264

264

? ???

264

264

W
K
K
K

K
K

90

-1-

264

E1F
W 1-1
??
K EKKKKKF
??
E1 J1FK

E
F
K

J
J

E1 J1F

? ?

EF
KE F
W
-2-

264

W J

K
KW

KW

KW

KW

W21

K
K
K
K E3 E2E1W

W

W(Industrial Revolution)

1764
K 1785
Division of ?
?

? ?? ?1775ELabour)
-3-

264

K1790(Interchangeable Parts)

K

E F
K



K

(Scientific Management)

K

?1911? ?
?
K(Work Methods)

K

?
K
(Motion ?

KEconomy)

K(Gantt

Chart)??

-4-

264

K(Mass

Production)

K????

K
(Linear

Programming)

1947

1960(MRP)
K

ISO-14000ISO-9000K
(Flexible

Manufacturing Systems)(TQM)

(Computer Integrated Manufacturing)

K

W(Human Relations Movement)

K

K? ?
W
-5-

264

K

K
? ?

K
K
X KYX

K
X
K Y
FW Z
FE
KE

W3 J1
K

WK

(Total Quality Management) J

WK

K
-6-

264

W(Flexibility) J

KK

W(Time Reduction) J

K

W(Technology Upgrade) J

K

(Workers Involvement) J

K

W(Reengineering) J

K400
-7-

264

(Supply Chain Management) J

F
KE

W(Downsizing) J

W4 J1
W

WE
(Service Production Systems) J
(Manufacturing Systems)

WE

K(Mass Production) J

(Batch Production) J

(Job Shop Production) J

K

(Layout)E

(Product Layout) J
(Process Layout)

(Cellular Layout)

(Fixed Position Layout) J

-8-

264

EFEF

EF

K

W5 J1
EKKKKKF

EF

F??K

KEKKKKKK

KEKKKKKF??

W

W1 J5 J1
W

J
K

KEF J

W2 J5 J1
W
-9-

264

W J
FK

E
K

W J

K

W
J

K


W J
K

K

W J

K

W J

- 10 -

264

W J
K

K

W61

K
W

W J

K

W J

W J
K

K
K

- 11 -

264

W J

K

W J

- 12 -

264

KW K1

K2
K

K K3

K K4

W K5
K

F
KE

- 13 -

264

J1 J

EFEFE1F
EFK K1
EFK K2
EFK K3
EFK K4
EFK K5
EF K6
KK1E2F
K K2
K K3
K4
K K5
J
J
J
J
J
J

- 14 -

-1-

264

W
K
K
K

95

- 15 -

264

E2F
W12
K

EF
K K
W

W22
K
W

KK1
K K2
K K3

K
K
- 16 -

K4

K5

264

W
EF J1

EF J2

EF J3
EF J4

(Demand Forecasting)3 J2

E F K

K K
K
(Forecasting Error)

EF

KWK
W

W(Qualitative Forecasting)1 J3 J2

K

K
- 17 -

264

K(Delphi Method)

K
W

KK1
K K2

K K3

KE3FE1F K4

:(Quantitative Forecasting)2 J3 J2

(Time Series)??

K

(Moving Average Method)1 J2 J3 J2

nK

n KN

K

- 18 -

264

K??

D t = MAn =

t = N n +1

KZt

K ZN

KZn
nZMAn

tZ Dt

tZ D t

WE1 J2F

10ABC

K6nE15F

t
Dt

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
615 635 648 670 693 729 767 810 856 915

t Dt J

10ZN -

6Zn -

D15 W

W
- 19 -

264

10

D15 =

D
t =5

693 + 729 + 767 + 810 + 856 + 915 4770

=
= 795 units
6
6

KE F

K

W(Regression Analysis)2 J2 J3 J2

?
?

W .(Linear Regression)

D t = a + bt

EFZa
KEFZb

(Regression Line) ? ?

