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ASH SOLUTIONS LTD

Fly Ash BSEN 450 1 Class N Category B LOI FLY ASH product information

EN 450 N is a Quality Assured processed Fly Ash (also known as Pulverised Fuel Ash, or abbreviated to PFA). Fly Ash is supplied to the readymixed concrete and concrete product markets as a cement replacement.
Using Fly Ash as a cement replacement reduces the overall CO2 footprint of the concrete. When PFA is used in concrete environmental savings can equate to 20% reduction in overall CO2 emissions for 30% Fly Ash content (based on mixes designed with equal 28 day strengths). Improved surface finish of the completed structure. Fly Ash contributes to producing a more cohesive concrete which has a reduced rate of bleeding making it easier to compact and giving the concrete better pumping properties. Reduces permeability, which reduces shrinkage, creep and gives greater resistance to chloride ingress and sulphate attack. Pozzolans such as PFA react with lime (alkali calcium hydroxide produced by cement hydrating) to form stable calcium silicates and calcium aluminate hydrates. These fill the voids in the concrete and remove some of the lime which reduces the permeability of the concrete. Improves long term strength, performance and durability. The Fly Ash reaction with lime also improves the strength, durability, chloride and sulfate resistance of the concrete. Using Fly Ash reduces the temperature rise in thick sections with the addition of less cement in a concrete mix the heat that is produced through hydration is greatly reduced. Minimises risk of Alkali Silica reaction Alkali Silica reaction is significantly reduced, if not completely eliminated, with the use of more than 25% of PFA. This is due to the fact that PFA readily reacts with sodium and potassium alkalis within the concrete. Admixtures can be used to extend the properties of Fly Ash in concrete, mortars and grouts. Applications Ash Solutions Limited Fly Ash can be combined with Type CEM I cement to produce material conforming to BSEN 1971. Basic oxide composition Component SiO2 AI2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO K2O Na2O TiO2 SO3* Cl Average % by weight 45 to 51 27 to 32 7 to 11 1 to 5 1 to 4 1 to 5 0.8 to 1.7 0.8 to 1.1 0.3 to 1.3 0.05 to 0.15

* Water soluble. The figures for SiO2 do not refer to free silica but to silicon present as silicates of varying compositions.

Fly Ash BSEN 450 1 Class N Category B LOI FLY ASH

product information

Specification BSEN450 1 CLASS N CATEGORY B LOI FLY ASH is classed as a TYPE II ADDITION, defined in BSEN 2061 CONCRETE as a finely divided inorganic pozzolanic or latent hydraulic material used in cements in order to improve certain properties or to achieve special properties. Complies with the requirements of BSEN 450 1 FLY ASH FOR CONCRETE, DEFINITIONS, REQUIREMENTS AND QUALITY CONTROL. Can be combined with CEM 1 Cement to BSEN 1971 Type CEM I at the concrete mixer or the cement factory to produce CEM 1 Fly Ash cements conforming to BSEN 1971:2000. Ash Solutions Limited Fly Ash is permitted to be used in concrete according to BS8500:2006 COMPLIMENTARY BRITISH STANDARD TO BSEN2061. Fly Ash can also be used to produce a wide range of cementitious products and is suitable as a filler or additive in concrete products. Production of Fly Ash at UK power stations When pulverised coal is burnt the Fly Ash has to be removed from the flue gases before they are released into the

atmosphere. The Fly Ash is therefore precipitated from the gas, first, by mechanical separation and then by a series of two or three electrostatic precipitators which progressively remove fine particles, so the last stage of precipitation collects the finest material of all. As a base raw material Fly Ash is variable for several reasons, including the sources of the coal, the efficiency of its pulverisation, and above all the furnace in which the pulverised coal is burnt and then the method of precipitating the ash from the combustion gases. In principle the furnace acts as a particle separator. About 20% of the ash particles either form together or combine into a form of clinker, which falls to the bottom of the furnace and is known as furnace bottom ash. The remaining 80% is known as Fly Ash and it is this material that is normally considered as an artificial pozzolan. Pozzolans Pozzolans are either naturally or artificially produced materials that, when mixed in finely divided form in concrete, chemically react at normal temperatures with the Calcium Hydroxide (LIME) that it is produced during the hydration of the CEM 1 Cement.

All concretes made with CEM 1 Cement alone produce an excess of lime which weakens the concrete because it is porous and chemically vulnerable to acids, carbon dioxide and soluble sulphates. If a material such as a pozzolan that combines with and fixates the lime, is added under controlled conditions, the result is a stabilized hydrate that is not only stronger but also less permeable to chemical attack. Manufacturing Standard All Ash Solutions Limiteds products are supplied in accordance with BS ISO 9001:2008, BS ISO 14001:2004 & BS OHSAS 18001:2007. Logistics Ash Solutions Limited supplies PFA to its national customer base in pressurised road tankers. COSHH data COSHH data on Ash Solutions Limited products is available on request. Technical support For technical support please call our Technical Services on: 01469 585806. Reports of tests providing data on chemistry and fineness are available.

Ash Solutions Limited,

Unit 2 & 3 Yarborough Court,
Front Street, Ulceby. Nr Grimsby,
North Lincolnshire DN39 6RZ
Tel: +44 (0) 1469 585806
Fax: +44 (0) 1469 588912

Aggregate Industries UK Limited. December 2009

The information contained within this publication was accurate at time of production. However, Aggregate Industries reserves the right to introduce modifications or changes to detail at any time without notice. No charge is levied for this publication or advice therein, and accordingly the company, its employees and authorised agents can accept no liability whatsoever, either indirectly or directly arising from the use of its products in connection with any information or advice contained in this guide.