Characterization of the Mechanical Properties of ATI 425 Alloy According to the Guidelines of the Metallic Materials Properties Development

& Standardization Handbook

Erin McDevitt, John Mantione, Luis Ruiz-Aparicio, Dave Bryan, Tom Bayha
AeroMat 2010 Conference and Exposition: June 20-24, 2010 Bellevue, WA

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ATI 425 Alloy is an Alpha-Beta Ti Alloy with High Strength and Ductility
Cold and Hot Formable Strength approaching Ti-6Al-4V
AMS 6946 New specification being developed higher strength
Cold Rolled Coil Longitudinal Direction Hot Rolled Plate Longitudinal Direction

Cold rollable into coil

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Commercialization of ATI 425 Alloy is Underway

ATI 425 Alloy has been used for armor and other defense applications
Lack of detailed characterization of mechanical properties has been one barrier to insertion in widespread aerospace applications MMPDS A- and B-basis properties were approved at the 17th MMPDS Coordination Meeting April 28, 2010

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MMPDS is an approved source for design allowable properties for metallic materials
The FAA should consider the A and Bbasis design values acceptable for compliance for material strength properties and design values for aircraft certification and continued airworthiness without further showing of compliance.
Source: Federal Aviation Administration Memo date July 25, 2006; David W. Hempe, Manager, Aircraft Engineering Division, AIR-l 00 to All Directorate Managers, All Aircraft Certification Office Managers, Policy Statement on use of Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization (MMPDS) Handbook.

Path to MMPDS Approval

Public (AMS) Specification Test data from at least 10 heats of production
Battelle Statistical Analysis MMPDS Coordination Meeting

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AMS 6946 Defines ATI 425 Alloy Processing and Properties for Flat Products
Cold rolled sheet (0.020 0.156) and hot rolled sheet and plate (0.125 2.10) Multiple melted, final VAR Mill anneal 1300F 1500F
Al Composition (wt.%) V Fe O C N H

Min Max
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3.5 4.5

2.0 3.0

1.2 1.8

0.2 0.30

-0.08

-0.03

-0.015
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AMS 6946 Defines ATI 425 Alloy Processing and Properties

Tensile Strength (ksi)
Test Direction L T

Yield Strength (ksi)

L T

Elongation (%)
L T

Cold Rolled (0.02 0.156)

Hot Rolled (0.125 2.10)

130
130

130
130

110
115

115
115

10
10

10
10

Bend factor of 8 (4T) Alpha-beta microstructure

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MMPDS Characterization Program Started in 2009

Assessed existing data and executed plan to generate new data Existing data
About 50% of direct tensile data requirements on hand Limited thermophysical property data No derived mechanical property data

New data generated

Direct tensile data from 5 new heats Thermophysical property data from new heats Derived mechanical property data from new heats
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Product Tested Represents the Range of Processing Defined by AMS 6946

Cold rolled properties from 11 heats/57 lots Hot rolled properties from 14 heats/52 lots Multiple manufacturing locations represented
Number of Tensile Tests
80

Number of Tensile Tests

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
0.01 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.11

Longitudinal Transverse

30
Longitudinal Transverse

20

10

0.13

0.15

0
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9

Cold Rolled Sheet Thickness (in)

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Hot Rolled Plate/Sheet Thickness (in)

8

2.1

Thermophysical Properties are Consistent with Other Ti Alloys

Test Temperature (C)
100 200 300 400
0 100

Test Temperature (C)

200 300 400

5.6e-6

14

5.5e-6
9.8e-6

Thermal Conductivity - K (BTU/h ft2 F/ft)

1.0e-5

(in/in/F)

12 10

CP Ti

5.4e-6 5.3e-6 5.2e-6 5.1e-6 5.0e-6 4.9e-6 4.8e-6 100

0.20

Thermal Conductivity - K

Mean CTE -

Ti-6Al-4V ATI 425 Alloy

9.6e-6 9.4e-6 9.2e-6 9.0e-6

(W/cm K)