Kb a

- 20 -

264

a =

D b t
t =1

t =1

b =

t =1
N

t =1

N t.Dt Dt . t
t =1

N t 2 ( t ) 2
t =1

t =1

WE2 J2F

KE15F7

1 2
215 272

t
Dt

3
344

4
418

5
490

6
557

7
623

8
795

K
W

1
t
Dt 215
1
t2
t. Dt 215

2
272
4
544

4
5
418
490
16
25
1672 2450

3
344
9
1032

6
557
36
3342

7
623
49
4361

8
795
64
6360

36
3714
204
19976

Wba
b = (8 19976) (3714 2 36) = 159808 133704 = 77.70

1632 1296

(8 204) (36)

a = 3714 (77.70 36) = 3714 2797.20 = 114.60

8

: ) ( b a

D t = 114.60 + 77.7t
- 21 -

264

: 15 . t

D t = 114.60 + 77.7 15 = 1280 units

- 22 -

264

KK2KK1

KK4K3

KK6KK5
W

KK1

K2

K3

K4

K K1

KK2

- 23 -

264

J2 J

E1F

K E2F

K E3F

W???? E4F
EF J
EF J
EF J
EF J
EF J
E5F
W8

n = 6 J
J
t
Dt

10

120

160

205

240

278

314

356

412

467

518

- 24 -

- 11 -

264

K
K

90

- 25 -

264

E3F

W13

W K
K

W K

K

2 J3

E246F(Aggregate

Planning)

(Aggregate)??

KEF

(Aggregate Product)

252118
K

FK

EKKK
K(Aggregate Unit)

W3 J3

K

- 26 -

264

K
K

WK

W(Overtime)
J

K

K

W(Subcontracting) J
K
K
K

:(Inventory) J

K
K

W(Hiring

and Layoff)

W(Backorder) J
K
- 27 -

264

WK

W1

E F

W

W

K

W

K

J2

W

W

- 28 -

264

K J

K J

K J

WE1 J3F

- 29 -

264

W 4-3
W
J

J
J

EF J
J

J
J

EF J

53

K K(Hard Problems)

(Graphical Tableau approach)

W

W1 J3

(Aggregate Product)K 12
- 30 -

264

(Aggregate

Plan)

W

EZWF J

Dt

1
120

2
155

3
165

4
200

5
65

6
50

7
90

8
75

9
86

10
68

11
140

12
150

50 Z(I0F J

27Z(W0F J

40Z J

3Z J
1Z J

1000Z J

1400Z J

2600Z J
800Z J

25Z J

80ZEF J
120Z J

100Z J

- 31 -

264

KE2 J3F

KE2 J3F E1 J3F

K 1,521,545 E2 J3F

E2 J3F

90 K

(R1

(CH4=

= 90)

480) 1000

K 120(H4 = 4)

= Pt

t = Dt

= Vt

t = UDt

t = It

t = Rt

= I0

t = Ot

t = Bt

t = UPt

= W0

t = Wt

t = CIt

t = WOt

t = Ht

t = Lt

t = CVt

t = CRt

t = CLt

t = COt

t = CHt

t = CBt
t = CTt

E1 J3FWE2 J3F

- 32 -

264

E1 J3FWE1 J3F
t

Dt

UDt

Wt

WOt

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

120
155
165
200
65
50
90
75
86
68
140
150

120
275
440
640
705
755
845
920
1006
1074
1214
1364

30
32
32
36
36
30
30
30
30
30
34
34

0
30
30
30
18
0
0
0
0
0
0
4

Pt = Rt + Ot + Vt

Rt Ot
90
96
96
108
108
90
90
90
90
90
102
102

Vt

Pt

UPt Ht

0 0 90 140
30 5 131 271
30 20 146 417
30 25 163 580
18 0 126 706
0 0 90 796
10 0 90 886
0 0 90 976
0 0 90 1066
0 0 90 1156
0 0 102 1258
4 0 106 1364

