Biological Terminology (Bio Terms): Latin & Greek Word Parts (prefixes, root words, and suffixes)

Students of any biology course should learn to recognize word parts since they often give a clue as to the meaning of a word. Science terminology is predominately based in the Latin and Greek languages. The following list of word parts will be quizzed weekly. BioTerm Quiz #1 will include the first fifteen word parts. Each subsequent BioTerm Quiz will have the next ten word parts and any five word parts that you have already been quizzed on. At semester we will go through the same list of word parts again. Roots, like bio (life) may be found at the beginning of a word, the end of a word, or stand alone. Roots preceded by a hyphen are suffixes, or roots generally used at the end of a word; for example, -ology is greek for the science or study of. Biology then, is the Study of Life. Roots that are followed by a hyphen are prefixes. For example, a- (without). Abiotic means without life. Name ________________________________________________ BioTerm Quiz #1 Word Part Word Part Meaning Word Part Example Meaning of Example

a-, an-, non-, unab-, efad-, afadi-, lipamphianaangioanti-, contraavi-, ornibi-, di-, diplodeuterocat-, decentico-, com-, concorp, som

Without, Not Away Toward Fat Both sides Up Vessel, Container Opposite, Against Bird Two Second Down 100 Together, Both Body

Aphotic, Anaerobic, Nonrenewable Aboral, Efferent neuron Adductor muscle, Afferent neuron Adipose, Liposuction Amphibian Anabolic Angiosperm, Angiogram Anticodon, Contraception Aviary, Ornithologist Bipedal, Diploid, Diplococcus Deuterostome Catabolic, Decomposer Centigrams
Codominance, Community, Conjugation

Without light, Without air or oxygen, Not able to replenish naturally

Away from the mouth, nerve cells going away from brain

Muscle movement toward the body, nerve cells going toward the brain Fat tissue, Removing fat tissue Both sides of land and water Build up of larger molecules from smaller molecules Container for seed, Picture of a blood vessel Opposite of codon, Against conception Bird cage, Bird studier Two feet, Two sets of chromosomes, Two round bacteria Mouth develops second (the anus develops first)
Break down of big molecules into small molecules, Break down of dead organisms

100 grams Both alleles (trait type size, color) are dominant, Organisms living together Dead body, Body cell (any cell that is not an egg or sperm)

Corpse, Somatic cell

BioTerm Quiz #2

Word Part deca-, decidia-, dif-, disechinecoepieuex-, extra-, exohapl-, mono-, uniherb-, -phyte homo (greek)
BioTerm Quiz #3

Word Part Meaning 10

Through, Apart, Across

Word Part Example Dekameter, Deciliter Diarrhea, Dissect, Diffusion Echinoderm, Echidna Ecology Epidermis, Epicardium, Epiphytes Eukaryote, Eucoelomate Extinct, Extracellular, Extrapolation Haploid, Monosaccharide, Unicellular Herbivore, Epiphyte Homozygous Word Part Example Hypertonic, Hypertension Hypotonic, Hypotension, Subatomic Kilogram, Milliliter Intercellular Intracellular, Endoderm Metamorphosis Octopus Parallel, Parapodia Pentradial Pericardium 10 meters, 10 liters

Meaning of Example

Flow through, Cut apart, Across (cell membrane) Spiny skin (sea star), (spiny anteater) Study of where organisms live Upon the dermis (skin), Over the heart, Atop a plant True nucleus (protective membrane around DNA), True body cavity Died out, Outside the cell, Beyond known values (on a graph) One set of chromosomes, One unit of sugar (glucose), one celled organism Plant eater, Atop a plant Same alleles (form of a gene) Meaning of Example More solute (something dissolved in water), Excessive blood pressure Less solute, Below normal blood pressure, Below atoms (protons, neutrons, electrons) 1000 grams, 1000th of a liter Between cells Inside a cell, Inside layer of a developing embryo Change in shape 8 feet Side by Side, Feet to the side 5 spokes or rays (sea star has 5 rays/arms) Around the heart

Spiny
Where one lives, Home

Upon, Over, Atop True Out, Outside, Beyond One Plant Same Word Part Meaning More, Excessive Less, Below 1000 Between Inside Change 8 Beside 5 Around

Word Part hyperhypo-, subkilo-, millinterintra-, endometaoctparapentperi-

BioTerm Quiz #4

Word Part postprequat-, quad, tetraresemi-, hemisym-, syn,- sys tert-, tritrans-, peraeroanthro, homo (latin) BioTerm Quiz #5

Word Part Meaning After Before 4 Again One-Half With, Together 3 Across, Through Air, Oxygen Man, Human Word Part Meaning Water Joint Self Life Heart Head Neck Meat, Flesh Green Color

