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1. Solubility (definition) 2. Information obtained from solubility 3. Types of solubility 4. Factors affecting solubility 5. Water soluble compounds
Solubility ( definition)
The amount of solute needed to form a solution in a given quantity of solvent. Soluble if it dissolves to the extent of (3.3g/ 100 ml ) of solvent
ii. Solubility in certain solvents often leads to more specific information about functional group.
iii. Certain conclusions about molecular size and composition may sometimes be made from solubility tests.
CH3(CH2)nCH2OH
monofunctional compounds
types of solubility
The solubility of organic compounds can be divided into two categories:
e.g. benzoic acid dissolves in 5% NaOH but not in H2O Utilized for identification of functional groups
e.g. CHCl3 in C2H5-O-C2H5 To determine solvents for chemical reactions and purification (as in recrystallization)
H2O
water
O H H
H
Hydrogen bonding
CH3 N
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non polar compounds dissolve in non polar solvents e.g. Iodine(I2)is a (non polar) and soluble in non polar solvents like carbon tetrachloride(CCl4).
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Q//What are the intermolecular forces? Q//What is the relation between melting point and solubility
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2-The position of the functional group in the carbon chain also affects solubility.
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Solubility in H2O
When a compound dissolves in water, its expected to be: - Low M. wt. compound - Polar - ionic
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