3
2
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0

Lt

It

0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0

20 0
0 4
0 23
0 60
1 0
41 0
41 0
56 0
60 0
82 0
44 0
0 0

Rt = 3 Wt

Ot = 1 WOt

UPt = Pt + I 0

UDt = Dt

k =1

I t = max{0,UPt UDt }

k =1

Bt = max{0,UDt UPt }

Bt

Lt = max{0,Wt 1 Wt }

H t = max{0, Wt Wt 1 }

E1 J3FWE3 J3F
E1 J3FWE2 J3F
t

CRt

COt

CVt

CIt

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

90000
96000
96000
108000
108000
90000
90000
90000
90000
90000
102000
102000

0
42000
42000
42000
25200
0
0
0
0
0
0
5600

65000
13000
52000
65000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

500
0
0
0
25
1025
1025
1400
1500
2050
1100
0

CBt CHt

0
320
1840
4800
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

360
240
0
480
0
0
0
0
0
0
480
0

CLt

CTt

0
0
0
0
0
600
0
0
0
0
0
0

155860
151560
191840
220280
133225
91625
91025
91400
91500
92050
103580
107600
1,521,545

- 33 -

264

1600
1400

1200

800

1000

600
400
200
0
12

11

10

E1 J3FWE4 J3F

W E1 J3F

K(Vt)(WOt)(Wt)

E
F

K
E2 J3FE1 J3F

EF

K
K??

W63
(Disaggregation)

K

K

?

(Master Schedule)?

EFK

K
- 34 -

264

(Master Production Schedule (MPS))

K
K??

E1W
E5 J3F

FE2E F

E3E

E1W
K
E3 E2(Projected

Inventory)

K(Uncommitted Inventory)

E5 J3F

WE2 J3F

K

160120

KE
40 30F

E F
K70(Lot Size)
- 35 -

264

40

40

40

40

30

30

30 30

10

20 33

64

KEFZ

31
1
41
11
41
1
31
61

J
J
70
J
70
J
70

70

31

33

64

30

31

29 J
11

30

29 J
1
39 J
9 J

30

41

40

11

40

41

40

40

31

- 36 -

264

40

40

40

40

30

30

30 30

10

20 33

61

31 1

41

11

41 1

70

70

70

70

- 37 -

64

31

J J

264

K K1

K K2

K K1
K K2

K K1
K K2

K K3
K K4

K K5

K K6

K K7

K
K K1

K K2

K K3

- 38 -

264

J3 J
WEFEFE1F
EFK K1
K2
EFK
EF K3
EFK K4
EF K5

W E2F
t

Dt

1
220

2
355

3
280

4
216

5
150

6
188

7
270

8
118

9
190

10
220

EZWF J

20 Z(I0F J

30Z(W0F J

65Z J

4Z J
2Z J
- 39 -

264

500Z J

800Z J

1600Z J

380Z J

20Z J

60ZEF J
90Z J

85Z J

- 40 -

EMRPF

EMRPF

264

EMRPF

JITMRP
K


W

KEMRPF
KMRP

KMRP

EMRP-IIF
KMRPECRPF

KEJITF
KJITMRP

90

- 41

264

E4F
W1 J4

(Assemblies)K
(Subassemblies)

K K

(Independent)

(Dependent)
(Material

Requirements Planning (MRP))??

E
K
(Manufacturing Resource

??