Word Part Example Post mortem Prenatal Quarternary, Quadiceps, Tetrapod Reproduce Semipermeable, Hemisphere Symbiosis, Synthesize, System Tertiary, Trisomy Transport, Transdermal, Permeable Anaerobic Anthropoid, Homo sapien Word Part Example Aquatic, Hydration Arthropod, Arthritis Autotroph Biosphere, Vitamin Cardiology Cephalization Cervical vertebrae Carnivore Chlorophyl Chromosome Of water, With water After death Before birth 4th, 4 heads, 4 feet Produce again

Meaning of Example

Allows some (1/2), but not all things through, One-half a sphere (ball-shape) Organisms living with each other, Put together, Working together 3rd, 3 bodies (chromosomes) Across a cell membrane, Through the skin, Through a cell membrane Without oxygen Man-like, Man who is wise Meaning of Example

Word Part aqua-, hydrarthroautobio-, vitacardcephcervcarnchlorochrom-

Jointed foot, Joint inflamation Self feeder (can make their own energy, usually by photosynthesis) Where life exists on earth, Organic molecules necessary for life Study of the heart Concentration of sense organs at the front of an animals body, its head Bones of the neck Meat-eater Green leaf Colored body

BioTerm Quiz #6

Word Part -coel (seel) -cide -cyte dent, dont derm dors-, notoecto-, exo-emia entomo-, insect Equ-, isoBioTerm Quiz #7

Word Part Meaning

Space, Cavity, Hollow

Word Part Example Eucoelomate Herbacide, Insecticide Erythrocyte, Osteocyte Dental plaque, Orthodontist Epidermis, Ectoderm Dorsal fin, Notochord Ectoderm, Exoskeleton Hyperglycemia, Sickle cell anemia Entomologist, Insectivore Isotonic Word Part Example Erythrocyte Gastrointestinal (GI) Geotropim Sublingual Agnathan Electrocardiogram, Sonography Double helix Hemorrhage Hepatitis Herpetologist Red blood cell Stomach and intestines

Meaning of Example Having a true body cavity or hollow space (within the mesoderm germ layer) Plant killer, Insect killer Red blood cell, Bone cell Teeth with patches of bacterial growth, Dr. who straightens teeth Top skin layer, Outer layer of tissue/skin during embryo development Fin on the back of a fish, A embryonic structure that will become vertebrae Outer layer of tissue during embryo development, Skeleton on outside of body High blood sugar levels, Sickle shaped red blood cells (should be circular) Insect studier, Insect eater Solute levels are equal on both sides of a membrane (inside & outside the cell) Meaning of Example

Kill Cell Tooth or Teeth Skin The Back Out, Outside Blood Condition Insect Equal, Same Word Part Meaning Red Stomach Earth Tongue Jaw Written or Picture Spiral, Coil Blood Liver Reptile

Word Part erthrgastrgeo lingu gnath (nath) -gram, -graph helix hemhepatoherp-

A plants response to the earths gravity Under the tongue A fish without a jaw Print out of the hearts electrical activity, Taking pictures using sound waves Two strands in a spiraled shape Bleed heavily Inflammation of the liver Study of reptiles (lizards, crocs, turtles, and snakes)

BioTerm Quiz #8

Word Part hetero-ichthyes -itis leucoloc lysmacro-, megamarmedi-, mesometa-, mutaBioTerm Quiz #9

Word Part Meaning Different, Other Fish Inflammation of White Place To Loosen Large Sea Middle Change Word Part Meaning Measurement Small Shape, Form Many Muscle Nose New Kidney Name Study or Science of

Word Part Example Heterozygous, Heterotroph Chondrychthyes, Osteichthyes Dermatitis, Laryngitis Leucocyte Locus Lyses Macromolecule, Megafauna Marine Biology Medial, Mesoderm Metastasis, Mutation Word Part Example Spirometer, Sphygmomanometer Microsporangia, Microbiology Mesomorph, Metamorphosis
Multicellular, Myriapod, Polysaccharide

Meaning of Example Offspring gets different forms of same trait (Tt), Other feeder (ex. herbivore) Fish with a cartilage skeleton, Fish with a bony skeleton Inflammation of the skin, Inflammation of the larynx (voicebox) White blood cell Place on a chromosome where a specific gene is found Process of loosening up or digesting a cell membrane causing cell death Large molecules (lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids), Big animals Study of life in the Sea or Ocean Middle, Middle layer of tissue during embryo development Cancer cells that change location (spread), Change in the # or sequence of DNA Meaning of Example Measures inhalation & exhalation, Measures blood pressure Small spore carriers (male), Study of microbes (bacteria, viruses, etc.) Middle form, Change in shape (tadpole to frog) Organism made of many cells, Organism w/many feet, Many monosaccharides Muscle cell, Muscle pain Wall dividing nasal cavity, Surgery of reshaping the nose, Elephants trunk Newborn Part of the kidney that filters/cleans blood, Vessel taking blood to the kidney Two-name naming system (Homo sapien = Humans) Study of Fungi, Study of Viruses