Mean CTE -

8 6 4 2

ATI 425 Alloy

0.15

(in/in/C)

0.10

CP Ti
200 300 400 500 600 700 800

8.8e-6

Ti-6Al-4V
0 200 400 600 800

0.05

900

Test Temperature (F)

CP Ti and Ti-6Al-4V values from MMPDS-04

Test Temperature (F)

Density = 0.161 lb/in3 (4.456 g/cm3)

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Definitions
T99 One sided (minimum) 99% Tolerance Interval T90 One sided (minimum) 90% Tolerance Interval

T99

T90

Average

S-basis minimum value allowed by specification (T99 from smaller data set used to establish specification.) B-basis T90 value determined using MMPDS data requirements and analysis procedures. A-basis Lower of T99 value determined using MMPDS data requirements and analysis procedures and the specification minimum.
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Design Mechanical Properties for ATI 425 Alloy Cold Rolled Sheet

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11

ATI 425 Alloy Cold Rolled Sheet Tensile Properties Exceeded Specification Minimums
Longitudinal Direction
16 14 13.6 12
AMS 6946 AMS 4911 AMS 4901

Elongation (%)

12 10 8 6 4 2 0

Stress (ksi)

10

Elongation

160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50

150 139
AMS 4911 AMS 6946

Average T90 (B-Basis) 1100 T99

1000 900 800 700 134 130 119 112
AMS 4911 AMS 6946

Stress (MPa)

AMS 4901 AMS 4901

600 500 400

Tensile Strength Yield Strength

AMS 4911 Ti-6Al-4V; AMS 4901 Commercially Pure Ti

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12

ATI 425 Alloy Cold Rolled Sheet Tensile Properties Exceeded Specification Minimums
Transverse Direction
16 14 13.8 12
AMS 6946 AMS 4911 AMS 4901

Elongation (%)

12 10 8 6 4 2 0

Stress (ksi)

10

Elongation

170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50

160 145
AMS 4911 AMS 6946

155 139 136 129

Average T90 (B-Basis) T99

1100 1000

Stress (MPa)

AMS 4911 AMS 6946

900 800 700

AMS 4901 AMS 4901

600 500 400

Tensile Strength Yield Strength

AMS 4911 Ti-6Al-4V; AMS 4901 Commercially Pure Ti

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ATI 425 Alloy Cold Rolled Sheet Derived Properties Are Consistent with Tensile Properties
Longitudinal Direction
350 300 250

Transverse Direction

Average T90 (B-Basis) T99 2000

Stress (MPa)
1500 1000 500

Stress (ksi)

200 150 100 50 0

e/D = 1.5 e/D = 2.0 e/D = 1.5 e/D = 2.0 CYS

0
e/D = 1.5 e/D = 2.0 e/D = 1.5 e/D = 2.0 CYS

Bearing Ultimate Stress

Bearing Yield Compression Yield Stress Stress

Bearing Ultimate Stress

Bearing Yield Stress

Shear Ultimate Stress

SUTS

Compression Yield Stress

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Design Mechanical Properties for ATI 425 Alloy Hot Rolled Sheet and Plate

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15

ATI 425 Alloy Hot Rolled Sheet and Plate Tensile Properties Exceeded Specification Minimums
Longitudinal Direction
20 18 16 17 14 11
AMS 4901

Elongation (%)

Stress (ksi)

14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

AMS 6946 AMS 4911

160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50

144 137
AMS 6946 AMS 4911

Average T90 (B-Basis) T99

1000
131 132 124

Stress (MPa)

118 AMS 4911

AMS 6946

800

600
AMS 4901 AMS 4901

400 Tensile Strength Yield Strength

Elongation
AMS 4911 Ti-6Al-4V; AMS 4901 Commercially Pure Ti
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16

ATI 425 Alloy Hot Rolled Sheet and Plate Tensile Properties Exceeded Specification Minimums
Transverse Direction
20 18 16 17 14 11
AMS 4901

