beginning of the fourth cycle is 0.8 times the amplitude of the previous vibration.
Find the ratio of the frequencies of damped and undamped vibrations. [16]

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Code No: RR320304 Set No. 3
III B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
DYNAMICS OF MACHINES
( Common to Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics, Production
Engineering and Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. A horizontal steam engine running at 240 rpm has a bore of 300 mm and stroke
600mm. The connecting rod is 1.05m long and the mass of reciprocating parts
is 60 kg, when the crank is 600 past its inner dead center, the steam pressure on
the cover side of the piston is 1.125 N/mm2 while that on the crank side is 0.125
N/mm2 . Neglecting the area of the piston rod, determine:
(a) the force in the piston rod; and
(b) the turning moment on the crankshaft. [16]
2. A horizontal steam engine 20 cm diameter by 40 cm stroke, connecting rod 100 cm
makes 160 r.p.m. The mass of the reciprocating parts is 50 kg. When the crank
has turned through an angle of 30 degrees, the steam pressure is 4.5 bar.
(a) Calculate the turning moment on crank shaft.
(b) If the mean resistance torque is 30 N-m and the mass of flywheel is 50 kg and
the radius of gyration 70 cm, Calculate the acceleration of the flywheel. [16]
3. (a) Name different dynamometers. Explain one Absorption type dynamometer in
detail.
(b) A band brake acts on the (3/4)th circumference of a dram of 450 mm diameter,
which is keyed to the shaft. The band brake provides a braking torque of 225
Nm. One end of the band is attached to a fulcrum pin of the lever and the
other end to a pin 100mm from the fulcrum. If the operating force is applied
at 500 mm from the fulcrum and the coefficient of friction is 0.25, find the
operating force when the drum rotates in the
i. anticlockwise direction and
ii. clockwise direction. [6+10]
4. (a) Differentiate between static friction and dynamic friction with suitable exam-
ples.
(b) An effective diameter of the cone clutch is 75 mm. The semi-angle of the cone
is 180 . Find the torque required to produce slipping of the clutch if an axial
force applied is 200 N. This clutch is employed to connect an electric motor
running uniformly at 100 r.p.m with a flywheel which is initially stationary.
The flywheel has a mass of 13.5 kg and its radius of gyration is 150 mm.
Calculate the time required for the flywheel to attain full speed, and also the
energy lost in the slipping of the clutch. Take coefficient of friction as 0.3
[6+10]

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Code No: RR320304 Set No. 3
5. (a) Derive an expression for the height of Proell governor.
(b) Calculate the minimum speed of a Proell governor, which has equal arms each
200mm and are pivoted on the axis of rotation. The mass of each ball is 4kg
and the central mass on the sleeve is 20kg. The extension arms of the lower
links are each 60mm long and parallel to the axis when the minimum radius
of the ball is 100mm. [8+8]

6. A four cylinder crank engine has the two outer cranks set at 1200 to each other, and
their reciprocating masses are each 350kgs. The distances between the planes of
rotation of adjacent cranks are 45, 75 and 60 cm. If the engine is to be in complete
primary balance, find the reciprocating masses and the relative angular position
for each of the inner cranks. If the length of each crank is 30cm, the length of each
connecting rod is 120 cm, and the speed of rotation is 250 r.p.m., determine the
maximum secondary unbalanced force. [16]

7. An air compressor has four vertical cylinders 1,2,3 and 4 inline and the driving
cranks at 90 intervals reach their upper most positions in this order. The cranks
are of 150mm radius, the connecting rods 500mm long and the cylinder centre line
400mm apart. The mass of the reciprocating parts of each cylinder is 22.5kg and
the speed of rotation is 400r.p.m. Show that there are no out-of-balance primary or
secondary forces and determined the corresponding couples, indicating the positions
of No. 1 crank for maximum values. The central plane of the machine may be taken
as reference plane. [16]

8. The measurements on a mechanical vibration system show that the mass is 10 kg

and the springs can be combined to give an equivalent spring of stiffness 5.5 kg/cm.
If the vibrating system have a dashpot attached which exerts a force of 0.05 kg when
the mass has a velocity of 10 mm/sec.. Find