Word Part meter micromorph multi, myria, polymyonasal, rhin, probosc

Myofibril, Fibromyalgia Nasal septum, Rhinoplasty, Proboscis Neonatal Nephron, Renal vein Binomial nomenclature Mycology, Virology

neonephr-, renal nom-logy

BioTerm Quiz #10

Word Part -oma omni-, totioo-, ovorthostepaleo-, archeopathoped, pod phago, troph, vore -phore
BioTerm Quiz #11

Word Part Meaning Tumor All Egg Straight Bone Old, Ancient Disease Feet, Foot To Feed or Eat Carry, To Bear Word Part Meaning Light Plant Drink Wing, Feather, Fin Flat Tree Claw Split Sugar Enzyme

Word Part Example Carcinoma, Lymphoma Omnivore, Totipotent Oogonia, Oviduct, Oviparous Orthoptera, Orthodontist Osteoarthritis, Osteocyte Paleontology, Archeology Pathogens Centipede, Tetrapod Phagocyte, Autotroph, Carnivore Chromatophore Word Part Example Photosynthesis, Bioluminescence Epiphyte Pinocytosis Pinnepedia, Plummage, Hymenoptera Platyhelminthes, Platypus Dendrochronology, Arboretum Cheleped, Chelicerata Schizocoely, Schizophrenia Glucose Amylase, Lipase

Meaning of Example Cancer-causing tumor, Tumor of the lymphatic system Eats all plants & animals, All important cell (zygote) becomes all cells Egg stem cells, Egg carrying tube, Eggs that are hatched outside the mother Straight-winged insect order (grasshoppers), Dr. who straightens teeth Inflammation where bones meet (joint), Bone cell Study of fossils and the history of earth, Study of ancient civilizations Disease-causing organisms (some bacteria, some viruses, etc.) 100 feet, 4 feet Eating cell (white blood cells), Self-Feeders (photosynthesizers), Meat eater Color or pigment carrying cell Meaning of Example Using light to make glucose, Organisms that can create light A plant that grows atop of another plant Process of a cell engulfing/drinking liquids or dissolved substances Using fins for feet (seals), Feather shape & patterns, Straight membraned wings Flatworm, Flat foot Counting tree rings to determine its age, Place where many different trees grow Clawed foot (lobsters big claw), Classification of spiders with small claws Cavity formed at the split of the endo- & ectoderm (protostomes), Split mind A simple sugar or monosaccharide made by photosynthesis in autotrophs Enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates, Enzyme that breaks down lipids

Word Part photo-, lumin -phyte pinopinn-, plum-, -pter platydendro-, arborchelschizo-ose -ase

BioBioTerm Quiz #12

Word Part -ploid pneumo-, pulmoprim-, protpseudosapr-scope -sect, -tom sperm spir stas, stat
BioTerm Quiz #13

Word Part Meaning Chromosome Lungs First False Rotten View, See Cut Seed Breathe Unchanging Word Part Meaning Mouth Arrange End Land Heat Poison Turn, Change Yoke (egg + sperm) Animal Belly

Word Part Example Haploid, Diploid Pneumonia, Pulmonary artery Primary consumer, Protozoa Pseudocoelomate, Pseudopodium Saprotroph Microscopic, Macroscopic Bisect, Anatomy Spermacide, Spermatid Inspire, Spiracle Homeostasis Word Part Example Stomata, Oral cavity Taxonomy Telophase, Telomeres Terrestrial ecosystem Thermophile, Thermometer Neurotoxin, Hemotoxin Phototropism, Evolution Zygote, Homozygous Zoology Ventral

Meaning of Example One set of chromosomes, Two sets of chromosomes Infection of the lungs, Vessel taking blood from the heart to the lungs 1st organisms to eat producers (herbivores), 1st animal (heterotrophic Protists) False body cavity (between ecto- & endoderm), False foot (found in amoebas) Feeds on Rotting organic matter/dead organisms (also called decomposers) To see or view something small, To see or view something w/o using a scope Cut in two, To cut up Sperm killer, A small or immature sperm To breathe in, Hole found on insects for air to enter and leave (breathing) Unchanging chemical conditions in healthy organisms Meaning of Example Hole or mouth in leaves allowing gas exchange (O2 & CO2), Mouth space A system used to arrange or classify a large number of organisms End of mitosis, End or tip of chromosomes All living and nonliving things in a designated area on land Bacteria that live in hot areas, Heat measuring instrument Poison to the nervous system, Poison in the blood Plants response of turning toward light, How organisms change over time Union of egg & sperm, Zygote receives the same gene from both egg & sperm Study of animals Belly portion of an organism (portion of a worm that touches the ground)

Word Part stom-, ora taxteloTerr therm toxic trop, volv zyg zo ventr-