GENERAL INFORMATION GENERIC NAME: MEFENAMIC ACID ORAL BRAND NAME: Ponstan CLASSIFICATION: Nonsteroidal, antiinflammatory drug DOSAGE:

500mg/cap ROUTE: PO FREQUENCY: Every 6 hours

MECHANISM OF ACTION Ponstant SF is a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) that exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities in animal models. The mechanism of action of Ponsant, like that of other NSAIDs, is not completely understood but may be related to prostaglandin synthetase inhibition

INDICATION

CONTRAINDICATION .

SIDE EFFECTS

NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

-Relief of pain including muscular, rheumatic, traumatic, dental, postoperative and postpartum pain, headache, migraine, fever and dysmenorrhea, pain from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) including Still s disease, soft tissue injuries, Therapy should not exceed 7 days.

-Hypersensitivity. -Active ulceration or chronic inflammation of either the upper or lower gastrointestinal tract (GIT). -If diarrhea or skin rash appears, the drug should be stopped at once. -Blood disorders, poor platelet function. Kidney or liver impairment. Children less than 14 yrs.

-Gastrointestinal (GI) discomfort, diarrhea or constipation, gas pain, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness and dizziness have been observed. -Peptic ulceration, nervousness, visual disturbances, skin rash, urticaria, occasional allergic glomerulonephritis, asthma may be precipitated, dyspepsia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, bronchoconstriction. -Signs of hemolytic anemia should be watched in cases when the drug is taken for prolonged period of time. SIDE EFFECTS

Assess patient s pain before therapy: location, duration, precipitating and alleviating factors.

GENERAL INFORMATION

MECHANISM OF ACTION

INDICATION

CONTRAINDICATION

NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

Generic: Nifedipine

Brand Name: Calcibloc

Thought to inhibit calcium ion influx across cardiac and smooth muscle cells, decreasing contractility and oxygen demand. Also may dilate coronary arteries and arterioles.

Hypertension. y Contraindicated in patients hypersensitivity to drug. y Use cautiously in patients with heart failure or hypotension and in elderly patients. Use CNS: dizziness, lightheadedness, headache, weakness, somnolence, syncope, nervousness. CV: flushing, peripheral edema, heart failure, MI, hypotension, y Monitor blood pressure regularly, especially in patients who take beta-blockers or antihypertensives. y Instruct patient to swallow extended-release tablets without breaking, crushing or chewing

Classification: Antilianginal

extended-release tablets cautiously in patients with severe GI narrowing.

palpitations. EENT: nasal congestion GI: nausea, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal discomfort.

them. y Advise patient to avoid taking drug with grapefruit juice. y Tell patient to protect capsules from direct light and moisture and to store at room temperature.

Dosage: 30mg/tab Musculoskeletal: muscle cramps Frequency: once a day Respiratory: dyspnea, pulmonary edema, coughs. Skin: rash, pruritus Route: PO

GENERAL INFORMATION Vit b complex Beetab

MECHANISM OF ACTION Needed for conversion of fats, protein, carbohydrates by oxidation-reduction ; acts directly on vascular smooth muscle, causing vasodilation; reducesLDL, HDL, triglycerides and lipoprotein

INDICATION Supplementation of vit B6 and B12 due to loss of this essential vitamin in uptake of Metformin and Isoniazid

CONTRAINDICATION
o o o o o o

SIDE EFFECTS CNS: headache, paresthesis CV: postural hypertension EENT: blurred vision GI: nausea, vomiting, jaundice, hepatotoxicity GU: hyperurecemia, glycosuria, hypoalbuminuria INTEG: flushing, dry skin, rash, pruritus

NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES
o

Hypersensitivity Peptic ulcer Hepatic disease Lactation Hemorrhage Severe hypotension

Assess for vit b deficiency

Advise patient that flushing and increase in feelings of warmth will occur Instruct patient to rise slowly from lying or sitting

GENERAL INFORMATION Generic Name: esomeprazole Brand Name: Nexium Classification: Proton pump inhibitor Dosage: 40mg/tab OD Frequency: BID Route: Oral

MECHANISM OF ACTION

INDICATION

CONTRAINDICATION

SIDE EFFECTS Headache Vertigo Dizziness Insomia Apathy Anxiety Paresthesias URI symptoms Sinusitis Cough Epistaxis Rash Inflammation Urticaria Prurtus Alopecia Dry skin

NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

Suppress gastric acid secretion by specific inhibition of the hydrogen-potassium ATPase enzymes system at the secretory surface of the gastric parietal cells; Blocks the final step of acid production

Treatment of GERD heartburn and other symptoms

Hypersensitivity to omeprazole or other proton pump inhibitors

y Assess for hypersensitivity to any proton pump inhibitor or hepatic impairment

Short-term treatment for erosive esophagitis

y Obtain baseline liver function tests and monitor periodically during the course of therapy

y Instruct patient to take drug at least 1 hr before meals

y Instruct patient to report severe headache, worsening of symptoms, fever, chills, darkening of the skin, changes in color of urine or stool.

y For GI symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, instruct patient to have small, frequent meals.

y Instruct patient to limit activities to those that do not require alertness and precision as the drug may cause vertigo and dizziness

GENERAL INFORMATION Generic Name: Aspirin Brand Name: Aspillet Dosage: 100mg/tab Route: PO Frequency: OD Classification: Anticoagulants, Antiplatelets & Fibrinolytics (Thrombolytics), Nonst eroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

MECHANISM OF ACTION Aspirin is an analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic. It inhibits cyclooxygenase, which is responsible for the synthesis of prostaglandin and thromboxane. It also inhibits platelet aggregation.

INDICATION Pain and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal and joint disorders.

CONTRAINDICATION Hypersensitivity (attacks of asthma, angioedema, urticaria or rhinitis), active peptic ulceration; ),

SIDE EFFECTS GI disturbances; prolonged bleeding time, rhinitis, urticaria and epigastric discomfort; angioedema, salicylism, tinnitus; bronchospasm. Potentially Fatal: Gastric erosion, ulceration and bleeding; severe, occasionally fatal exacerbation of airway obstruction in asthma Hepatotoxicity; CNS depression which may lead to coma; CV collapse and resp failure; paroxysmal bronchospasm and dyspnoea.

NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES Should be taken with food.

Mild to moderate pain and fever.

Prophylaxis of MI.

patients with haemophilia or haemorrhagic disorders, gout, severe renal or hepatic impairment, lactation

GENERAL INFORMATION

MECHANISM OF ACTION

INDICATION

CONTRAINDICATION

SIDE EFFECTS

NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

GENERIC NAME: CITICOLINE

BRAND NAME:

It increases blood flow and O2 consumption in the brain. It is also involved in the biosynthesis of lecithin. Citicoline helps recovery

CVD in acute phase & recovery phase. Signs and symptoms of cerebral insufficiency (dizziness, memory loss, poor

Parasympathetic hypertonia

Gastrointestinal disorders. Insomnia Headache

ZYNAPSE

DOSAGE: 1G/IV q12h

from post-traumatic coma and neurological deficits and in those who have had an ischemic cerebral vascular disease such as stroke.

concentration, disorientation, recent cranial trauma, & their sequelae)

Diarrhea Low or High blood pressure Nausea Blurred vision Chest Pains

GENERAL INFORMATION

MECHANISM OF ACTION

INDICATION

CONTRAINDICATION

SIDE EFFECTS

NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

Generic: Clopidogrel

Brand Name: Plavix

Inhibits platelet aggregation by irreversibly inhibiting the binding of ATP to platelet receptors

Classification: Antiplatelet

Dosage: 75mg

used for the reduction of atherosclerotic events (myocardial infarction, stroke, and vascular death) in patients with atherosclerosis documented by recent stroke, recent myocardial infarction, or established peripheral arterial disease.

Hypersensitivity Pathologic bleeding (peptic ulcer, intracranial hemorrhage) Lactation Use Cautiously in: Patients at risk for bleeding (trauma, surgery, or other pathologic conditions) History of GI bleeding/ulcer disease Concurrent use of strong Advise patient to notify health care Assess patient for symptoms of stroke, peripheral vascular disease, or MI periodically during therapy y Monitor bleeding time during therapy. Prolonged bleeding time, which is time- and dose-dependent, is expected Instruct patient to take medication exactly as directed. Take missed doses as soon as possible unless almost time for next dose; do not double doses

Frequency: once a day

CYP2C19 inhibitors Severe hepatic impairment

professional promptly if fever, chills, sore throat, or unusual bleeding or bruising occurs

Route: by mouth