Elongation (%)

Stress (ksi)

14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

AMS 6946 AMS 4911

160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50

145 135
AMS 6946 AMS 4911

Average T90 (B-Basis) T99

131 136 123 118 AMS 4911
AMS 6946

1000

Stress (MPa)

800

600
AMS 4901 AMS 4901

400 Tensile Strength Yield Strength

Elongation
AMS 4911 Ti-6Al-4V; AMS 4901 Commercially Pure Ti
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17

ATI 425 Alloy Hot Rolled Sheet and Plate Derived Properties Are Consistent with Tensile Properties
Longitudinal Direction
350 300 250

Transverse Direction

Average T90 (B-Basis) T99

2000 1500 1000 500 0

Stress (MPa)

Stress (ksi)

200 150 100 50 0

Shear Ultimate Stress
Shear Ultimate Stress

Compression Yield Stress

Bearing Ultimate Stress

Bearing Yield Stress

Bearing Ultimate Stress

Bearing Yield Stress

Compression Yield Stress

e/D=1.5 e/D=2.0 e/D=1.5 e/D=2.0

..

e/D=1.5 e/D=2.0 e/D=1.5 e/D=2.0

..

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ATI 425 Alloy Elastic Modulus is Higher than Many Other Aerospace Ti Alloys
Tensile Precision Modulus ASTM E111-04
20

Compression Precision Modulus ASTM E111-04

20

AMS 6946

AMS 6946

Elastic Modulus (GPa)

Elastic Modulus (GPa)

Elastic Modulus (Msi)

18 16 14 12 10

Elastic Modulus (Msi)

120

18 16 14 12 10

120

100

100

80

80

AMS 4911

AMS 4901

AMS 4915

AMS 4919

AMS 4899

AMS 4983

AMS 4911

AMS 4901

AMS 4915

AMS 4919

AMS 4899

AMS 4911:Ti-6Al-4V AMS 4901:Commercially Pure Ti AMS 4915:Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V

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AMS 4919:Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo AMS 4899:Ti-4.5Al-3V-2Fe-2Mo AMS 4983:Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al

AMS 4983

L T Hot Rolled

L T Cold Rolled

L T Hot Rolled

L T Cold Rolled

CR L

HRT

HR L

CR T

CR L

HRT

HR L

CR T

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A-Basis Values are Lower than T99

A-basis is defined as lower of T99 and specification minimum AMS 6946 is too conservative Biggest discrepancy between the specification and the calculated T99 value is for cold rolled sheet in the transverse direction
T99 and Specification Comparison AMS 6946 T99 Difference (%) UTS L 130 134 3.1 T 130 139 6.9 Yield Stress L T 110 115 112 129 1.8 12.2 Elongation L T 10 10 10 10 0 0
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AMS 6946 Minimums are Being Upgraded to MMPDS Calculated T99 Values
Justified
More Data : many more data and additional manufacturing site since specification was written Original specification was chosen to match existing ASTM specification despite higher T99 values of original data set All product sold to AMS 6946 meets T99 minimums; i.e. no legacy issue

Specification upgrade will allow aerospace designers to take full advantage of strength of ATI 425 Alloy
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More AMS Specifications Will Be Written

Long products
Annealed : Minimum strengths comparable to AMS 4928 with better ductility Solution treated and aged comparable to AMS 4967

Flat products
Smaller, newly identified processing window creates significantly higher strength while maintaining double digit ductility, especially for cold rolled sheet and coil Higher strength specification for hot or cold rolled sheet and plate products

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MMPDS Allowables for AMS 6946 Have Been Completed

ATI 425 Alloy (AMS 6946) has approved A- and Bbasis allowables for aerospace design T99 values were consistently greater than specification minimums, so A-basis values set equal to specification minimums Specification revision underway to reflect minimums calculated as part of MMPDS analysis New AMS specifications for long products and for higher strength flat products expected in 2010
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