MRP-IIKMRP-IIPlanning)
MRP
K

- 42

264

MRP2 J4

WMRP

EF

(Master Production Schedule (MPS))

K

EF

(Bill Of Materials (BOM))

? ?K

K(Manufacturing Process Tree)

E1 J4FK
K

(1)

(4)

Z-1

A-20

(2)
R-60

(1)
K-5

(3)
X-100

WE1 J4F
- 43

264

A- .Z-1 A-20
F

KR-60

T-5

X-100 20

K E F
KZ-1A-20F
4 X-10012

KR-608T-5

(Beginning Inventory)EF

MRP

K

(Scheduled Order Receipts) EF

MRP

MRPK
K

(Lead Times)EF

MRPK

K

WMRP

(Planned Ending Inventory)KEF

(Planned Order Releases) KEF

MRP3 J4
MRP
E
FK
K

KMRP

- 44

264

FK

KE
KEF

NRT = GRT SRT - BIT

TZNRT
TZGRT

TZSRT

TZBIT

K
(Lot for Lot)? ? (Lot Sizing Method)

(PCT)

MRP

NRTPCT = NRT

ETFNRTPCT = 0

(PETF

W

- 45

264

PET = PCT + SRT + BIT - GRT

K(PRT)

E
F

EF
W K

PRT = PCT+L

ZLW

1 J4

F(MRP)E1 J4F
WK15X-100A20

GRT 1

WF
7

1
0
3

1
1
2

1
2
4

1
3
4

1
4
3

1
5
2

W
X-100

BI1
L

A-20

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

2 3

A-20

3 6

X-100 3 4 3

- 46

264

MRP
X-100 K

KX-100A-20(F)

EF

:
1 2 3 4 5
T
GRT 1 2 4 2 5
SRT 2 3 0 0 0
BIT 6 7 8 4 2
NRT -7 -8 -4 -2 3
PCT 0 0 0 0 3
EIT 7 8 4 2 0
PRT 0 0 0 3 6

10

11

12

13

F :
14 15

6
0
0
6
6
0
4

4
0
0
4
4
0
3

3
0
0
3
3
0
5

5
0
0
5
5
0
3

3
0
0
3
3
0
2

2
0
0
2
2
0
4

4
0
0
4
4
0
4

4
0
0
4
4
0
3

3
0
0
3
3
0
2

2
0
0
2
2
0

KE4FFA-20

:
1 2
3 4 5
T
GRT 0 0 0 12 24
SRT 3 6 0 0 0
BIT 6 9 15 15 3
NRT -9 -15 -15 -3 21
PCT 0 0 0 0 21
EIT 9 15 15 3 0
PRT 0 0 21 16 12

:
6

10

11

12

A-20 :
13 14 15

16

12

20

12

16

16

12

16

12

20

12

16

16

12

16

12

20

12

16

16

12

20

12

16

16

12

- 47

:
1
2 3 4 5
T
GRT 0 0 63 48 36
SRT 3 4 3 0 0
BIT 7 10 14 0 0
NRT -10 -14 46 48 36
PCT 0 0 46 48 36
EIT 10 14 0 0 0
PRT 46 48 36 60 36

264

X-100 :
13 14 15

10

11

12

60

36

24

48

48

36

24

60

36

24

48

48

36

24

60

36

24

48

48

36

24

24

48

48

36

24

Capacity Requirements Planning (CRPFF4 J4
KMRP
MRPECRPF

MRP

K

EJust-In-Time(JIT)F5 J4

EJITF
K

MRP

K(Card)(KANBAN)??
E F

K
K

- 48

264

JIT

J
J

J
JIT

K
JIT

K
WJIT

K(Suppliers) J

K J

EF J
J

K J
K J

WJITMRP6 J4
EJITFEMRPF

JITEPushFMRP J1

KEPullF

- 49

264

JIT J2

JIT
K

JIT
KMRP

JIT J3

MRP
KJIT

JIT J4

JIT J5
EMass

KMRP

ProductionFJIT

J6

MRPEF
KEBatch ProductionF

MRP J7
JIT

- 50

264

(MRP)
K

WMRP
K

MRP

KMRPMRP-II

MRP(CRPF
MRP
K

(JITF


K

WJIT
J

J
K J

JIT
K

- 51

264

J4 J
WEFEFE1F
EFMRP J
EFKMRPMRP-II EFMRPCRP J
EFJIT J
EF J
A-6(MRPFE2F
.P

T
GRT

WP

1
1

2
3

3
5

4
4

5
4

6
6

7
5

8
7

9
6

10
4

BI1
L

W
P
D-1
H-55
A-6
12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

D-1

H-55

A-6

2
5
2 2
1

- 52

264

(2)