(a) critical damping coefficient

(b) damping factor
(c) logarithmic decrement and
(d) ratio of two consecutive amplitudes. [16]

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Code No: RR320304 Set No. 4
III B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
DYNAMICS OF MACHINES
( Common to Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics, Production
Engineering and Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. A racing car weighs 20 kN. It has a wheel base of 2m, track width 1m and height
of C.G. 300mm above the ground level and lies midway between the front and
rear axle. The engine flywheel rotates at 3000 rpm clockwise when viewed from
the front. The moment of inertia of the flywheel is 4kg-m2 and moment of inertia
of each wheel is 3kgm2 . Find the reactions between the wheels and the ground
when the car takes a curve of 15 m radius towards right at 30 km/hr, taking
into consideration the gyroscopic and the centrifugal effects. Each wheel radius is
400mm. [16]

2. A horizontal steam engine 20 cm diameter by 40 cm stroke, connecting rod 100 cm

makes 160 r.p.m. The mass of the reciprocating parts is 50 kg. When the crank
has turned through an angle of 30 degrees, the steam pressure is 4.5 bar.

(a) Calculate the turning moment on crank shaft.

(b) If the mean resistance torque is 30 N-m and the mass of flywheel is 50 kg and
the radius of gyration 70 cm, Calculate the acceleration of the flywheel. [16]

3. A band brake used for a winch is wound round a drum of 0.75 m diameter, keyed
to the shaft. The two ends of the band are attached to the pins on the opposite
sides of the fulcrum of the brake lever at distances of 25 mm and 100 mm from the
fulcrum. The angle of lap on the drum is 2400 . The coefficient of friction is 0.25.
Find the torque which can applied by the brake when a force of 500 N applied to
the lever upwards at a distance of 1 m from the fulcrum. Consider clockwise and
counter-clockwise directions of rotation. [16]

4. A car engine develops maximum torque at 15kW and 2400r.p.m. The data provided
for the clutch design are the following.

(a) Intensity of pressure on the friction surface not to exceed 0.7 bar
(b) Provision is to be made for the loss of torque to wear as 30% of the engine
torque;
(c) coefficient of friction for the mating lining riveted on both sides of the plate
is 0.35
(d) Inside diameter of the friction plate is 0.6 times the outside diameter. Deter-
mine the suitable dimensions of the clutch plate. [16]

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Code No: RR320304 Set No. 4
5. The arms of a Porter governor are pivoted on the governor axis and are each 25cm
long. Mass of each ball is 5kg and the mass of the sleeve is 40kg. The arms are
inclined at angle of 300 to the governor axis in lower most position of the sleeve.
Lift is equal to 5cm. Determine the force of friction as equivalent force in Newton’s
at the sleeve if the speeds at the moment the sleeve start lifting from the lower
most position, is the same as the speed at the moment it falls from the uppermost
position. Determine also the range of speed of the governor. [16]

6. Three masses m1 , m2 , m3 located in planes 1,2 and 3 are to be balanced by correct-

ing masses in plane 3 and R as shown in figure 6below. Determine the balancing
masses, while balancing the rotor on a machine if the maximum error in determin-
ing the magnitudes of correcting masses is +5%. Determine the Bearing reactions
left on the supports as a percentage of the original reactions. [16]

Figure 6
7. Explain terms

(a) Variations in tractive effort

(b) Swaying couple
(c) Hammer blow as applied to locomotive balancing. [5+5+6]

Derive expressions for these for two cylinder uncoupled locomotive balancing.

8. A 10kg mass is mounted on springs and is fitted with a dashpot to damp out
vibrations. There are three springs each of stiffness 10 N per mm and it is found
that the amplitude of vibration diminished from 3.84 cm to 0.64 cm in two complete
oscillations. Assuming that the damping force varies as the velocity, determine

(a) the resistance of the dash pot at unit velocity

(b) the ratio of the frequency of the damped vibration to the frequency of the
undamped vibration
(c) the periodic time of the damped vibration. [16]

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