(1)

H-55

D-1

(3)

(2)

A-6

Z-40

- 53

(2)
A-6

5
40

264

W
K

EEOQFW
KESMF J

85

- 55 -

264

E5F
W1 J5

K K1

K K2

K K3

K K4

K K5
K6

K K7

K
W

K K1
K K2

K K3

EF K4
K

KEFEF K1
KEF K2

- 56 -

264

KEF K3

K

W2 J5

W
WK1
K

WK2

WK3

K

WK4

K
W
K K1

K K2
K K3

- 57 -

264

K K4

K K5
K K6

K K7

K K8

K K9

K K10
W3 J5

WK
K K1
K K2
K K3
K K4

K

K

W4 J5
W
FEMRPFKEMRPF
E

K
K
- 58 -

264

KK
EMRPF
W
KEFixed Order Interval EFOIFF K1
KESingle- PeriodESPFF K2
KEReorder pointEROPFF K3

WEFOIF1 J4 J5

FWK
E
WEEFOIFF

K K1
K K2
K3
KEFOIF
WESPF2 J4 J5
F
FE
KE
K
K
ESPFK

K

- 59 -

264

WEROPF3 J4 J5
W
K
K
K
W
KEF K1
K K2
K K3
KK K4
EROPF
W
ROP = d LT
W
ELFZd
EFZLT

WELot SizingTechniquesF5 J5
K E F(Lot Size)
F
KE
E F
K

K
- 60 -

264

EEconomic

Order Quantity (EOQ))

?
?W
KESilver- Meal (SM)F? J?

WEEOQF1 J5 J5

F
? KE

K(EOQ)?

KE1 J5F

EOQ

WE1 J5F

WEEOQF
EOQ =

2 C2 Q T
C1

KZC1

- 61 -

KZC2

KZQT

264

W1 J5
20018000
KE90F
1000.1
KEEOQF
W

EOQ =

L0.1ZC1

L100ZC2

18000ZQT

2 100 18000
= 6000 units
0 .1

W2 J5 J5
F(Silver-Meal (SM))
K E

EF

K
W

TZC (TF
KEF
KZh

KZK

- 62 -

264

WE321FC (T)

WEKF
C(1)ZKE1F

r2
W
C(2) = (K + hr2 ) / 2E2F

W
C(3) = (K + hr2 + 2 hr3 ) / 3E3F
W
C(j)

= (K + hr2 + 2 hr3 + ..+ (j-1) hrj ) / jE4F

F C (j) > C (j-1) W
Kjy = r1 + r2+ .+rj-1 WE

W2 J5
K
ESMF
W
E205423018F J
8 J
300 J
W
C(1)

- 63 -

= 300SR

264

C(2)

= (300 + (8) (30) ) / 2 = 270SR

C(3)

= (300+ (8) (30) + 2(8) (42) ) / 3 = 404SR

WC(3) > C(2)

Y = r1 + r2 = 18+ 30 = 48

Ej = 3F
C(3) = 300 SR

C(4) = (300+ (8) (5) ) /2 = 170 SR

C(5) = (300+ (8) (5) + (2) (8) (20) ) /3 =220SR

WC(5) > C(4)

y = r3 + r4 =

42 + 5= 47

Ej=5F
W
y = r5 = 20
W

Y = (48,0 , 47,0, 20 )

48Z
47Z
20 Z





- 64 -

264

K
W

K
W

K K1
K K2
K K3

K
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1999 K1
K

EF1999 K2
K

K K3

EF2002 K4
K

K1996 K5

W

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